scholarly journals Web Accessibility Interventions for Citizens Living with Cognitive Impairment: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Flynn ◽  
Sara Gartland ◽  
Joe Cullen ◽  
Maria Ana Carneiro ◽  
Jose de Sousa Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Rapid Review

Abstract BackgroundThere is a clear and pressing need to understand the barriers to technology user experience, particularly in relation to people with cognitive disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent expansion of digital technologies associated with education, wellness and employment only makes the need to understand how people with cognitive disabilities interact with such technologies, within the naturalistic context of their lifeworld, increasingly urgent. Therefore a necessary first step is to develop a baseline understanding of the current state of web accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities. Thus, the purpose of this review is to conduct baseline research to understand the factors and processes that inhibit access to online content and services for people with cognitive impairments.MethodsThis systematic, rapid evidence assessment, review will employ a search strategy using defined terms within agreed search strings in the following databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ERIC and ProQuest. Internet searching through Google Scholar will be carried out as well as forward and backward tracking of citations from studies that are included in the review. All results, screening process results will be documented in tabular form and communicated in a PRISMA flow diagram. In addition, the research team consider it necessary to carry out a grey literature search due to the nature of the work being investigated. The expertise within the research team indicated that many programmes that support people with cognitive impairments do not formally report their work through academic dissemination pathways. Consequently it is intended that a grey literature search will be carried out to supplement that findings of study. In contrast to the focus on studies published in English for peer review returns, the grey literature search will actively seek out returns across all languages of the European Union.DiscussionThis rapid review protocol will focus on citizens ages 9 and up who live with cognitive impairment and establish a baseline for best practice in supporting web accessibility for people with cognitive impairments. It will achieve this by providing a time limited state-of-the-art evidence report, specific to the challenges people with cognitive impairment, that will help those involved in policy development, policy response initiatives and localised activity. It is intended that, depending on the outcome of the review process, additional opportunities for innovation and/or research may be communicated to relevant stakeholders and policy makers.Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been submitted to the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, and is currently under review. Reference No. 269245.

scholarly journals Modernizing Gender, Sex and Sexual Orientation Information Practices for Culturally Competent Care: A Rapid Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Davison ◽  
Roz Queen ◽  
Francis Lau ◽  
Marcy Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Information Practices ◽  
Orientation Information ◽  
And Gender

BACKGROUND Outdated gender, sex, and sexual orientation information practices in healthcare contribute to health inequities for sexual and gender minorities (SGM). Some governments, statistics organizations and healthcare services have developed and implemented modernized practices that support health equity for SGM. Extending the work of our research team, we conducted a rapid review of grey literature to explore information practices that support quality healthcare for SGM. OBJECTIVE To elucidate modern gender, sex and sexual orientation information practices from leading agencies for adaptation, adoption and application by healthcare providers and organizations seeking to redress outdate information practices that contribute to health inequities for SGM. METHODS We searched MEDLINE and Google from 2015 to 2020 with terms related to gender, sex, sexual orientation, and electronic health/medical records for English-language grey literature resources including government and non-governmental organization publications, whitepapers, data standards, toolkits, healthcare organization and health quality practice and policy guides, conference proceedings, unpublished academic work and statistical papers. Peer-reviewed journal articles were excluded, as were resources irrelevant to information practices. In addition to reviewed search results, we screened references sections of included articles for additional resources, and canvassed an working group of international topic experts for resources. Duplicates were eliminated. ATLAS.tiTM was used to support analysis. Themes and codes were developed through an iterative process of writing and discussion with the research team. RESULTS Twenty-six grey literature resources met the inclusion criteria. The overarching theme that emerged from the literature are the congruent behaviours, attitudes and policies that constitute SGM cultural competence: shared language with unambiguous definitions of GSSO concepts; welcoming and inclusive care environments and affirming practices to reduce barriers to access; healthcare policy that supports competent healthcare; and adoption of modernized GSSO information practices and EHR design requirements that address invisibility in health data. CONCLUSIONS Health equity for sex and gender minoritized people requires a holistic approach to systemic change that equips the agencies and agents in healthcare with the tools they need to cultivate modern attitudes, policies and practices with respect to sex and gender diversity that enable health equity. Adopting small but important changes to the language and terminology used to interact with SGM and their care records is a core requirement for institutionalizing SGM-competence in human and technical systems. Modern GSSO information practices both depend on and reinforce SGM-competency in healthcare.

