scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of Behavioral and Health Data: A Comparative Study of COVID19 Data in Israel and Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron S. Kenett ◽  
Giancarlo Manzi ◽  
Carmit Rapaport ◽  
Silvia Salini
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Staged Approach ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Structural Equations Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The response to the COVID19 pandemic has been highly variable, both in terms of between-nations variation and within the same nation, at different waves. In this context, governments applied different mitigation policy responses with varying impact on social and economic measures over time. This article examines the effect of mobility restriction measures in Italy and Israel and compares the association between health and population mobility data. Facing the pandemic, Israel and Italy implemented different policy measures and experienced different public activity patterns. The analysis we conducted is a staged approach using Bayesian Networks and Structural Equations Models to investigate these patterns. The goal is to assess the impact of pandemic management and mitigation policies on pandemic spread and population activity. We propose a methodology that first models data from health registries and Google mobility data and then shows how decision makers can conduct scenario analysis to help support pandemic management policies.

scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of Behavioral and Health Data: A Comparative Study of COVID19 Data in Israel and Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Kenett ◽  
Giancarlo Manzi ◽  
Carmit Rapaport ◽  
Silvia Salini
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Staged Approach ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Structural Equations Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The response to the COVID19 pandemic has been highly variable, both in terms of between-nations variation and within the same nation, at different waves. In this context, governments applied different mitigation policy responses with varying impact on social and economic measures over time. This article examines the effect of mobility restriction measures in Italy and Israel and compares the association between health and population mobility data. Facing the pandemic, Israel and Italy implemented different policy measures and experienced different public activity patterns. The analysis we conducted is a staged approach using Bayesian Networks and Structural Equations Models to investigate these patterns. The goal is to assess the impact of pandemic management and mitigation policies on pandemic spread and population activity. We propose a methodology that first models data from health registries and Google mobility data and then shows how decision makers can conduct scenario analysis to help support pandemic management policies.

scholarly journals Early social distancing policies in Europe, changes in mobility & COVID-19 case trajectories: Insights from Spring 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253071
Author(s):  
Liana R. Woskie ◽  
Jonathan Hennessy ◽  
Valeria Espinosa ◽  
Thomas C. Tsai ◽  
Swapnil Vispute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Aggregate Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

Background Social distancing have been widely used to mitigate community spread of SARS-CoV-2. We sought to quantify the impact of COVID-19 social distancing policies across 27 European counties in spring 2020 on population mobility and the subsequent trajectory of disease. Methods We obtained data on national social distancing policies from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and aggregated and anonymized mobility data from Google. We used a pre-post comparison and two linear mixed-effects models to first assess the relationship between implementation of national policies and observed changes in mobility, and then to assess the relationship between changes in mobility and rates of COVID-19 infections in subsequent weeks. Results Compared to a pre-COVID baseline, Spain saw the largest decrease in aggregate population mobility (~70%), as measured by the time spent away from residence, while Sweden saw the smallest decrease (~20%). The largest declines in mobility were associated with mandatory stay-at-home orders, followed by mandatory workplace closures, school closures, and non-mandatory workplace closures. While mandatory shelter-in-place orders were associated with 16.7% less mobility (95% CI: -23.7% to -9.7%), non-mandatory orders were only associated with an 8.4% decrease (95% CI: -14.9% to -1.8%). Large-gathering bans were associated with the smallest change in mobility compared with other policy types. Changes in mobility were in turn associated with changes in COVID-19 case growth. For example, a 10% decrease in time spent away from places of residence was associated with 11.8% (95% CI: 3.8%, 19.1%) fewer new COVID-19 cases. Discussion This comprehensive evaluation across Europe suggests that mandatory stay-at-home orders and workplace closures had the largest impacts on population mobility and subsequent COVID-19 cases at the onset of the pandemic. With a better understanding of policies’ relative performance, countries can more effectively invest in, and target, early nonpharmacological interventions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Work Resumption Strategies after COVID-19 Reopening in the Chinese City of Shenzhen: A Mathematical Modeling Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Bai ◽  
Haonan Lu ◽  
Hailin Hu ◽  
M. Kumi Smith ◽  
Katherine Harripersaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Work Resumption

Abstract BackgroundAs China is facing a potential second wave of the epidemic, we reviewed and evaluated the intervention measures implemented in a major metropolitan city, Shenzhen, during the early phase of Wuhan lockdown. MethodsBased on published epidemiological data on COVID-19 and population mobility data from Baidu Qianxi, we constructed a compartmental model to evaluate the impact of work and traffic resumption on the epidemic in Shenzhen in various scenarios.ResultsImported cases account for the majority (58.6%) of the early reported cases in Shenzhen. We demonstrated that with strict inflow population control and a high level of mask usage following work resumption, various resumption schemes resulted in only an insignificant difference in the number of cumulative infections. Shenzhen may experience this second wave of infections approximately two weeks after the traffic resumption if the incidence risk in Hubei is high at the moment of resumption.ConclusionControl of imported cases and extensive use of facial masks were the key for the prevention of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen during its reopening and work resumption.

scholarly journals What is the effect of size on the use of the EFQM excellence model?

