The chemerin production changes in obese patients with different carbohydrate metabolism state

Chemerin is a mediator of adipose tissue involved in the regulation of many processes, including lipogenesis, and inflammatory response. The role of chemerin in the development of insulin resistance has been insufficiently studied and needs detailed understanding. The aim of the study was to investigate chemerin production in obese patients with different states of carbohydrate metabolism. The study included 155 patients with a diagnosis of obesity; 34 patients with overweight. The control group 1 consisted of 43 conditionally healthy donors who did not have obesity. For comparison of the results of a study to determine the levels of tissue-specific mRNA expression of the genes IL-6, TNF-a, RARRES2, (encoding IL-6, TNF-a and chemerin) in adipose tissue introduced a control group 2 – 30 patients without obesity. Study on the relative level of mRNA expression of the genes IL-6, TNF-a and RARRES2 (encoding IL-6, TNF-a and chemerin) was carried out using real time PCR. Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-a, and chemerin were measured in serum/plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found significant differences in the plasma level of chemerin and tissue-specific features of RARRES2 gene expression in obese patients, depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism. Multidirectional associations of RARRES2 gene expression with TNF-a and IL-6 genes in adipose tissues of different localization are shown: in obese patients (BMI £40 kg/m2) without type 2 diabetes – negative, and type 2 diabetes – positive. Identified relationship chemerin plasma content and the expression level of its gene in biopsies with various parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, proinflammatory molecules indicate chemerin involved in metabolic and immune processes in obesity.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Very-Low-Calorie Diet on mRNA Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Peripheral Monocytes of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2010-1858 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. E606-E613 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

M. Mraz ◽

Z. Lacinova ◽

J. Drapalova ◽

D. Haluzikova ◽

A. Horinek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Very Low Calorie Diet ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Proinflammatory Factors

Abstract Context: Low-grade inflammation links obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To explore the expression profile of genes involved in inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue and peripheral monocytes (PM) of obese patients with and without T2DM at baseline and after dietary intervention. Design: Two-week intervention study with very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). Setting: University hospital. Patients: Twelve obese females with T2DM, 8 obese nondiabetic females (OB) and 15 healthy age-matched females. Intervention: Two weeks of VLCD (2500 kJ/d). Main Outcome Measures: Metabolic parameters, circulating cytokines, hormones, and mRNA expression of 39 genes in sc adipose tissue (SCAT) and PM. Results: Both T2DM and OB group had significantly increased serum concentrations of circulating proinflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8), mRNA expression of macrophage antigen CD68 and proinflammatory chemokines (CCL-2, -3, -7, -8, -17, -22) in SCAT and complementary chemokine receptors (CCR-1, -2, -3, -5) and other proinflammatory receptors (toll-like receptor 2 and 4, TNF receptor superfamily 1A and 1B, IL-6R) in PM, with OB group showing less pronounced chemoattracting and proinflammatory profile compared to T2DM group. In T2DM patients VLCD decreased body weight, improved metabolic profile, and decreased mRNA expression of up-regulated CCRs in PM and chemokines [CCL 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10] in SCAT. VLCD markedly increased mRNA expression of T-lymphocyte attracting chemokine CCL-17 in SCAT. Conclusion: Obese patients with and without T2DM have increased mRNA expression of chemotactic and proinflammatory factors in SCAT and expression of corresponding receptors in PM. Two weeks of VLCD significantly improved this profile in T2DM patients.

Download Full-text

Obesity alone or with type 2 diabetes is associated with tissue specific alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression of PGC-1α and IGF2 gene in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 19-20

Author(s):

M. Chen ◽

A. Macpherson ◽

J. Owens ◽

G. Wittert ◽

L. Heilbronn

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Igf2 Gene

Download Full-text

CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF α1-ANTITRYPSIN IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202003119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 508-511

Author(s):

Yelyzaveta S. Sirchak ◽

Vasilij I. Griga ◽

Nelli V. Bedey ◽

Ivan I. Pushkash

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver

The aim: To investigate changes in the level of α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in blood and in stool and their diagnostic value in patients with NAFLD and with impaired carbohydrate metabolism at different stages of liver damage. Materials and methods: 34 patients with non-alcoholic fatty hepatosis (NAFH) and 40 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all patients with serum and coli was performed by determining the level of A1AT. Results: In patients with NAFLD, in combination with IR, the level of A1AT in the blood plasma is only 1.6 times higher than that of the control group (p <0.05), and in the case of combination of NAFH and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) – it is 2 times higher (p <0.05). In patients with NASH in combination with insulin resistance (IR), the level of A1AT in the serum was 4.1 times higher than in the control group, and for NASH and type 2 diabetes – 4.2 times. Conclusions:The level of A1AT in the blood plasma increases proportionally to the degree of progression of liver damage (from the minimum values at NAFH to the maximum at NASH), regardless of the type of carbohydrate metabolism disturbance. The combination of NAFLD and T2DM is accompanied by a more pronounced increase in A1AT in stool and α1-antitrypsin clearance than the combination of NAFLD and IR.