P14.22 Quality indicators in neuro-oncology: modified Delphi process for the development of a quality indicator set for assessment of glioma care

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii42-ii42
Author(s):  
D J Vanhauwaert ◽  
H Pinson ◽  
H De Schutter ◽  
E Van Eycken ◽  
S De Vleeschouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Delphi Survey ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Oncological Care ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract BACKGROUND Quality Indicators (QIs) are important tools to assess the quality and variability of oncological care. However, their application in neuro-oncology is limited. The objective of this study was to develop a set of QIs for glioma, covering process and outcome indicators. METHODS First a systematic literature search was performed in peer-reviewed papers and grey literature to identify existing QIs in neuro-oncology and guidelines or recommendations that could be translated into new QIs. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) checklist and flow diagram were taken into account. The search strategy focused on diagnostics, treatment, follow-up and survival. For each (set of similar) recommendation(s) a QI was created that could easily be translated into a measurable proportion. Concordant QIs were rationalized to further reduce redundancy. Secondly a two round Delphi survey was organized amongst a multidisciplinary expert panel that was asked to score relevance for all proposed QIs. The panel consisted of neurosurgeons(4), radiation(3) and medical(3) oncologists, pathologists(3), radiologists(2), neurologists(1), nuclear medicine physicians(2) from university and non-university centers, and representatives of the Belgian Cancer Registry. RESULTS The conducted literature search in PubMed and Embase yielded 2392 abstracts. After screening and duplicate removal, 221 full text articles were assessed of which 79 were retained. In addition 28 references from the Grey literature were added. In total 240 recommendations and 30 QIs could be identified in this way. After translation of these recommendations into a measurable proportion, merging with the QIs found as such in the literature and rationalization, 148 QIs were presented to the expert panel. In the Delphi survey 15 of the 19 (79%) invited experts responded and eventually consensus was reached on 46 QIs that were considered relevant for the assessment of 6 different domains of neuro-oncological care: diagnosis and imaging (10), surgery (4), pathology (6), radio/chemotherapy (14), recurrence (5) and supportive treatment (7). CONCLUSION A set of 46 QIs grouped in 6 categories to assess the quality of care of glioma patients was developed. These QI’s are readily applicable dependent on the availability of population-based health care data

scholarly journals Rapid Evidence Assessment Protocol for the the Meta-analysis of Initiatives, Interventions and Programmes that Target Rural NEETs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Flynn ◽  
Veronica McCauley ◽  
Alen Mujcinovic ◽  
Vesela Radovic ◽  
Stefan Bojnec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Young People ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Rural Economies

Abstract Background The dependency of rural economies on agricultural practices for survival has been in decline for a number of years, seriously threatening rural communities sustainability. It is now evident that attracting young people into agricultural professions is proving difficult. As a consequence, policy measures that aim to enhance the likelihood of rural employment for young people or rural NEETs have been introduced in countries with the aim of reducing at-at-risk-poverty rates and supporting the long term viability of rural economies. The aim of this rapid review is to summarise the published literature reporting on the effectiveness of initiatives, interventions and programmes that target rural NEETs.Methods The following databases will be searched: Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ERIC and ProQuest. Internet searching through Google Scholar will also be carried out. The result of the search will be downloaded and saved to Mendeley. Informed by PRISMA guidelines, duplicates will be removed. The titles and abstracts of all remaining studies will be screened by at least two independent reviewers informed by the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Where a decision to include or exclude cannot be reached by the two independent reviewers an additional reviewer will adjudicate. All results, screening process results will be documented in tabular form and communicated in a PRISMA flow diagram.Discussion This rapid review protocol will provide a time limited state-of-the-art evidence report, specific to the challenges experienced by rural NEETs, that will help those involved in policy development, policy response initiatives and proximal implementation. It is intended that additional opportunities for innovation and/or research may be communicated to relevant stakeholders. Hence, they will be able to create a useful framework for embedding rural youth in the context of so needed structural transformation of rural communities.Systematic Review Registration This protocol has been submitted to the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, published, and assigned the following reference number: CRD42021236794.

scholarly journals Rapid Systematic Review Exploring Historical and Present Day National and International Governance during Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lowry ◽  
Henock Taddese ◽  
Leigh R. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
High Income ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Review Protocol

