scholarly journals Effect of Bovine Asprosin on Gluconeogenic Gene Expression and Glucose Production in Primary Bovine Hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Lin ◽  
Maocheng Jiang ◽  
Tianyu Yang ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Guoqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Glucose Output

Abstract BackgroundIn postpartum dairy cows, dry matter intake (DMI) was dramatically decreased, resulting in the decreased plasma glucose, a negative energy balance (NEB), and negative nutrient balance. Asprosin, which is a fasting-induced glucogenic protein hormone secreted by adipose tissue, promotes plasma glucose level. However, effect of asprosin on the hepatic glucose output in primary bovine hepatocytes and plasma asprosin level in postpartum dairy cows remain not reported. ResultsOur results demonstrated that fibrillin 1 (FBN1) showed much higher mRNA expression in mammary gland and adipose tissue compared with heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. The recombinant bovine His-asprosin was not found in supernatant of E. coli lysate, but present in the inclusion bodies in E. coli. The bovine His-asprosin proteins were > 90 % pure by Coomassie Blue-stained SDS-PAGE gel analysis. Asprosin enhanced (P = 0.031) the mRNA expression of PCK2 in primary bovine hepatocyte compared with control group, and FBP1 tended (P = 0.086) to be upregulated in primary bovine hepatocyte treated by Asprosin. Remarkably, glucose output was increased (P = 0.03) in primary bovine hepatocytes exposed to asprosin than control group. In addition, Asprosin can promote PKA activity in primary bovine hepatocytes, but not AKT. Asprosin was observed to be present in bovine plasma at consistent nanomolar levels. The postpartum cows exhibited (P = 0.003) much higher level of circulating asprosin compared with mid-lactation dairy cows. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that asprosin should be further considered for use as a novel therapy strategy for NEB and negative nutrient balance in postpartum period.

scholarly journals A novel selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor prevents human adipogenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Bujalska ◽  
L L Gathercole ◽  
J W Tomlinson ◽  
C Darimont ◽  
J Ermolieff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Glucose Output

Glucocorticoid excess increases fat mass, preferentially within omental depots; yet circulating cortisol concentrations are normal in most patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). At a pre-receptor level, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activates cortisol from cortisone locally within adipose tissue, and inhibition of 11β-HSD1 in liver and adipose tissue has been proposed as a novel therapy to treat MS by reducing hepatic glucose output and adiposity. Using a transformed human subcutaneous preadipocyte cell line (Chub-S7) and human primary preadipocytes, we have defined the role of glucocorticoids and 11β-HSD1 in regulating adipose tissue differentiation. Human cells were differentiated with 1.0 μM cortisol (F), or cortisone (E) with or without 100 nM of a highly selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor PF-877423. 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression increased across adipocyte differentiation (P<0.001, n=4), which was paralleled by an increase in 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity (from nil on day 0 to 5.9±1.9 pmol/mg per h on day 16, P<0.01, n=7). Cortisone enhanced adipocyte differentiation; fatty acid-binding protein 4 expression increased 312-fold (P<0.001) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 47-fold (P<0.001) versus controls. This was abolished by co-incubation with PF-877423. In addition, cellular lipid content decreased significantly. These findings were confirmed in the primary cultures of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. The increase in 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression and activity is essential for the induction of human adipogenesis. Blocking adipogenesis with a novel and specific 11β-HSD1 inhibitor may represent a novel approach to treat obesity in patients with MS.

Visfatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E24-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Frydelund-Larsen ◽  
Thorbjorn Akerstrom ◽  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
Pernille Keller ◽  
Charlotte Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Visfatin [pre-β-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)] is a novel adipokine that is produced by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver and has insulin-mimetic actions. Regular exercise enhances insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we therefore examined visfatin mRNA expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from healthy young men at time points 0, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, and 24 h in relation to either 3 h of ergometer cycle exercise at 60% of V̇o2 max or rest. Adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression increased threefold at the time points 3, 4.5, and 6 h in response to exercise ( n = 8) compared with preexercise samples and compared with the resting control group ( n = 7, P = 0.001). Visfatin mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was not influenced by exercise. The exercise-induced increase in adipose tissue visfatin was, however, not accompanied by elevated levels of plasma visfatin. Recombinant human IL-6 infusion to mimic the exercise-induced IL-6 response ( n = 6) had no effect on visfatin mRNA expression in adipose tissue compared with the effect of placebo infusion ( n = 6). The finding that exercise enhances subcutaneous adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression suggests that visfatin has a local metabolic role in the recovery period following exercise.

