Screening of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in 50 to 60-year-old female smokers: a pilot study

The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is around 2–3% in the general population. We hypothesized that the prevalence of small UIAs is higher among 50 to 60-year-old female smokers, since the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is exceptionally high in 60 to 70-year-old female smokers. Ethics approval for this pilot study of 50 women was obtained from the hospital ethics committee. In order to minimize recruitment bias, preliminary invitation letters were sent to 50 to 60-year-old women who were known to be active smokers. Those interested in participating were further informed about the study rationale and protocol. Following written consent, participants filled a detailed questionnaire and underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) analysis. All abnormalities were recorded. Of the 158 preliminary invitation letters, 70 potential participants initially replied. Of these, 50 returned questionnaires and written consents, 43 of which underwent CTA analysis. Most (39; 91%) were postmenopausal, and 9 (21%) were hypertensive. Two reported a family history (≥ 1 first-degree members) of intracranial aneurysms. UIAs (maximum sizes of 2, 2, 3, 3 and 7 mm) were found in five (12%) female smokers. One woman was operated on, and the remaining four were treated with non-invasive preventive actions (smoking cessation and follow-ups). Small UIAs, which may be best suited for non-invasive preventive actions, may be relatively common in 50 to 60-year-old female smokers. Whether this kind of targeted screening leads to improved health in female smokers requires further investigation.

An Economic Analysis of the Handicraft Industry in District Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study carries out an economic analysis of the handicraft industry located in the surrounding of Gol National Park, District Chitral. For this purpose, primary data has been collected through a detailed questionnaire and interview schedule from 60 respondents consisting of 40 local producers, 10 retailers and 10 customers during October, 2019. For the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, correlation and ordinary least square techniques are used. The findings show that the weekly cost, revenue and profit of the 27 selected embroidery producers are Rs.251300, Rs.432990 and Rs.181690 respectively. Similarly, the total weekly cost, revenue and profit of 13 selected woodenware producers are Rs. 496200, Rs. 647000 Rs.150800 respectively. Similarly, a single retailer (on average) per month revenue from handicraft products is around Rs. 51600 and his/her products per day demand is approximately eight (8) items. The findings also reveal that total household income and spending on education are positively related with the profit and revenue. And cost on material and average sale are positively related with per unit cost. These findings suggest that effective policies are required for the promotion of handicraft industry which will reduce poverty and improve the socio-economic status of the handicraft producers in District Chitral.

Effect of wall covering materials on the perception of cafe environments

Purpose This study aims to determine the effects of wall covering materials (wood, concrete and metal) used indoors on participants’ perceptual evaluations. The differences among participants’ perceptual evaluations regarding indoor physical environmental factors by occupation and gender were examined. Design/methodology/approach Cafes were selected as research environments. Virtual experimental spaces using three different wall covering materials were modelled and participants’ assessment of the physical environmental factors of these virtual spaces was measured through a detailed questionnaire. Findings Cafes using light-coloured wall covering materials were perceived more favourably than cafes using dark-coloured wall covering materials, and cafes with light-coloured wooden wall coverings were considered as a warmer material than cafes using concrete and metal. Participants who received design education (architect, interior architect) perceived physical environmental factors of cafes more negatively than those who did not receive design education (lawyer, economist, accountant, etc.). Male participants evaluated the physical environmental factors of cafes more positively than female participants for all adjective pairs. Except for two adjective pairs, no significant difference was found among the evaluations according to genders for the other adjective pairs. Originality/value This study revealed new results about customers’ choices of wall covering materials and offered designers new alternatives for materials that can be used in the design of cafes.

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and their Underlying Factors amongst students of Islam Medical College, Sialkot

Aim: To determine prevalence of refractive errors & underlying factors amongst students of Islam Medical College, Sialkot. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration: At Islam Medical College, Sialkot, from August to October 2019 Methods: Our study was descriptive cross sectional study, evaluated by the formulation of a detailed questionnaire, which was answered by all respondents. One hundred and fifty students doing MBBS were selected by simple random sampling. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS. Results: It was found out that refractive errors were present in 93 out of 150 (62%) medical students of Islam medical college. Prevalence of myopia (59.3%) was found to be the commonest type of refractive error (95.7% of those having refractive errors). On the same hand the possible underlying factors for causation of refractive errors were mainly found to be present in majority of the people having refractive errors. The greater number of the people responded about their feeling better after wearing spectacles. Conclusion: Arising from our this study; the significance of the prevalence of refractive errors especially myopia, the presence of possible underlying factors and the positive effect of wearing the spectacles, in the students of Islam Medical College Sialkot, has been highlighted. Keywords: Ametropes, Emmetropes, Medical students, prevalence, refractive errors, underlying factors,