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1800-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Escrig ◽  
Lilian M. de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Efqm Model ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
Structural Equations Models ◽  
The Impact

Purpose By contrasting a contingency with a universal approach to business excellence models (BEMs), the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of size on the use of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model by organizations that were officially “Recognized for Excellence” in Spain. It considers the potential differences between large organizations and SMEs on the level of adoption of EFQM criteria and on the impact that enablers-criteria may have on key performance measures. Design/methodology/approach This study uses actual sub-criteria and criteria scores attained by organizations in their assessment for EFQM recognition. Scores of a population of 216 organizations are analyzed via analysis of variance, factor and structural equations models. Findings Although there are some criteria in the EFQM model that appear to be universally adopted irrespective of size, the empirical analyses indicate that size may shape the adoption of other criteria and the impact that enablers can have on results, thus supporting a contingency perspective. Moreover, the findings call for the revision of the relationships embedded in the EFQM model. Originality/value In contrast to most previous research, which relied on surveys of managers’ perceptions, this study uses the actual scores achieved by organizations in their assessment for EFQM recognition. It addresses the effect of size on the whole model, which so far has been neglected in the literature. All in all this study contributes to the literature on contingency approaches to best practices, and more specifically to BEMs. To the practitioner, it provides guidelines for addressing perceived performance gaps in their pursuit of recognition for excellence.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Transformational Leadership In Burnout Of Nurses And Doctors In A Public Hospital Of Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Blanca Rosa Garcia-Rivera ◽  
Ignacio Alejandro Alejandro Mendoza-Martinez ◽  
Maria Concepcion Ramirez-Baron
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Structural Equations Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bass And Avolio

This study analyzes the relationship between supervisors’ leadership styles and subordinates’ experience of burnout. We tested relationships between transformational, transactional and non leadership styles and facets of burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment), using the Bass and Avolio and Maslach Models, while controlling for subordinates’ demographics and hierarchical level. We applied the MLQ and MBI questionnaires to a sample of 102 employees in a Mexican Public Hospital to Doctors and Nurses. Our Structural Equations Models determined that inverse significant correlations were found between the different leadership subscales and burnout, excepting with those of the Laissez Faire, being positive. The theoretical and empirical findings of previous studies of the Model of Bass and Avolio, as well as of the Model of Maslach were reaffirmed; the subscale of depersonalization was eliminated. The reliability coefficients Alpha of Cronbach were higher than, 70 in all the variables. 

La definizione del costrutto di eterogeneitŕ e il legame eterogeneitŕ-performance

2009 ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Andrea Lanza ◽  
Antonella Pellegrino ◽  
Giuseppina Simone
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Construct Development ◽  
Machine Industry ◽  
Construct Dimensions ◽  
Structural Equations Models ◽  
Explanatory Concept ◽  
The Impact

Although heterogeneity has gained broad acknowledgement as a crucial phenomenon in the resource-based perspective, its relevance, whether as a source of inter-firm differences or of differences in firms' performance, has often been taken for granted rather been empirically assessed. Further, heterogeneity has been accepted as a self-explanatory concept instead of being studied and clarified as a construct for empirical research. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to define the heterogeneity construct and to eventually link the latter to firms' performances. A research on a 132 firms sample drawn from the Italian tool machine industry has been carried out to pursue this task. By means of a Structural Equation Model (LISREL) a 3-dimension construct has emerged; the heterogeneity construct dimensions are: contextuality, complexity and intertwinedness. The impact of heterogeneity on firms' performance has also been confirmed by means of LISREL. . Keywords: resource-heterogeneity, construct development, competitive advantage, Structural Equations Models Parole chiave: eterogeneitŕ delle risorse, sviluppo del costrutto, legame eterogeneitŕvantaggio competitivo, modelli di equazioni strutturali . Jel Classification: M100

Geolocated Twitter-based population mobility in Victoria, Australia, during the staged COVID-19 restrictions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thin Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Sunil Gupta ◽  
Jaishankar Raman ◽  
Rinaldo Bellomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Index ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
The Impact

Using geotagged Twitter data in Victoria, we created a mobility index and studied the changes during the staged restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe preliminary evidence that geotagged Twitter data may be used to provide real-time population mobility data and information on the impact of restrictions on such mobility.

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

Art, Idleness and Food: The Ethics of War Communism and the Origins of Production Art, 1918–1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Theory Of Production

The article examines the impact of the discourses concerning idleness and food on the formation of “production art” in the socio-political context of revolutionary Petrograd. The author argues that the development of the theory and practice of this early productionism was closely related to the larger political, social and ideological processes in the city. The Futurists, who were in the epicenter of Petrograd politics during the Civil War (1918–1921), were well acquainted with both of the discourses mentioned, and they contrasted the idleness of the old art with the dedicated labor of the “artist-proletarians” whom they valued as highly as people in the “traditional” working professions. And the search for the “right to exist” became the most important goal in a starving city dominated by the ideology of radical communism. The author departs from the prevailing approach in the literature, which links the artistic thought of the Futurists to Soviet ideology in its abstract, generalized form, and instead elucidates ideological influences in order to consider the early production texts in their immediate social and political contexts. The article shows that the basic concepts of production art (“artist-proletarian,” “creative labor,” etc.) were part of the mainstream trends in the politics of “red Petrograd.” The Futurists borrowed the popular notion of the “commune” for the title of their main newspaper but also worked with the Committees of the Rural Poor and with the state institutions for procurement and distribution. They took an active part in the Fine Art Department of Narkompros (People’s Commissariat of Education). The theory of production art was created under these conditions. The individualistic protest and “aesthetic terror” of pre-revolutionary Futurism had to be reconsidered, and new state policy measures were based on them. The harsh socio-economic context of war communism prompted artists to rethink their own role in the “impending commune.” Further development of these ideas led to the Constructivist movement and strongly influenced the extremely diverse trends within the “left art” of the 1920s.

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