scholarly journals High-Energy Diet at Antepartum Decreases Insulin Receptor Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Postpartum Dairy Cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Jianguo Wang ◽  
Ruifeng Gao ◽  
Weiqian Zhang ◽  
Xinwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Receptor Gene ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine expression of gene of insulin receptor (INSR) in adipose tissue of postpartum dairy cows fed diets containing different amounts of energy at the antepartum period. Healthy pregnant dairy cows (n=45) on 21st d of the antepartum were divided into three groups differing in diet composition, namely: control group fed a normal diet, high energy group fed a high energy diet, and low energy group fed a low energy diet. Twenty-one days after parturition, INSR gene expression in adipose tissue was determined by internally controlled reverse transcriptase PCR. The level of INSR mRNA in adipose tissues of cows fed the high energy diet was substantially lower than that in cows fed normal or low energy diets. A relatively higher level of INSR mRNA in the adipose tissue of cows fed low energy diet may be beneficial for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, which can relieve an energy negative balance. Reduced level of INSR mRNA in adipose tissue of cows fed high energy diet indicates that the response to insulin has significantly decreased.

scholarly journals The chemerin production changes in obese patients with different carbohydrate metabolism state

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Vasilenko ◽  
E.V. Kirienkova ◽  
D.A. Skuratovskaya ◽  
P.A. Zatolokin ◽  
N.I. Mironyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Tissue Specific

Chemerin is a mediator of adipose tissue involved in the regulation of many processes, including lipogenesis, and inflammatory response. The role of chemerin in the development of insulin resistance has been insufficiently studied and needs detailed understanding. The aim of the study was to investigate chemerin production in obese patients with different states of carbohydrate metabolism. The study included 155 patients with a diagnosis of obesity; 34 patients with overweight. The control group 1 consisted of 43 conditionally healthy donors who did not have obesity. For comparison of the results of a study to determine the levels of tissue-specific mRNA expression of the genes IL-6, TNF-a, RARRES2, (encoding IL-6, TNF-a and chemerin) in adipose tissue introduced a control group 2 – 30 patients without obesity. Study on the relative level of mRNA expression of the genes IL-6, TNF-a and RARRES2 (encoding IL-6, TNF-a and chemerin) was carried out using real time PCR. Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-a, and chemerin were measured in serum/plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found significant differences in the plasma level of chemerin and tissue-specific features of RARRES2 gene expression in obese patients, depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism. Multidirectional associations of RARRES2 gene expression with TNF-a and IL-6 genes in adipose tissues of different localization are shown: in obese patients (BMI £40 kg/m2) without type 2 diabetes – negative, and type 2 diabetes – positive. Identified relationship chemerin plasma content and the expression level of its gene in biopsies with various parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, proinflammatory molecules indicate chemerin involved in metabolic and immune processes in obesity.

scholarly journals Effect of 12-Month Resistance Training on Changes in Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Variables in Patients with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yan ◽  
Xia Dai ◽  
Jitao Feng ◽  
Xiaodan Yuan ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Variables

Objective. To examine the effects of resistance training relative to aerobic training on abdominal adipose tissue and metabolic variables in adults with prediabetes. Methods. 105 participants with prediabetes were randomized into the resistance training group (RT, n=35), aerobic training group (AT, n=35), and control group (CG, n=35). The participants completed supervised 12-month exercise; the control group followed the primary lifestyle without exercise intervention. The primary outcomes were visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measured by computed tomography (CT). Secondary outcomes were body composition, lipid profile, and metabolic variables. Results. A total of 93 participants completed the study. There were nonsignificant differences between groups before intervention. After training, VAT decreased significantly in AT and RT compared with CG (P=0.001 and P=0.014, respectively). Although no significant difference in SAT was found across groups, SAT decreased significantly over time within each exercise group (all P=0.001). Increase in muscle mass was greater in RT than that in AT and CG (P=0.031 and P=0.045, respectively). Compared with CG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased significantly in RT and AT (P=0.003 and P=0.014, respectively). There was a significant difference in the number of prediabetes who converted to diabetes among AT and RT, as compared with the control group (P=0.031 and P=0.011, respectively). No significant differences were observed in lipid, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FI), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β across groups. Conclusion. Both aerobic training and resistance training are effective in reducing abdominal adipose tissue and fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. Importantly, resistance training but not aerobic training is effective in augmenting muscle mass. Trial Registration. The trial is registered with NCT02561377 (date of registration: 24/09/2015).

