scholarly journals Heightened facial muscle reactivity in preadolescent girls with pathological anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Cruz ◽  
Lisa E. Williams ◽  
Amy Cochran ◽  
Daniel R. McFarlin ◽  
Ned H. Kalin
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

Abstract Anticipatory anxiety and heightened responses to uncertainty are central features of anxiety disorders (ADs). We examined facial emotional responding in a sample of preadolescent girls with a range of anxiety symptoms: no/low anxiety (controls) to subthreshold anxiety (subthreshold-AD) to DSM-5 diagnoses of separation, social, and/or generalized ADs. Using a threat anticipation paradigm, we assessed how variations in image valence (negative vs. neutral) and image anticipation (uncertain vs. certain timing) impacted activity of the corrugator supercilii, a forehead muscle implicated in the ‘frown’ response that modulates to emotional stimuli (negative>neutral). Average corrugator magnitude and corrugator time-course were compared between groups. Findings demonstrate greater corrugator activity during anticipation and viewing of negative stimuli, with overall increased corrugator reactivity in subthreshold-AD and AD girls. Time-course analyses revealed anxiety-related sustained corrugator activity during uncertain anticipation of negative images. Results extend the physiological characterization of childhood pathological anxiety, highlighting the impact of subthreshold-AD symptoms.

scholarly journals It’s not over yet: The impact of worry on emotional recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380872092994
Author(s):  
Jayne Morriss ◽  
Nicolò Biagi ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Emotional Recovery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conductance Level

Emotional reactivity and recovery are crucial for maintaining well-being. It remains unknown, however, to what extent emotion modulates the time course of recovery assessed using a simple categorization task and how this varies based on individual differences in worry. To address these questions, 35 participants viewed emotional pictures, followed by abstract greeble targets, which were to be categorized. Greebles were presented between 100 ms and 4,000 ms after picture offset. Physiological measures including skin conductance level and the corrugator supercilii were recorded and served as indicators of responsivity to emotional pictures. Measures of reaction time (RT) and accuracy scores were taken as indicators of the impact of emotion on facilitation or interference to the greeble target. Effects of interference and facilitation were observed up to 4,000 ms after emotional pictures on RT and accuracy scores. High worry was associated with greater (1) corrugator supercilii and skin conductance level to negative versus positive and neutral pictures and (2) interference from emotional pictures on accuracy scores. Overall, these findings suggest that subsequent processing is still impacted up to 4,000 ms after the offset of emotional pictures, particularly for negative events in individuals with high worry.

scholarly journals The impact of PEPC phosphorylation on growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana : Molecular and physiological characterization of PEPC kinase mutants

FEBS Letters ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 583 (10) ◽  
pp. 1649-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Meimoun ◽  
Aurélie Gousset-Dupont ◽  
Bénédicte Lebouteiller ◽  
Françoise Ambard-Bretteville ◽  
Evelyne Besin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
The Impact

Facial Mimicry in Response to Song

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa P. Chan ◽  
Steven R. Livingstone ◽  
Frank A. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Facial Mimicry ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Muscle Region ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii Muscle ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Muscle Responses ◽  
Zygomaticus Major

We examined facial responses to audio-visual presentations of emotional singing. Although many studies have now found evidence for facial responses to emotional stimuli, most have involved static facial expressions and none have involved singing. Singing represents a dynamic ecologically valid emotional stimulus with unique demands on orofacial motion that are independent of emotion, related to pitch and linguistic production. Observers’ facial muscles were recorded with electromyography while they saw and heard recordings of a vocalist’s performance sung with different emotional intentions (happy, neutral, and sad). Audio-visual presentations successfully elicited facial mimicry in observers that were congruent with the performer’s intended emotions. Happy singing performances elicited increased activity in the zygomaticus major muscle region of observers, while sad performances evoked increased activity in the corrugator supercilii muscle region. These spontaneous facial muscle responses occurred within the first three seconds following onset of video presentation indicating that emotional nuances of singing performances can elicit dynamic facial responses from observers.

The Analyses of Learning Strategies in English as a Second Language: Theoretical Classification and Measurement Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Asti Gumartifa ◽  
◽  
Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact

Gaining English language learning effectively has been discussed all years long. Similarly, Learners have various troubles outcomes in the learning process. Creating a joyful and comfortable situation must be considered by learners. Thus, the implementation of effective learning strategies is certainly necessary for English learners. This descriptive study has two purposes: first, to introduce the classification and characterization of learning strategies such as; memory, cognitive, metacognitive, compensation, social, and affective strategies that are used by learners in the classroom and second, it provides some questionnaires item based on Strategy of Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 5.0 that can be used to examine the frequency of students’ learning strategies in the learning process. The summary of this study explains and discusses the researchers’ point of view on the impact of learning outcomes by learning strategies used. Finally, utilizing appropriate learning strategies are certainly beneficial for both teachers and learners to achieve the learning target effectively.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Clonal approaches to understanding the impact of mutations on hematologic disease development

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (13) ◽  
pp. 1436-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Nangalia ◽  
Emily Mitchell ◽  
Anthony R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Interrogation of hematopoietic tissue at the clonal level has a rich history spanning over 50 years, and has provided critical insights into both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Characterization of chromosomes identified some of the first genetic links to cancer with the discovery of chromosomal translocations in association with many hematological neoplasms. The unique accessibility of hematopoietic tissue and the ability to clonally expand hematopoietic progenitors in vitro has provided fundamental insights into the cellular hierarchy of normal hematopoiesis, as well as the functional impact of driver mutations in disease. Transplantation assays in murine models have enabled cellular assessment of the functional consequences of somatic mutations in vivo. Most recently, next-generation sequencing–based assays have shown great promise in allowing multi-“omic” characterization of single cells. Here, we review how clonal approaches have advanced our understanding of disease development, focusing on the acquisition of somatic mutations, clonal selection, driver mutation cooperation, and tumor evolution.

Molecular and physiological characterization of Arabidopsis‐Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pathosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengze Gao ◽  
Miting Wan ◽  
Liyun Yang ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Xiaojin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Physiological Characterization

scholarly journals Exploring the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Leisure Walking Based on the Demand of Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Yupei Jiang ◽  
Honghu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
The Impact

Leisure walking has been an important topic in space-time behavior and public health research. However, prior studies pay little attention to the integration and the characterization of diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking. This study constructs a theoretical framework of leisure walking behavior demands from three different dimensions and levels of activity participation, space-time opportunity, and health benefit. On this basis, through a face-to-face survey in Nanjing, China (N = 1168, 2017–2018 data), this study quantitatively analyzes the characteristics of leisure walking demands, as well as the impact of the built environment and individual factors on it. The results show that residents have a high demand for participation and health benefits of leisure walking. The residential neighborhood provides more space opportunities for leisure walking, but there is a certain constraint on the choice of walking time. Residential neighborhood with medium or large parks is more likely to satisfy residents’ demands for engaging in leisure walking and obtaining high health benefits, while neighborhood with a high density of walking paths tends to limit the satisfaction of demands for space opportunity and health benefit. For residents aged 36 and above, married, or retired, their diverse demands for leisure walking are more likely to be fulfilled, while those with high education, medium-high individual income, general and above health status, or children (<18 years) are less likely to be fulfilled. These finding that can have important implications for the healthy neighborhood by fully considering diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking behavior.

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