scholarly journals A survey on knowledge and attitudes towards molar-Incisor hypomineralization among undergraduate and postgraduate students in School of Stomatology, Wuhan University

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchen Liu ◽  
Miao He
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Abstract Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental dental disease, and its clinical management challenges dentists. The study aimed to investigate the knowledge about MIH and attitudes towards learning more about MIH among undergraduate and postgraduate students in the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University.Methods: This survey was based on a questionnaire, modified based on previous studies. The questionnaire was sent to 540 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University. Questions covered clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management, and preferences for further training. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square test.Results: We collected 368 questionnaires (response rate: 68%). Among those, 89% (328/368) were eligible for analysis. Most respondents (80%) had heard of MIH, primarily from classroom teaching. However, only 40% of the students had observed the disease clinically, and a relatively low proportion of students were familiar with the etiology, incidence, differential diagnosis, and treatment of MIH. Most respondents were highly enthusiastic and had high expectations about further systematic teaching about MIH.Conclusion: Most students in this study had heard of MIH, but few were familiar with the principles of diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Systematic teaching about MIH is warranted.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Delirium Detection and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Erica Husser ◽  
Diane Berish ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
Marie Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Delirium is a serious and potentially life-threatening problem, but it remains clinically under-recognized. Various factors contribute to this under-recognition, including limited understanding of delirium, insufficient training and application of delirium assessments, potential stigma for the patient and increased workload for the clinician. As a part of an NIH funded study testing a rapid two-step delirium identification protocol at two hospitals in the U.S. (one urban and one rural), clinicians completed a 12-item survey to assess their knowledge and attitudes about delirium and their confidence in preventing and managing delirium. Survey response options followed a 5-point rating scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree). The sample for this analysis included 399 clinicians (MDs=53; RNs=235; CNAs=111). Chi-square was used to test for group differences between clinician types. Less than half of the clinicians reported agreeing with the statement, “delirium is largely preventable” (MDs: 47%; RN: 44%; CNA: 41%, p-value=0.021). MDs and RNs indicated a high level of confidence in recognizing delirium while CNAs endorsed lower levels of confidence (MDs: 87%; RN: 81%; CNA: 65%, p-value=0.001). All types of clinicians reported lower confidence in managing delirium (MDs: 29%; RN: 36%; CNA: 44%, p-value=0.117). 47% of CNAs and 37% of RNs agreed there is a need for additional training in caring for persons with delirium while only 21% of MDs agreed (p = 0.031). Understanding how different types of clinicians think and feel about delirium will inform training and communication initiatives, clinical implementation, and research on best practices for delirium identification and management.

scholarly journals Differential Diagnosis of Azoospermia in Men with Infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Danilo L. Andrade ◽  
Marina C. Viana ◽  
Sandro C. Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Nonobstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Detailed Medical History

The differential diagnosis between obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia is the first step in the clinical management of azoospermic patients with infertility. It includes a detailed medical history and physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal assessment, genetic tests, and imaging studies. A testicular biopsy is reserved for the cases of doubt, mainly in patients whose history, physical examination, and endocrine analysis are inconclusive. The latter should be combined with sperm extraction for possible sperm cryopreservation. We present a detailed analysis on how to make the azoospermia differential diagnosis and discuss three clinical cases where the differential diagnosis was challenging. A coordinated effort involving reproductive urologists/andrologists, geneticists, pathologists, and embryologists will offer the best diagnostic path for men with azoospermia.

Use of Library Resources and Services at Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women, Hyderabad: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
N. C. H. Varadaraju .
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
College Of Engineering ◽  
College Library

Engineering college libraries play an important role in imparting quality education to the undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers of engineering. This study aimed at frequency of library usage, the extent of use of library resources and services by the students and faculty. The level of satisfaction against library resources and service, the problems faced while using the library resources and services. A questionnaire was randomly given to 100 students and faculty of the college. A total of 92 filled in questionnaires returned to researcher. i.e. the response rate is 92%. It is suggested that college library should take initiative to counter problems expressed by users to provide effective and efficient library and information services to the clientele and it would in turn help faculty, students.