scholarly journals Three Months of Regular Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Obesity Improve Systemic Subclinical Inflammation Without Major Influence on Blood Pressure and Endocrine Production of Subcutaneous Fat

2014 ◽  
pp. S299-S308 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. TRACHTA ◽  
J. DRÁPALOVÁ ◽  
P. KAVÁLKOVÁ ◽  
V. TOUŠKOVÁ ◽  
A. CINKAJZLOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of our study was to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise on anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters and mRNA expression of selected factors involved in metabolic regulations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Fifteen obese women with arterial hypertension underwent a three-month exercise program consisting of 30 min of aerobic exercise 3 times a week. Fifteen healthy lean women with no intervention served as a control group. Obese group underwent anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy and 24-h blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after three months of exercise, while control group was examined only once. At baseline, obese group had increased SCAT expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines relative to control group. Three months of regular exercise improved anthropometric parameters, decreased CRP, blood glucose and HOMA-IR, while having no significant effect on lipid profile and blood pressure. Gene expressions in SCAT were not affected by physical activity with the exception of increased aquaporin-3 mRNA expression. We conclude that three months of regular exercise decrease systemic subclinical inflammation with only minor influence on the blood pressure and the endocrine function of subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals MRNA Expression of Adipocytokines and Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4) in Adipose Tissue in Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A742-A743
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Maria Ozga ◽  
Magdalena Krzyczkowska Sendrakowska ◽  
Tomasz Milewicz ◽  
Marek Sanak ◽  
Robert Jach
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Serum Amyloid A1

Abstract Background: The main feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is hyperandrogenism, adipocytes hypertrophy and chronic low-grade inflammation. It is known that PCOS is closely linked to functional dysfunction in adipose tissue, which in turn are connected with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance. However, there is no complete characterization of the adipose tissue in women with PCOS. Aim: To compare the expression of adipocytokines between women with and without PCOS. Materials and Methods: The total number of twenty two participants were enrolled into the study. Study group included ten women with PCOS diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria, the control group- twelve women without PCOS. Approximately 3 g of tissue was excised from subcutaneous adipose tissue through a small incision in the suprapubic area. mRNA was isolated and gene expression profiling was performed including following genes: GLUT4, irisin, leptin, omentin, vaspin, adiponectin, visfastin, apelin, serum amyloid A1 and chemerin. Blood samples were taken between 3rd and 5th day of the menstrual cycle to evaluate serum hormonal levels. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done simultaneously with the assessment of glucose and insulin plasma levels at 0, 60 and 120 minute. Results: Patients with PCOS presents different mRNA expression of adipocytokines compared with control group. There were statistically significant differences in irisin, leptin, omentin, visfastin, chemerin and serum amyloid A1 expression, that were higher in PCOS. GLUT-4 and adiponectin expression was significantly lower in PCOS patient compared to control. Due to an insufficient measurement of apelin and vaspin gene expression there were not included in following analysis. Conclusions: mRNA expression of adipocytokines in adipose tissue in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome is different. In women with PCOS, there is a higher expression of genes for most of adipocytokines with lower for adiponectin and GLUT-4.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of mRNA Expression Changes of GH/IGF-1/Insulin Axis Components in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Disturbances of Patients With Acromegaly

2016 ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. TOUSKOVA ◽  
J. KLOUCKOVA ◽  
V. DUROVCOVA ◽  
Z. LACINOVA ◽  
P. KAVALKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Igfbp 3

