scholarly journals Fatty Acid-Inducible Part/ANGPTL4 Regulates Lipid Oxidation Response to Gelsemium Elegans Alkaloids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wu ◽  
Li-Li Wang ◽  
Xing-ping Hu ◽  
Shiyu Song ◽  
Na-Jiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Abstract Background：The Gelsemium elegans alkaloids have been used in animal feed additives and already achieved terrific results in the pig’s gut health and weight gain. A series of studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms by which it improves gut health and promotes growth. However, hardly any research has been done in the metabolic changes G. elegans alkaloids elicit in pork muscle. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase-mediated plasma triglyceride clearance, is transcribed at a higher rate relative to others in G. elegans alkaloids non-feeding muscle than in G. elegans alkaloids feeding muscle.Methods：A total of 24 muscle tissues and corresponding blood samples were collected from pigs and Target RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions. Histological and immunofluorescence analysis combined with Western blot analysis were utilized to further explore the possible mechanism of ANGPTL4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPARD).Results： This phenomenon results from that ANGPTL4 in G. elegans alkaloids non-feeding muscle is mediated by elevated plasma free fatty acids via PPARD, presumably leading to reduced local uptake of plasma triglyceride-derived fatty acids and their sparing for use by feeding with G. elegans alkaloids. In contrast, the transcription of ANGPTL4 in G. elegans alkaloids feeding muscle likely is counteracted via lipoprotein lipase(LPL)-mediated negative-regulation, promoting the use of plasma triglycerides as fuel for active muscles. Conclusion：The experimental result indicates that the muscle and the local regulation of ANGPTL4 via PPARD and LPL have critical roles in governing lipid homeostasis during the feeding process of pigs and will shed light on the molecular mechanism discovered by G. elegans alkaloids.

scholarly journals Polymorphism and Human Health

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin He
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Pro12ala Polymorphism ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR) is an important transcription factor regulating adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. Numerous genetic mutations of PPAR have been identified and these mutations positively or negatively regulate insulin sensitivity. Among these, a relatively common polymorphism of PPAR, Pro12Ala of PPAR2, the isoform expressed only in adipose tissue has been shown to be associated with lower body mass index, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and resistance to the risk of type 2 diabetes in human subjects carrying this mutation. Subsequent studies in different ethnic populations, however, have revealed conflicting results, suggesting a complex interaction between the PPAR2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and environmental factors such as the ratio of dietary unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and/or between the PPAR2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and genetic factors such as polymorphic mutations in other genes. In addition, this polymorphic mutation in PPAR2 is associated with other aspects of human diseases, including cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer disease and aging. This review will highlight findings from recent studies.

scholarly journals Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α on the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in goat mammary epithelial cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibin Tian ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Hengbo Shi ◽  
Xiaoying Chen ◽  
Jiao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells

Abstract A key member of the nuclear receptor superfamily is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) isoform, which in nonruminants is closely associated with fatty acid oxidation. Whether PPARA plays a role in milk fatty acid synthesis in ruminants is unknown. The main objective of the present study was to use primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) to activate PPARA via the agonist WY-14643 (WY) or to silence it via transfection of small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Three copies of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) contained in a luciferase reporter vector were transfected into GMEC followed by incubation with WY at 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, or 100 µM. A dose of 50 µM WY was most effective at activating PPRE without influencing PPARA mRNA abundance. Transfecting siRNA targeting PPARA decreased its mRNA abundance to 20% and protein level to 50% of basal levels. Use of WY upregulated FASN, SCD1, ACSL1, DGAT1, FABP4, and CD36 (1.1-, 1.5-, 2-, 1.4-, 1.5-, and 5-fold, respectively), but downregulated DGAT2 and PGC1A (−20% and −40%, respectively) abundance. In contrast, triacylglycerol concentration decreased and the content and desaturation index of C16:1 and C18:1 increased. Thus, activation of PPARA via WY appeared to channel fatty acids away from esterification. Knockdown of PPARA via siRNA downregulated ACACA, SCD1, AGPAT6, CD36, HSL, and SREBF1 (−43%, −67%, −16%, −56%, −26%, and −29%, respectively), but upregulated ACSL1, DGAT2, FABP3, and PGC1A (2-, 1.4-, 1.3-, and 2.5-fold, respectively) mRNA abundance. A decrease in the content and desaturation index of C16:1 and C18:1 coupled with an increase in triacylglycerol content accompanied those effects at the mRNA level. Overall, data suggest that PPARA could promote the synthesis of MUFA in GMEC through its effects on mRNA abundance of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, transport, and triacylglycerol synthesis.

