scholarly journals Genetic diversity of fragmented natural populations of Pyrenacantha volubilis Wight. in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ramachandran ◽  
A. V. Santhoshkumar ◽  
Deepu Mathew ◽  
Manju Elizabeth ◽  
Jiji Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tree Algorithms ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
First Time

Abstract Pyrenacantha volubilis Wight. is a dioecious liana occurring in small, clustered populations. The species had no documented use until the recent past, when it was identified to be a source of a highly traded anti-cancer drug – camptothecin. In the present study, we examine the genetic diversity of 12 fragmented natural populations of P. volubilis using morphological and molecular traits. Twelve polymorphic Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers and 29 agromorphological traits were used to discriminate the populations using UPGMA and NJ tree algorithms respectively. The ISSR amplicon profile had 133 distinct bands. The maximum number of amplicons were produced by UBC 844 (20 bands) and the average polymorphism was 80.07 per cent. The dendrograms obtained based on molecular and agro-morphological data are in close congruence. The Thiruvananthapuram population stood apart in both the analyses as a discrete outgroup: perhaps a consequence of local adaptation. Substantial genetic diversity exists among populations. This could be tapped in domestication, which is the only way forward for the long-term survival of this species. We also report for the first time a standardized method for extraction of genomic DNA from the leaves of P. volubilis.

Cyanogenic polymorphism as an indicator of genetic diversity in the rarespecies Eucalyptus yarraensis (Myrtaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Q. D. Goodger ◽  
Ian E. Woodrow
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Specialist Herbivores ◽  
Cyanogenic Plants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
First Time

The rare Australian tree Eucalyptus yarraensis Maiden & Cambage is cyanogenic, a quantitative trait potentially indicative of genetic diversity. Cyanogenic plants are capable of releasing cyanide from endogenous cyanide-containing compounds. Cyanide is toxic or deterrent to generalist or non-adapted specialist herbivores. Consequently, cyanogenic plants are afforded an effective means of chemical defense. In this paper we characterize quantitative variation in cyanogenic capability, known as cyanogenic polymorphism, in E. yarraensis for the first time. We show that the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin (R-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside) is the only cyanogenic compound in E. yarraensis foliage. We also show that two natural populations of E. yarraensis display extensive intra- and inter-population variation in foliar prunasin concentration. The high prunasin concentrations reported in this paper represent the highest yet recorded for mature eucalypt leaves. The cyanogenic variation could not be attributed to measured physical and chemical parameters, supporting the hypothesis that the variation is genetically based. A preliminary progeny trial also supports this hypothesis, with narrow sense heritability estimated at 1.17 from three half-sibling families. The variation in cyanogenic capability may be a useful tool in the development of a conservation strategy for the species.

scholarly journals Inter simple sequence repeat markers to assess genetic diversity of the desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca Del.) for Sahelian ecosystem restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selouka Mint Abdelaziz ◽  
Leila Medraoui ◽  
Mohammed Alami ◽  
Ouafae Pakhrou ◽  
Meryem Makkaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Marker Index ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Amova Analysis

Abstract Drought and desertification are the major environmental constraints facing the Sahelian agro-ecosystems for decades. Assessing genetic diversity of native tree species is critical to assist ecosystems restoration efforts. Here we describe genetic diversity and structure of seven Balanites aegyptiaca L. natural populations distributed across the Sahelian-Saharan zone of Mauritania using 16 polymorphic ISSR primers. These generated 505 polymorphic bands. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from (0.13–0.29) with an average 0.23, marker index (MI) averaged 7.3 (range 3.3–10.3) and resolving power (RP) ranged from (4.53–14.6) with an average 9.9. The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from (0.62–1.39), Effective number of alleles (Ne) varied from (1.26–1.37), Shannon’s information index (I) ranged from (0.25–0.36). AMOVA analysis showed that 80% of the genetic variation was fined within populations, which is supported by a low level of genetic differentiation between population (GST = 0.21) and an overall estimate of gene flow among populations (Nm = 1.9). The dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient and the structure analysis divided the seven populations into two main clusters in which two populations from the Saharan zone were grouped. Our results provide baseline data for genetic conservation programs of this Sahelian neglected crop and with an important econ-ecological role.