AbstractIntroductionPandemics have plagued mankind since records began, and while non-communicable disease pandemics are more common in high-income nations, infectious disease pandemics continue to affect all countries worldwide. To mitigate impact, national pandemic preparedness and response policies remain crucial. And in response to emerging pathogens of pandemic potential, public health policies must be both dynamic and adaptive. Yet, this process of policy change and adaptation remains opaque. Accordingly, this rapid systematic review will synthesise and analyse evaluative policy literature to develop a roadmap of policy changes that have occurred after each pandemic event, throughout both the 20th and 21st Century, in order to better inform future policy development.Methods and AnalysisA rapid systematic review will be conducted to assimilate and synthesise both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature that document the then current pandemic preparedness policy, and the subsequent changes to that policy, across high-, middle- and low-income countries. The rapid review will follow the PRISMA guidelines, and the literature search will be performed across five relevant databases, as well as various government websites to scan for grey literature. Articles will be screen against pre-agreed inclusion/ exclusion criteria, and data will be extracted using a pre-defined charting table.Ethics and DisseminationAll data rely on secondary, publicly available data sources; therefore no ethical clearance is required. Upon completion, the results of this study will be disseminated via the Imperial College London Community and published in an open access, peer-reviewed journal.Article SummaryStrengths and Limitations of this StudyThis systematic review protocol is the first to focus on a longitudinal analysis of pandemic preparedness policy development across low, middle and high income country settingsThis protocol and subsequent review benefit from increased transparency, a systematised strategy (PRISMA), and a reduction in the risk of bias, through publication in an open access journalThis review will also capture grey literature - studies published outside peer-reviewed journalsThis review protocol and methodology is not as robust as systematic reviews, therefore will lack some of the robustness often associated will classical systematic reviewsRegistration NumberOpen Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/VKA39

scholarly journals Measuring frailty in younger populations: a rapid review of evidence

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e047051
Author(s):  
Gemma F Spiers ◽  
Tafadzwa Patience Kunonga ◽  
Alex Hall ◽  
Fiona Beyer ◽  
Elisabeth Boulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesFrailty is typically assessed in older populations. Identifying frailty in adults aged under 60 years may also have value, if it supports the delivery of timely care. We sought to identify how frailty is measured in younger populations, including evidence of the impact on patient outcomes and care.DesignA rapid review of primary studies was conducted.Data sourcesFour databases, three sources of grey literature and reference lists of systematic reviews were searched in March 2020.Eligibility criteriaEligible studies measured frailty in populations aged under 60 years using experimental or observational designs, published after 2000 in English.Data extraction and synthesisRecords were screened against review criteria. Study data were extracted with 20% of records checked for accuracy by a second researcher. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach.ResultsWe identified 268 studies that measured frailty in samples that included people aged under 60 years. Of these, 85 studies reported evidence about measure validity. No measures were identified that were designed and validated to identify frailty exclusively in younger groups. However, in populations that included people aged over and under 60 years, cumulative deficit frailty indices, phenotype measures, the FRAIL Scale, the Liver Frailty Index and the Short Physical Performance Battery all demonstrated predictive validity for mortality and/or hospital admission. Evidence of criterion validity was rare. The extent to which measures possess validity across the younger adult age (18–59 years) spectrum was unclear. There was no evidence about the impact of measuring frailty in younger populations on patient outcomes and care.ConclusionsLimited evidence suggests that frailty measures have predictive validity in younger populations. Further research is needed to clarify the validity of measures across the adult age spectrum, and explore the utility of measuring frailty in younger groups.

Assessment of the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder with a picture encoding paradigm and methodological lessons learnt

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110085
Author(s):  
JZ Petersen ◽  
J Macoveanu ◽  
HL Kjærstad ◽  
GM Knudsen ◽  
LV Kessing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Fmri Study

Background: Mood disorders are often associated with persistent cognitive impairments. However, pro-cognitive treatments are essentially lacking. This is partially because of poor insight into the neurocircuitry abnormalities underlying these deficits and their change with illness progression. Aims: This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairments and neuronal change after mood episodes in remitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD) using a hippocampus-based picture encoding paradigm. Methods: Remitted patients with BD ( n=153) and healthy controls ( n=52) were assessed with neuropsychological tests and underwent fMRI while performing a strategic picture encoding task. A subgroup of patients ( n=43) were rescanned after 16 months. We conducted data-driven hierarchical cluster analysis of patients’ neuropsychological data and compared encoding-related neuronal activity between the resulting neurocognitive subgroups. For patients with follow-up data, effects of mood episodes were assessed by comparing encoding-related neuronal activity change in BD patients with and without episode(s). Results: Two neurocognitive subgroups were revealed: 91 patients displayed cognitive impairments while 62 patients were cognitively normal. No neuronal activity differences were observed between neurocognitive subgroups within the dorsal cognitive control network or hippocampus. However, exploratory whole-brain analysis revealed lower activity within a small region of middle temporal gyrus in impaired patients, which significantly correlated with poorer neuropsychological performance. No changes were observed in encoding-related neuronal activity or picture recall accuracy with the occurrence of mood episode(s) during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Memory encoding fMRI paradigms may not capture the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairment or effects of mood episodes.