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Mediators of the Activation of Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha by a Fungal Lipid Extract

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Maheshwari ◽  
Robert Ringseis ◽  
Gaiping Wen ◽  
Denise K. Gessner ◽  
Johanna Rost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Reporter Gene Assay ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Branched Chain

The study aimed to test the hypothesis that monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and a lipid extract of Conidiobolus heterosporus (CHLE), rich in monomethyl BCFAs, are able to activate the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Rat Fao cells were incubated with the monomethyl BCFAs 12-methyltridecanoic acid (MTriA), 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (MTA), isopalmitic acid (IPA) and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (MHD), and the direct activation of PPARalpha was evaluated by reporter gene assay using a PPARalpha responsive reporter gene. Furthermore, Fao cells were incubated with different concentrations of the CHLE and PPARalpha activation was also evaluated by using the reporter gene assay, and by determining the mRNA concentrations of selected PPARalpha target genes by real-time RT-PCR. The reporter gene assay revealed that IPA and the CHLE, but not MTriA, MHD and MTA, activate the PPARalpha responsive reporter gene. CHLE dose-dependently increased mRNA concentrations of the PPARalpha target genes acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX1), cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP4A1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/carnitine transporter), member 5 (SLC22A5). In conclusion, the monomethyl BCFA IPA is a potent PPARalpha activator. CHLE activates PPARalpha-dependent gene expression in Fao cells, an effect that is possibly mediated by IPA.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta: A Conserved Director of Lipid Homeostasis through Regulation of the Oxidative Capacity of Muscle

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter de Lange ◽  
Assunta Lombardi ◽  
Elena Silvestri ◽  
Fernando Goglia ◽  
Antonia Lanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Action

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are ligand-inducible transcription factors expressed in a variety of tissues, have been shown to perform key roles in lipid homeostasis. In physiological situations such as fasting and physical exercise, one PPAR subtype, PPARδ, triggers a transcriptional program in skeletal muscle leading to a switch in fuel usage from glucose/fatty acids to solely fatty acids, thereby drastically increasing its oxidative capacity. The metabolic action of PPARδ has also been verified in humans. In addition, it has become clear that the action of PPARδ is not restricted to skeletal muscle. Indeed, PPARδ has been shown to play a crucial role in whole-body lipid homeostasis as well as in insulin sensitivity, and it is active not only in skeletal muscle (as an activator of fat burning) but also in the liver (where it can activate glycolysis/lipogenesis, with the produced fat being oxidized in muscle) and in the adipose tissue (by incrementing lipolysis). The main aim of this review is to highlight the central role for activated PPARδ in the reversal of any tendency toward the development of insulin resistance.

Immunomodulatory Role of PPAR-γ in Alveolar Macrophages

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju C. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli

The lung is constantly exposed to inhaled pathogens and toxins yet totally dependent on the integrity of a delicate alveolar-capillary interface for its function. Much of the balance between protection and collateral damage rests on the alveolar macrophage, which not only phagocytoses inhaled particles but also modulates the activity of both innate and acquired immune systems to limit unnecessary or exuberant inflammation. In its resting state, the alveolar macrophage secretes anti-inflammatory mediators while limiting antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system. The alveolar macrophage's state of activation is regulated by a variety of factors, including the activity of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists reduce the ability of inflammatory stimuli to activate the alveolar macrophage while simultaneously stimulating phagocytosis of both opsonized and unopsonized particles, via the Fcγ and CD36 receptors, respectively. All known endogenous PPAR-γ ligands are fatty acid derivatives, and macrophage-specific knockout of the enzyme that converts esterified fatty acids to free fatty acids results in severe lung inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression is reduced in alveolar macrophages from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and alveolar proteinosis, suggesting that the deficiency may play a role in pathogenesis of these diseases. In summary, these observations point to PPAR-γ in the context of the alveolar macrophage as a crucial factor in limiting excessive and possibly injurious inflammation in the lung.

scholarly journals Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) deficiency leads to dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by fatty acids and insulin

2002 ◽  
Vol 364 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. SUGDEN ◽  
Karen BULMER ◽  
Geoffrey F. GIBBONS ◽  
Brian L. KNIGHT ◽  
Mark J. HOLNESS
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

The aim of the present study was to determine whether peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) deficiency disrupts the normal regulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, hepatic lipogenesis and glycogenesis by fatty acids and insulin using PPARα-null mice. In wild-type mice, hepatic TAG concentrations increased (P<0.01) with fasting (24h), with substantial reversal after refeeding (6h). Hepatic TAG levels in fed PPARα-null mice were 2.4-fold higher than in the wild-type (P<0.05), increased with fasting, but remained elevated after refeeding. PPARα deficiency also impaired hepatic glycogen repletion (P<0.001), despite normal insulin and glucose levels after refeeding. Higher levels of plasma insulin were required to support similar levels of hepatic lipogenesis de novo (3H2O incorporation) in the PPARα-null mice compared with the wild-type. This difference was reflected by corresponding changes in the relationship between plasma insulin and the mRNA expression of the lipogenic transcription factor sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c, and that of one of its known targets, fatty acid synthase. In wild-type mice, hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 4 protein expression (a downstream marker of altered fatty acid catabolism) increased (P<0.01) in response to fasting, with suppression (P<0.001) by refeeding. Although PDK4 up-regulation after fasting was halved by PPARα deficiency, PDK4 suppression after refeeding was attenuated. In summary, PPARα deficiency leads to accumulation of hepatic TAG and elicits dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, emphasizing the importance of precise control of lipid oxidation for hepatic fuel homoeostasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document