We explored the effect of chronically elevated circulating levels of growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like-growth-factor-1 (IGF-1) on mRNA expression of GH/IGF-1/insulin axis components and p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p85alpha) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of patients with active acromegaly and compared these findings with healthy control subjects in order to find its possible relationships with insulin resistance and body composition changes. Acromegaly group had significantly decreased percentage of truncal and whole body fat and increased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In SCAT, patients with acromegaly had significantly increased IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression that both positively correlated with serum GH. P85alpha expression in SCAT did not differ from control group. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT were not independently associated with percentage of truncal and whole body fat or with HOMA-IR while IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT was an independent predictor of insulin receptor as well as of p85alpha expression in SCAT. Our data suggest that GH overproduction in acromegaly group increases IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT while it does not affect SCAT p85alpha expression. Increased IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 in SCAT of acromegaly group do not appear to contribute to systemic differences in insulin sensitivity but may have local regulatory effects in SCAT of patients with acromegaly.

scholarly journals Altered vitamin D3 metabolism in the ovary and periovarian adipose tissue of rats with letrozole-induced PCOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Grzesiak ◽  
Gabriela Burzawa ◽  
Patrycja Kurowska ◽  
Klaudia Blaszczyk ◽  
Agata Szlaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
25Ohd Concentration ◽  
Letrozole Treatment ◽  
Plasma Calcium Level

AbstractVitamin D3 (VD3) plays an important role in the ovary and its deficiency is associated with ovarian pathologies, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there is no data related to VD3 metabolism in the ovary during PCOS. Herein, we investigated differences in the expression of VD3 receptor (VDR) and key VD3 metabolic enzymes, 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), in the ovary and periovarian adipose tissue (POAT) of control (proestrus and diestrus) and PCOS induced by letrozole rats. Vdr, Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 mRNA expression was determined, their protein abundance was examined and immunolocalized. Furthermore, VD3 metabolite concentrations in plasma (25OHD) and tissues (ovary and POAT; 1,25(OH)2D3), and plasma calcium level were determined. 25OHD concentration decreased markedly in letrozole-treated rats in comparison with controls, whereas calcium concentration did not vary among the examined groups. The amount of 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased in both ovary and POAT of PCOS rats. In the ovary, we found decreased Cyp27b1 and increased Vdr mRNA expression in letrozole-treated and diestrus control group. Corresponding protein abundances were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively but only following letrozole treatment. In POAT, only Cyp27b1 transcript level and CYP27B1 protein abundance were decreased in letrozole-treated rats. VDR was immunolocalized in healthy and cystic follicles, while CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 were found exclusively in healthy ones. Concluding, our results provide the first evidence of disrupted VD3 metabolism in the ovary and POAT of PCOS rats. The reduced 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration in those tissues suggests their contribution to VD3 deficiency observed in PCOS and might implicate in PCOS pathogenesis.

scholarly journals ​Genital Changes, Haemato-biochemical Profile and Therapeutic Management of Endometritis in Crossbred Dairy Cows

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Dutta ◽  
R. Deka ◽  
K.C. Nath ◽  
M. Bhuyan ◽  
M. Baruti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lugol’S Iodine ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
White Side

Background: Reproductive performance is one of the major determinants for the economic improvement of a dairy farm. Endometritis and other uterine complications cause decrease the pregnancy rate. In this study, the genital changes and haemato-biochemical profile of crossbred dairy cows affected with endometritis was studied to evolve a suitable treatment protocol in order to improve reproductive efficiency. Methods: Crossbred cow affected with endometritis were selected based on mucopurulent vaginal discharge at estrus and tested positive for white side test. Animals were divided randomly into 8 groups with 24 animals in each group. Different therapeutic regimens fortified with supportive treatment were opted. The therapeutic regimens were supportive therapy having bypass fat, vitamins and minerals, Lugol’s iodine, Lugol’s iodine with supportive therapy, intrauterine (IU) antibiotic, IU antibiotic with supportive therapy, E. coli. LPS, E. coli. LPS with supportive therapy and control group respectively. Efficacy of each treatment regimen was based on first service conception rate (FSCR). Result: Of all the therapeutic regimens, fortification of Lugol’s iodine with supportive therapy resulted in higher FSCR (83.33%) indicating better applicability as a treatment tool for endometritis in crossbred cows.

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