scholarly journals What have we learned about COVID-19 volunteering in the UK? A rapid review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlan Mao ◽  
Maria Fernandes-Jesus ◽  
Evangelos Ntontis ◽  
John Drury
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Community engagement and volunteering are essential for the public response to COVID-19. Since March 2020 a large number of people in the UK have been regularly doing unpaid activities to benefit others besides their close relatives. Although most mutual aid groups emerged from local neighbourhoods and communities, official public institutions also fostered community volunteering, namely through the community champions scheme. By considering a broad definition of COVID-19 volunteering, this article describes a systematic review of the literature focused on one broad question: What have we learned about COVID-19 volunteering both at the UK national level and the more local community level? Methods A rapid review of the literature in peer-reviewed databases and grey literature was applied in our search, following the PRISMA principles. The search was conducted from 10 to 16 of October 2020, and sources were included on the basis of having been published between January and October 2020, focusing on COVID-19 and addressing community groups, volunteering groups, volunteers, or community champions in the UK. Results After initial screening, a total of 40 relevant sources were identified. From these, 27 were considered eligible. Findings suggest that food shopping and emotional support were the most common activities, but there were diverse models of organisation and coordination in COVID-19 volunteering. Additionally, community support groups seem to be adjusting their activities and scope of action to current needs and challenges. Volunteers were mostly women, middle-class, highly educated, and working-age people. Social networks and connections, local knowledge, and social trust were key dimensions associated with community organising and volunteering. Furthermore, despite the efforts of a few official public institutions and councils, there has been limited community engagement and collaboration with volunteering groups and other community-based organisations. Conclusions We identified important factors for fostering community engagement and COVID-19 volunteering as well as gaps in the current literature. We suggest that future research should be directed towards deepening knowledge on sustaining community engagement, collaboration and community participation over time, during and beyond this pandemic.

scholarly journals Effective Elements for Workplace Responses to Critical Incidents and Suicide: A Rapid Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4821
Author(s):  
Tania Pearce ◽  
Lyndal Bugeja ◽  
Sarah Wayland ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
And Training

Despite high rates of critical incidents (CIs) in working class occupations, there is a significant gap in our understanding of responses to these events. In this study, we aimed to inform a response training module by synthesising the key elements of pre-, during- and post-incident responses to CIs and suicide in the workplace. A rapid review identified studies on responses to CIs or suicide deaths in the workplace published between January 2015 and June 2020. A systematic search of six databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociology Collection, Academic Search and Business Search Complete) and grey literature was performed. Studies were excluded if the focus was on non-colleagues. Two reviewers independently conducted record screening, a review of the full text and assessed study quality. The existing evidence was synthesised and interventions were categorised using Haddon’s Matrix. Five studies were included, reporting on CIs across a range of workplace settings, including railways, factories, police and military, along with external critical response units. Overall, study quality was assessed as being poor. Most of the evidence focused on the pre-incident and post-incident stage. There is little evidence on responses to CIs in the workplace. Evidence-based education and training is necessary to establish organisational responses to assist with supporting workers exposed to workplace CIs.

scholarly journals Identifying enablers and barriers to referral, uptake and completion of lifestyle modification programmes: a rapid literature review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e045094
Author(s):  
Yvonne Zurynski ◽  
Carolynn Smith ◽  
Joyce Siette ◽  
Bróna Nic Giolla Easpaig ◽  
Mary Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
International Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Literature Reviews

ObjectiveTo identify current, policy-relevant evidence about barriers and enablers associated with referral, uptake and completion of lifestyle modification programmes (LMPs) for secondary prevention of chronic disease in adults.DesignA rapid review, co-designed with policymakers, of peer-reviewed and grey literature using a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched for relevant studies and literature reviews. Grey literature was identified through Advanced Google searching and targeted searching of international health departments’ and non-government organisations’ websites.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesDocuments published 2010–2020, from high-income countries, reporting on programmes that included referral of adults with chronic disease to an LMP by a health professional (HP).Data extraction and synthesisData from grey and peer-reviewed literature were extracted by two different reviewers. Extracted data were inductively coded around emergent themes. Regular meetings of the review group ensured consistency of study selection and synthesis.ResultsTwenty-nine documents were included: 14 grey literature, 11 empirical studies and four literature reviews. Key barriers to HPs referring patients included inadequate HP knowledge about LMPs, perceptions of poor effectiveness of LMPs and perceptions that referral to LMPs was not part of their role. Patient barriers to uptake and completion included poor accessibility and lack of support to engage with the LMPs. Enablers to HP referral included training/education, effective interdisciplinary communication and influential programme advocates. Support to engage with LMPs after HP referral, educational resources for family members and easy accessibility were key enablers to patient engagement with LMPs.ConclusionsFactors related to HPs’ ability and willingness to make referrals are important for the implementation of LMPs, and need to be coupled with support for patients to engage with programmes after referral. These factors should be addressed when implementing LMPs to maximise their impact.

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