scholarly journals Developing a monitoring program of genetic diversity: what do stakeholders say?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rea Pärli ◽  
Eva Lieberherr ◽  
Rolf Holderegger ◽  
Felix Gugerli ◽  
Alex Widmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
National Monitoring

AbstractGenetic diversity is a fundamental component of biological diversity, and its conservation is considered key to ensure the long-term survival of natural populations and species. National and international legislation increasingly mandates a monitoring of genetic diversity. Examples are the United Nation’s Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Aichi target 13 and the current post-2020 negotiations to specify a new target for maintaining genetic diversity. To date, only a few pilot projects have been launched that systematically monitor genetic diversity over time in natural populations of a broad variety of wild species. The Swiss Federal Office for the Environment mandated a feasibility study in 2019 for implementing a national monitoring of genetic diversity in natural populations. To obtain information on whether stakeholders are interested in such a systematic monitoring, what they would expect from such a monitoring and where they see respective caveats, we conducted an online survey, which 138 (42% of those surveyed) Swiss stakeholders answered. We find that Swiss stakeholders are generally aware of the lacking evidence regarding the status of genetic diversity in wild populations and species. Accordingly, most stakeholders are interested in a monitoring of genetic diversity and see opportunities for the application of its results in their work. Nevertheless, stakeholders also expressed concerns regarding financial resources and that the results of a genetic diversity monitoring program would not benefit conservation practice. Our findings highlight the importance of stakeholder engagement and demonstrate the value of a detailed stakeholder analysis prior to developing and implementing a genetic diversity monitoring program. A powerful tool for examining the constellation and interactions of the different stakeholders are social network analyses (SNAs). Finally, it is particularly important to communicate transparently about the possibilities and limitations of a genetic diversity monitoring program as well as to closely involve stakeholders from the beginning to increase the acceptance of genetic diversity monitoring and facilitate its implementation.

scholarly journals Preliminary test of the radiopharmaceutical potential of PDI-Pyr radiolabeled with 131I

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Hasan Demiroğlu ◽  
Gokcen Topal ◽  
Yasemin Parlak ◽  
Haluk Dinçalp ◽  
Uğur Avcıbaşı
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Time

Objective: Cancer is a fatal disease that arises as a result of unregulated growth and spread of malignant cells. According to the reports of World Health Organization (WHO), cancer related deaths are projected to increase in the future with the value of about 13.1 million deaths by the year 2030. In order to control this danger and growing burden, new technologies and therapeutic methods for improving the life quality of cancer patients are being developed. The overall aim of this work was to design of a new anti-cancer drug. Methods: Radiolabeling and quality control studies of PDI-Pyr were carried out by using thin layer radiochromatography.  Scintigrams were obtained using a gamma camera (Infinia, GE), which was adjusted to detect g radiations of 131I. Results: Radiolabeling yield of 131I-PDI-Pyr was obtained to be about 97%. Also, the highest uptakes of 131I-PDI-Pyr were observed in the stomach, the liver, the lung and the bladder. Conclusion: The novel PDI-Pyr compound was successfully  radiolabeled with 131I using iodogen method for the first time. The preliminary results obtained in this study have indicated that in the case of verification of selective accumulation in some stomach liver, lung and bladder cancer cells, perylene chromophore derivatives promise to be used as new anticancer agents.

scholarly journals INTER-SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT ANALYSIS AND ALLELIC DIVERSITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF CULTIVATED Digitaria species

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
D. A. Animasaun ◽  
K. F. Awujoola ◽  
R. Krishnamurthy ◽  
J. A. Morakinyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Simple Sequence