Correlation between Listening Anxiety and Listening Strategies of Chinese Postgraduate Students of Science and Engineering: A Case Study at SUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Listening Anxiety ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Listening Proficiency ◽  
Listening Strategies

<p>English listening is one of the five basic skills such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation that a Chinese postgraduate should acquire, and it is also the most significant one. In this study, 194 first-year postgraduate students at Shanghai University of Engineering Science were invited to report their strategies use and listening anxiety in the questionnaire with the 5-Likert Indirect Foreign Language Listening Strategies Scale and the 5-Likert Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale. The SPSS13.0 was used to analyze the descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA, which indicated a medium listening anxiety and a medium level of strategies use. Metacognitive strategies were more frequently used than social and affective strategies, the correlation between listening proficiency and listening anxiety was significantly negative, correlation between listening proficiency and indirect listening strategies was significantly positive, and that between indirect listening strategies and listening anxiety was significantly negative. Indirect listening strategies were useful to allay listening anxiety and would be incorporated into our normal classroom teaching.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges of Nigerian Accounting Postgraduate Students in Taking up Stance in Ph.D. Theses in Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Sani Yantandu Uba ◽  
Julius Irudayasamy ◽  
Carmel Antonette Hankins
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Nigerian University

This paper investigates the use of stance linguistic features in accounting Ph.D. theses in a Nigerian university. We adopted a mixed-methods approach by combining a textual analysis of the theses and explored the context of writing of the participants similar to Swale’s textography approach. We compiled three corpora: Bayero University corpus of six accounting Ph.D. theses (BUK corpus); a United Kingdom corpus of six accounting PhD theses (UK corpus) and a corpus of eleven journal articles of accounting (JAA corpus). The results of textual analysis indicate that there is a higher frequency of hedges in all the three corpora than other stance features, followed by boosters, then attitudinal markers, and explicit self-mention features. One striking finding from the BUK corpus is that the authors are rarely used self-mention features compared to authors from other two corpora. However, the result of the chi-square indicates that the differences among the three corpora’s use of stance features are insignificant. The contextual data suggests that non-teaching of English for specific purposes and the traditional practices of Bayero University might be some of the possible factors that constrained authors’ use of stance linguistic features. We recommend introduction of teaching English for specific purposes on postgraduate programmes in Nigerian universities.

scholarly journals Automatic Sequence-Based Network for Lung Diseases Detection in Chest CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkui Hao ◽  
Jianyang Xie ◽  
Ri Liu ◽  
Huaying Hao ◽  
Yuhui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Automatic Sequence

ObjectiveTo develop an accurate and rapid computed tomography (CT)-based interpretable AI system for the diagnosis of lung diseases.BackgroundMost existing AI systems only focus on viral pneumonia (e.g., COVID-19), specifically, ignoring other similar lung diseases: e.g., bacterial pneumonia (BP), which should also be detected during CT screening. In this paper, we propose a unified sequence-based pneumonia classification network, called SLP-Net, which utilizes consecutiveness information for the differential diagnosis of viral pneumonia (VP), BP, and normal control cases from chest CT volumes.MethodsConsidering consecutive images of a CT volume as a time sequence input, compared with previous 2D slice-based or 3D volume-based methods, our SLP-Net can effectively use the spatial information and does not need a large amount of training data to avoid overfitting. Specifically, sequential convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with multi-scale receptive fields are first utilized to extract a set of higher-level representations, which are then fed into a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) module to construct axial dimensional feature maps. A novel adaptive-weighted cross-entropy loss (ACE) is introduced to optimize the output of the SLP-Net with a view to ensuring that as many valid features from the previous images as possible are encoded into the later CT image. In addition, we employ sequence attention maps for auxiliary classification to enhance the confidence level of the results and produce a case-level prediction.ResultsFor evaluation, we constructed a dataset of 258 chest CT volumes with 153 VP, 42 BP, and 63 normal control cases, for a total of 43,421 slices. We implemented a comprehensive comparison between our SLP-Net and several state-of-the-art methods across the dataset. Our proposed method obtained significant performance without a large amount of data, outperformed other slice-based and volume-based approaches. The superior evaluation performance achieved in the classification experiments demonstrated the ability of our model in the differential diagnosis of VP, BP and normal cases.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF MOLAR INSISORHYPOMINERALIZATION OF CHILDREN IN MALAPPURAM, KERALA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 922-928
Author(s):  
Joby Peter ◽  
Vijai S. ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Anaswara a ◽  
Hannath Beevi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
European Meeting ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Detailed Questionnaire