Epidemiological study of ankle fractures

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with fractures in the ankle region. Methods: This prospective, observational, descriptive, and epidemiological study included ankle fractures treated at our service from March 1, 2017 to March 1, 2018. Data were obtained from 150 patients through a detailed questionnaire. Results: The sample, which included 61.33% men, aged mainly between 20 to 30 years; 46.68% were of mixed race, and 41.33% had only completed elementary school. A total of 33.66% of the ankle fractures occurred in the afternoon. According to the Weber classification system, 46.66% were type B fractures.Conclusion: Ankle fractures were more common in men of working age, and were mostly closed fractures in the right lower limb. Level of Evidence IV; Prognostic Studies; Case Series.

Pediatric Tuberculosis Disease during Years of High Refugee Arrivals: A 6-Year National Prospective Surveillance Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In Europe, surveillance and monitoring of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains important, particularly in the light of migration in recent years. The aim of the study was to evaluate incidence rates of childhood TB and detailed diagnostic pathways and treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data were collected through the Swiss Pediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU) from December 2013 to November 2019. Monthly ­notifications are obtained from the 33 pediatric hospitals in the SPSU, and a detailed questionnaire was sent out upon notification. Inclusion criteria were children and adolescents aged up to 15 years with culture- or molecular-confirmed TB disease or for whom a treatment with ≥3 antimycobacterial drugs had been initiated. Data were compared with age-matched notification data from the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 172 cases notified to SPSU, a detailed questionnaire was returned for 161 (93%) children, of which 139 met the inclusion criteria. Reasons for exclusion were age &#x3e;15 years, double reporting, and not fulfilling the criteria for TB disease. During the same time period, 172 pediatric TB cases were reported to the FOPH, resulting in an incidence of 2.1 per 100,000, ranging from 1.4 to 2.8 per year, without a clear trend over time. In the 64 (46.0%) foreign-born children, incidence rates were higher and peaked in 2016, with 13.7 per 100,000 (<i>p</i> = 0.018). The median interval between arrival in Switzerland and TB diagnosis was 5 (IQR 1–21) months, and 80% were diagnosed within 24 months of arrival. In 58% of the cases, TB disease was confirmed by culture or molecular assays. Age &#x3e;10 years, presence of fever, or weight loss were independent factors associated with confirmed TB. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The annual pediatric TB incidence rate only varied among foreign-born children and was highest in 2016 when refugee influx peaked in Europe. Importantly, most foreign-born children with TB were diagnosed within 2 years after arrival in Switzerland. Thus, the early period after arrival in Switzerland is associated with a higher risk of TB disease in children, and this should be considered for screening guidance in refugees.

Attitudes, practices, schedules, and triggers

This chapter discusses a detailed questionnaire study we carried out. The average number of circuits for respondents was over 120 times. Some have been doing the pilgrimage for sixty years and claim several hundred circuits. It discusses their motives, faith, and practices, and examines their economic circumstances, their attitudes towards other pilgrims, and issues of competition. They also commonly do other pilgrimages, often many times, and this suggests that pilgrimage in general (not just Shikoku) is their core life practice. The chapter also discusses schedules, speed, and how these relate to multiple performance, provides examples of people (commonly older men who have lost their spouses) who spend 300 days or more a year on the road as pilgrims, even into their eighties and nineties, and explores the idea of ‘triggers’ that lead people to become incessant pilgrims.