Download Full-text

Tumor Necrosis Receptor Superfamily Interact with Fusion and Fission of Mitochondria of Adipose Tissue in Obese Patients without Type 2 Diabetes

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9091260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1260

Author(s):

Daria Shunkina (Skuratovskaia) ◽

Alexandra Komar ◽

Maria Vulf ◽

Hung Vu Quang ◽

Egor Shunkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Greater Omentum ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Tnf Superfamily ◽

In Blood Plasma

Interactions between receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) provide costimulatory signals that control the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of immune cells. All components of the TNF superfamily are associated with NF-kB functions that are not limited to cell death and may promote survival in the face of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Inflammation dysfunction of mitochondria is a key factor associated with insulin resistance in obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of soluble forms of receptors and ligands of the TNF superfamily in blood plasma with mitochondrial dynamics in adipose tissue (greater omentum (GO) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Sat)) of obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased plasma sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sTNFRSF8 receptors, and ligands TNFSF12, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B are characteristic of obese patients without T2DM. The TNF-a levels in blood plasma were associated with a decrease in MFN2 gene expression in GO and IL-10 in blood plasma. The TNFSF12 levels contributed to a decrease in glucose levels, a decrease in BMI, and an increase in IL-10 levels by influencing the MFN2 gene expression in GO, which supports mitochondrial fusion.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Echocardiography and its Correlation with Intimal Medial Thickness of Carotid Artery

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0042-114035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 125 (09) ◽

pp. 598-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zihang Wang ◽

Yuhong Zhang ◽

Weiwei Liu ◽

Benli Su

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Intimal Medial Thickness ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography in measuring the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with the intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) to investigate the relationship between EAT and cIMT. 68 patients of T2DM were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (35 cases) and group of T2DM with duration>10 years (33 cases). And 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. The thickness of EAT and cIMT were measured by echocardiography and high-frequency ultrasonography. The thickness of EAT and IMT of the carotid artery of 2 type 2 diabetic groups (duration≤10 years and>10 years) were significantly higher than that of the control group (all p<0.05), and the thickness of EAT and cIMT of the group of T2DM with duration>10 years were significantly higher than that of the group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, the thickness of EAT was positively and significantly associated with age (r=0.412, p<0.05), BMI (r=0.566, p<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.475, p<0.05), LDL (r=0.425, p<0.05), TG (r=0.496, p<0.05), duration of diabetes (r=0.384, p<0.05) and cIMT (r=0.456, p<0.05). In multiple stepwise regression analyses, age, BMI and IMT of carotid artery were appeared to be significantly associated with EAT (p<0.05 for all). In conclusion, routine screening of EAT and cIMT by ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic patients helps us to predict cardiovascular risks and prevent further development of cardiovascular complications.

Download Full-text

Analysis of gene expression profiles in insulin-sensitive tissues from pre-diabetic and diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty rats

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme.1.01679 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 299-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Young Ho Suh ◽

Younyoung Kim ◽

Jeong Hyun Bang ◽

Kyoung Suk Choi ◽

June Woo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats ◽

Zdf Rats

Insulin resistance occurs early in the disease process, preceding the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the identification of molecules that contribute to insulin resistance and leading up to type 2 diabetes is important to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. To this end, we characterized gene expression profiles from insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a well characterized type 2 diabetes animal model. Gene expression profiles from ZDF rats at 6 weeks (pre-diabetes), 12 weeks (diabetes), and 20 weeks (late-stage diabetes) were compared with age- and sex-matched Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats using 5000 cDNA chips. Differentially regulated genes demonstrating > 1.3-fold change at age were identified and categorized through hierarchical clustering analysis. Our results showed that while expression of lipolytic genes was elevated in adipose tissue of diabetic ZDF rats at 12 weeks of age, expression of lipogenic genes was decreased in liver but increased in skeletal muscle of 12 week old diabetic ZDF rats. These results suggest that impairment of hepatic lipogenesis accompanied with the reduced lipogenesis of adipose tissue may contribute to development of diabetes in ZDF rats by increasing lipogenesis in skeletal muscle. Moreover, expression of antioxidant defense genes was decreased in the liver of 12-week old diabetic ZDF rats as well as in the adipose tissue of ZDF rats both at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes were also significantly reduced in 12 week old diabetic liver of ZDF rats. Genes involved in glucose utilization were downregulated in skeletal muscle of diabetic ZDF rats, and the hepatic gluconeogenic gene was upregulated in diabetic ZDF rats. Genes commonly expressed in all three tissue types were also observed. These profilings might provide better fundamental understanding of insulin resistance and development of type 2 diabetes.

Download Full-text

Utility of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 and Osteopontin as Prospective Biomarkers of Early Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 314-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Doaa Samir Salah El-Din ◽

Ahmed Ibrahim Amin ◽

Ahmed Osman Egiza

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Tissue Inhibitor ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Clinical Measurements

AIM: This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests.RESULTS: The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group.CONCLUSION: Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups.

Download Full-text

Reduction of Insulin Signaling Upregulates Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Through Elevated Free Fatty Acids in Diabetic Mice

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1291258 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 120 (03) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

N. Mizutani ◽

N. Ozaki ◽

Y. Seino ◽

A. Fukami ◽

E. Sakamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Brown Adipose

AbstractAngiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) is thought to cause an increase in serum triglyceride levels. In the present study, we elucidated Angptl4 expression in the mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and investigated the possible mechanisms involved.Type 1 diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 J mice by treating them with streptozotocin (STZ). Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding the mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks.The levels of Angptl4 mRNA expression in liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were found to increase in the STZ diabetic mice relative to control mice. This effect was attenuated by insulin administration. In the HFD diabetic mice, the Angptl4 mRNA expression levels were increased in liver, WAT, and BAT. Treatment with metformin for 4 weeks attenuated the increased levels of Angptl4 mRNA. Fatty acids (FAs) such as palmitate and linoleate induced Angptl4 mRNA expression in H4IIE hepatoma cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with insulin but not metformin attenuated FA-induced Angptl4 mRNA expression in H4IIE. Both insulin and metformin did not influence the effect of FAs in 3T3-L1 cells.These observations demonstrated that Angptl4 mRNA expression was increased through the elevated free FAs in diabetic mice.

Download Full-text