Acha (Digitaria exilis Kipps. and D. iburua Stapf.) are valuable indigenous food crops in West Africa, but despite several economic potentials of this crop, little or no attention is paid to its germplasm evaluation and improvement. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity and relationship among genotypes of cultivated acha in Nigeria using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers for the first time. Genomic DNA were extracted from the genotypes and we performed fragment amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 95 loci consisting of 790 bands were amplified by 13 ISSR primers, out of which 53.37% were polymorphic. Loci amplification per primer ranged from 5-10, with an average of 7.30 loci per primer. Eight of the primers had above 50% polymorphism. Cluster analysis separated the genotypes into two major groups; a group consisting of two D. exilis genotypes and the other comprising a mixture of genotypes. The D. exilis in the latter group were distant members and was only similar at 0.72 similarity index. The polymorphism we obtained in the present study showed that the ISSR markers are effective for assessment of genetic diversity of the genotypes. Clustering of D. exilis and D. iburua together suggests a common progenitor but could have been separated by geographical isolation mechanism

The first assessment of genetic diversity among Turkish leek accessions using molecular and morphological markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatih Hanci
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Entire Gene

Abstract Considering the high importance of leek as a vegetable crop, this species is rarely an object of molecular genetic studies. In this study, SRAP and ISSR markers were used for the first time to investigate the genetic diversity in Turkish leek accessions together with some morphological characters. The study was conducted in Erciyes University Faculty of Agriculture in 2018–2020. Thirty-seven local varieties were collected from different towns in Turkey. Also, nineteen leek accessions, which originated from different regions of Turkey, had been kindly obtained from Plant Gene Banks, USDA. Seventeen SRAP and three ISSR markers were screened; all of them exposing 137 reproducible bands, of which 114 resulted in polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied between 0.209 and 0.840. Genetic similarities varied from 0.563 to 0.960, with an average of 0.789. In addition to molecular markers, the entire gene pool was morphologically characterized over two-year data. For this purpose, eight characters, which play a key role in leek breeding, were measured. At the end of the study, the analyzes made according to the molecular and morphological data were compared both separately and in combination. In all groupings, it was found remarkable that the accessions numbered 98*3, 40*1, 40*4, and 40*6 were positioned differently from the others. These results have provided important insights into the genetic variability of Turkish leek accessions for the first time. Also, the diversity analysis performed in this study provides valuable information to researchers for future studies.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.: A Multipurpose Plant Genetic Resource of Semiarid Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Lorena S. Silva ◽  
Renata R. Simplício ◽  
Sendi R. Arruda ◽  
Derval G. Pereira ◽  
Milene Maria S. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Importance ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Mimosa Tenuiflora

Caatinga is the third largest biome in Brazil but little is known about the species diversity from this biotic community, despite of its social, economic and environmental importance for the semiarid region. Among the several typical plant species from Caatinga, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (black jurema) stands out because it plays a major role in the maintenance of this ecosystem, besides being widely used to recover degraded areas. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structural analysis from 10 populations of M. tenuiflora from the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, using 10 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. A total of 117 fragments were obtained from 218 individuals with a mean number of 11.8 bands per primer. The mean population polymorphism was 85.0%, while the values of genetic diversity (He) and the Shannon index (I) were equal to 0.295 and 0.442, respectively. Most of genetic variation was observed (87.0%) but high FST values were observed (0.132), indicating the populations are genetically differentiated. Bayesian inference using Structure divided the populations into two groups while Geneland indicated five clusters that could be related to the fragmentation of Caatinga and to constraints in the dispersal of pollen and seeds. In conclusion, M. tenuiflora presents high levels of genetic diversity and natural populations might serve as potential sources for management and reforestation of degraded areas in Caatinga.

scholarly journals RAPD-analysis of Fagopyrum species and cultivars genome polymorphism

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Guzel D Kadyrova ◽  
Fanusya Z Kadyrova ◽  
Natalia N Ryzhova ◽  
Elena Z Kochieva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genomic Polymorphism ◽  
Genome Variability ◽  
Genome Polymorphism ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

RAPD-analysis of biodiversity in cultivated annual buckwheat species Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum and related species F. giganteum and F. cymosum has been performed. Close relationship between F. cymosum, F. giganteum и F. tataricum has been confirmed. Intraspecific genome variability of F. tataricum accessions (0,01-0,15) is lower than in F. esculentum (0,10-0,33). For the first time genetic diversity in Russian buckwheat cultivars has been investigated. The high level of genomic polymorphism in F. esculentum cultivars (0,10-0,29) that is comparable to the variability in natural populations is shown.

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