Screening of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in 50 to 60-year-old Female Smokers – a Pilot Study

Background: The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is around 2 to 3% in the general population. We hypothesized that the prevalence of small UIAs is higher among 50 to 60-year-old female smokers, since the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is exceptionally high in 60 to 70-year-old female smokers. Methods: Ethics approval for this pilot study of 50 women was obtained from the hospital ethics committee. In order to minimize recruitment bias, preliminary invitation letters were sent to 50 to 60-year-old women who were known to be active smokers. Those interested in participating were further informed about the study rationale and protocol. Following written consent, participants filled a detailed questionnaire and underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) analysis. All abnormalities were recorded. Results: Of the 158 preliminary invitation letters, 70 potential participants initially replied. Of these, 50 returned questionnaires and written consents, 43 of which underwent CTA analysis. Most (39; 91%) were postmenopausal, and 9 (21%) were hypertensive. Two reported a family history (≥ 1 first-degree members) of intracranial aneurysms. UIAs (maximum sizes of 2, 2, 3, 3 and 7 mm) were found in five (12%) female smokers. One woman was operated on, and the remaining four were treated with non-invasive preventive actions (smoking cessation and follow-ups). Conclusion: Small UIAs, which may be best suited for non-invasive preventive actions, may be relatively common in 50 to 60-year-old female smokers. Whether this kind of targeted screening leads to improved health in female smokers requires further investigation.

Subtitusi Kuning Telur dengan Tahu dalam Pembuatan Kue Pukis

This research will use the substitution knows as egg yolks because the know do not contain cholesterol. This research uses experimental methods 1 product control which is a cake which uses yellow egg Pukis 100% and 3 treatment products namely cakes using Pukis 30% Tofu, 60% Tofu, 90% Tofu. Data obtained by spreading detailed questionnaire to two groups, the first is a group of expert panelists as many as 5 people to know of the difference between the control and treatment of products product group, the panelists are not trained as many as 25 people to find out if it can be accepted by the community. The results obtained through the test anova is there is no noticeable difference in terms of texture, the taste, the smell, the color of the product control and treatment products. test your favorite product that is most preferred treatment 90% Tofu the value of 2.92, treatment 60% Tofu the value of 2.89, treatment of 30% with a value of 2.82, and control products with a value of 2.69. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan tahu sebagai subtitusi kuning telur karena tahu tidak mengandung kolesterol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental 1 produk kontrol yang merupakan kue Pukis yang menggunakan kuning telur 100% dan 3 produk perlakuan yaitu kue Pukis menggunakan 30% tahu, 60% tahu, 90% tahu. Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada 2 kelompok, yang pertama ialah kelompok panelis ahli sebanyak 5 orang untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan antara produk kontrol dan produk perlakuan, kelompok panelis tidak terlatih sebanyak 25 orang untuk mengetahui apakah dapat diterima oleh masyarakat awam. Hasil yang diperoleh melalui uji anova adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dari segi tekstur, rasa, aroma, warna dari produk kontrol dan produk perlakuan. uji kesukaan produk yang paling disukai adalah perlakuan 90% tahu dengan nilai 2,92, perlakuan 60% tahu dengan nilai 2.89, perlakuan 30% dengan nilai 2.82, dan produk kontrol dengan nilai 2.69.

Transradial versus transfemoral access for cardiac catheterization: a nationwide pilot study of training preferences and expertise in The United States

Background The objective was to assess current training preferences, expertise, and comfort with transfemoral access (TFA) and transradial access (TRA) amongst cardiovascular training fellows and teaching faculty in the United States. As TRA continues to dominate the field of interventional cardiology, there is a concern that trainees may become less proficient with the femoral approach. Methods A detailed questionnaire was sent out to academic General Cardiovascular and Interventional Cardiology training programs in the United States. Responses were sought from fellows-in-training and faculty regarding preferences and practice of TFA and TRA. Answers were analyzed for significant differences between trainees and trainers. Results A total of 125 respondents (75 fellows-in-training and 50 faculty) completed and returned the survey. The average grade of comfort for TFA, on a scale of 0 to 10 (10 being most comfortable), was reported to be 6 by fellows-in-training and 10 by teaching faculty (p < 0.001). TRA was the first preference in 95% of the fellows-in-training compared to 69% of teaching faculty (p 0.001). While 62% of fellows believed that they would receive the same level of training as their trainers by the time they graduate, only 35% of their trainers believed so (p 0.004). Conclusion The shift from TFA to radial first has resulted in significant concern among cardiovascular fellows-in training and the faculty regarding training in TFA. Cardiovascular training programs must be cognizant of this issue and should devise methods to assure optimal training of fellows in gaining TFA and managing femoral access-related complications.