Background:Molar incisor hypo mineralization is the hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars, frequently associated with affected incisors. The prevalence rates vary from 2.4 to 40.2%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the possible etiological factors of Molar incisor hypo mineralization in 6 – 12 year old children of Malappuram district, kerala, India. Methods: A total of 2000 (808?males and 1092?females), 6-12 year-old children were examined who had their first permanent molar and incisors evaluated using the criteria for molar incisor hypomineralization described in the European meeting held in Athens in 2003.The potential aetiological factors were retrieved through detailed questionnaire supplemented with interviews and with medical histories provided by the schools. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-Square test. Results: A total of 135 children were diagnosed Molar incisor hypomineralization with representing an overall prevalence of 6.75% Conclusion: Although the reason is not completely known, MIH is thought to occur as a result of the multifactorial reasons during the childs prenatal term or systemic diseases and malnutrition during the childs first 3 years of age.

Abstract 17385: CPR Education in High-need Schools to Increase Student Knowledge and Comfort Performing CPR

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Heard ◽  
Comilla Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Cpr Training

Introduction: Low-income neighborhoods are important targets for CPR trainings as they typically have high incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and low prevalence of bystander CPR. Training middle school students in these neighborhoods is a novel intervention to increase CPR awareness. Objective: Conduct a school-based CPR intervention using classroom teachers as facilitators at 1131 middle schools across the United States with a high proportion of students from lower-income families. Methods: Population: 1131 public middle and high schools in 34 states (including the District of Columbia) were selected for the 2014-2015 school year to participate based on close proximity to sponsor’s U.S. store locations and 50% or more student eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch. Intervention: Participants completed a pre-test survey to assess baseline knowledge of CPR and comfort performing CPR. A classroom Hands-Only CPR training lasting one class period was conducted with the CPR in Schools Training Kit™, which includes an educational DVD, 10 manikins and resources for any classroom teacher to conduct trainings. Participants then completed post-training knowledge and comfort survey. McNemar’s tests on paired data and chi square and t-tests on aggregated unpaired data were conducted to assess for differences in CPR knowledge and comfort performing CPR pre- and post-training. Results: Training data were returned by 563 (49.8%) participating schools training a total of 150,409 students in Hands-Only CPR. Using a sample of returned data, the mean number of questions answered correctly on CPR knowledge increased from 2.5 to 4.2 (out of 5). The majority of participants (75.8%) felt comfortable performing Hands-Only CPR after the intervention. Conclusion: A total of 150,409 students from 563 schools were trained in Hands-Only CPR (average 267 students/CPR in Schools Training Kit). At $625 per CPR in Schools Training Kit (with 10 manikins and materials), training cost $4.70 for each student trained. Participants demonstrated increased knowledge of and comfort performing CPR. The CPR in Schools Training Kit is a low cost and promising method for increasing bystander CPR awareness in the student population in low-income neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Upholding heightened expectations of Indigenous children? Parents do, teachers do not

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Huw Peacock ◽  
Jacob Prehn ◽  
Michael A. Guerzoni ◽  
Wendy Aitken ◽  
Clair Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Primary Caregiver ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Biological Fathers

Abstract This paper argues that a component of increasing the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and youths completing their secondary education is having parents and teachers maintain heightened expectations of these children in achieving this goal. To understand this phenomenon, we investigate the importance of, and discrepancies between, primary caregiver and teacher outlooks regarding Indigenous youths completing year 12. For the purpose of this paper, we adopt the term ‘primary caregiver’ in place of parent. This is because the majority (87.7%) of P1s analysed are the biological mothers with the remainder being close female relatives. P2s analysed are all male, 93.3% are biological fathers; remainder are step-fathers or adoptive fathers. This paper uses quantitative data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children to measure expectations from parents and teachers of Indigenous children. Results suggest that parents maintain exceptionally high expectations of their children, while teacher's expectations significantly decline over the course of Indigenous children's primary and secondary schooling years. We suggest that relationships and communication between parents and teachers, regarding expectations of students, are important to establishing an equilibrium in expectations of children, and that teachers may benefit from further training to address any underlying biases towards Indigenous children.

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