scholarly journals Identifying enablers and barriers to referral, uptake and completion of lifestyle modification programmes: a rapid literature review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e045094
Author(s):  
Yvonne Zurynski ◽  
Carolynn Smith ◽  
Joyce Siette ◽  
Bróna Nic Giolla Easpaig ◽  
Mary Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
International Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Literature Reviews

ObjectiveTo identify current, policy-relevant evidence about barriers and enablers associated with referral, uptake and completion of lifestyle modification programmes (LMPs) for secondary prevention of chronic disease in adults.DesignA rapid review, co-designed with policymakers, of peer-reviewed and grey literature using a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched for relevant studies and literature reviews. Grey literature was identified through Advanced Google searching and targeted searching of international health departments’ and non-government organisations’ websites.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesDocuments published 2010–2020, from high-income countries, reporting on programmes that included referral of adults with chronic disease to an LMP by a health professional (HP).Data extraction and synthesisData from grey and peer-reviewed literature were extracted by two different reviewers. Extracted data were inductively coded around emergent themes. Regular meetings of the review group ensured consistency of study selection and synthesis.ResultsTwenty-nine documents were included: 14 grey literature, 11 empirical studies and four literature reviews. Key barriers to HPs referring patients included inadequate HP knowledge about LMPs, perceptions of poor effectiveness of LMPs and perceptions that referral to LMPs was not part of their role. Patient barriers to uptake and completion included poor accessibility and lack of support to engage with the LMPs. Enablers to HP referral included training/education, effective interdisciplinary communication and influential programme advocates. Support to engage with LMPs after HP referral, educational resources for family members and easy accessibility were key enablers to patient engagement with LMPs.ConclusionsFactors related to HPs’ ability and willingness to make referrals are important for the implementation of LMPs, and need to be coupled with support for patients to engage with programmes after referral. These factors should be addressed when implementing LMPs to maximise their impact.

scholarly journals Measuring frailty in younger populations: a rapid review of evidence

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e047051
Author(s):  
Gemma F Spiers ◽  
Tafadzwa Patience Kunonga ◽  
Alex Hall ◽  
Fiona Beyer ◽  
Elisabeth Boulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesFrailty is typically assessed in older populations. Identifying frailty in adults aged under 60 years may also have value, if it supports the delivery of timely care. We sought to identify how frailty is measured in younger populations, including evidence of the impact on patient outcomes and care.DesignA rapid review of primary studies was conducted.Data sourcesFour databases, three sources of grey literature and reference lists of systematic reviews were searched in March 2020.Eligibility criteriaEligible studies measured frailty in populations aged under 60 years using experimental or observational designs, published after 2000 in English.Data extraction and synthesisRecords were screened against review criteria. Study data were extracted with 20% of records checked for accuracy by a second researcher. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach.ResultsWe identified 268 studies that measured frailty in samples that included people aged under 60 years. Of these, 85 studies reported evidence about measure validity. No measures were identified that were designed and validated to identify frailty exclusively in younger groups. However, in populations that included people aged over and under 60 years, cumulative deficit frailty indices, phenotype measures, the FRAIL Scale, the Liver Frailty Index and the Short Physical Performance Battery all demonstrated predictive validity for mortality and/or hospital admission. Evidence of criterion validity was rare. The extent to which measures possess validity across the younger adult age (18–59 years) spectrum was unclear. There was no evidence about the impact of measuring frailty in younger populations on patient outcomes and care.ConclusionsLimited evidence suggests that frailty measures have predictive validity in younger populations. Further research is needed to clarify the validity of measures across the adult age spectrum, and explore the utility of measuring frailty in younger groups.

scholarly journals Is the introduction of violence and injury observatories associated with a reduction in violence-related injury in adult populations? A systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardil Jabar ◽  
Francisco Fong ◽  
Monica Chavira ◽  
Maria Teresa Cerqueira ◽  
Dylan Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to summarise the results from existing studies reporting on the effectiveness of the introduction of violence and injury observatories (VIOs).DesignThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Data sourcesWe searched multiple electronic databases including but not limited to PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Cochrane Collaboration, Campbell Collaboration and Web of Knowledge.Eligibility criteriaWe included non-randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, controlled before-and-after studies and cross-sectional studies. We sought to include studies performed in any country and published in any language. The primary outcome was homicide, while the secondary outcome was assault.Data extraction and synthesisWe searched a number of databases, supplemented by searches in grey literature including technical reports. Searches comprised studies from January 1990 to October 2018.ResultsOf 3105 potentially relevant unique citations from all literature searches, 3 empirical studies and 4 technical reports met our inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in the UK (n=3), Colombia (n=2), Brazil (n=1) and Uruguay (n=1). Subgroup analyses according to the two types of models implemented, the VIO and the injury surveillance system (ISS), provided evidence for an association between implementing the VIO model and a reduction in homicide count in high-violence settings (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.06; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.19; four studies), while the introduction of ISS showed significant results in reducing assault (IRR=0.80; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.91; three studies).ConclusionThis systematic review provides the best evidence available for the effectiveness of the introduction of VIOs and ISSs in reducing violence outcomes in adults in high-violence settings. The implementation of VIOs should be considered in high-violence communities where reduction in homicide rates is desired.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42014009818.

scholarly journals Sleep quality in the chronic stage of concussion is associated with poorer recovery: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205970022110208
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ludwig ◽  
Eryen Nelson ◽  
Prasanna Vaduvathiriyan ◽  
Michael A Rippee ◽  
Catherine Siengsukon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Prior Review

Background Recovery from a concussion varies based on a multitude of factors. One such factor is sleep disturbances. In our prior review, it was observed that in the acute phase, sleep disturbances are predictive of poor outcomes following a concussion. The literature gap remains on how sleep in the chronic phase of recovery affects outcomes. Objective To examine the association between sleep quality during the chronic stage of concussion and post-concussion outcomes. Literature Survey: Literature searches were performed during 1 July to 1 August 2019 in selected databases along with searching grey literature. Out of the 733 results, 702 references were reviewed after duplicate removal. Methods Three reviewers independently reviewed and consented on abstracts meeting eligibility criteria ( n = 35). The full-text articles were assessed independently by two reviewers. Consensus was achieved, leaving four articles. Relevant data from each study was extracted using a standard data-extraction table. Quality appraisal was conducted to assess potential bias and the quality of articles. Results One study included children (18–60 months) and three studies included adolescents and/or adults (ranging 12–35 years). The association between sleep and cognition (two studies), physical activity (one study), and emotion symptoms (one study) was examined. Sleep quality was associated with decreased cognition and emotional symptoms, but not with meeting physical activity guidelines six months post-concussion injury. Conclusions The heterogeneity in age of participants and outcomes across studies and limited number of included studies made interpretations difficult. Future studies may consider if addressing sleep quality following concussion will improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Safety and Effectiveness of Favipiravir for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Rapid Review of Available Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mobinizadeh ◽  
Morteza Arab-Zozani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
First Time

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Due to the lack of unified and integrated evidence for Favipiravir, this study was conducted to rapidly review the existing evidence to help evidence-based decision-making on the therapeutic potential of this drug in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Evidence Acquisition: This study is a rapid Health Technology Assessment (HTA). By searching pertinent databases, the research team collected relevant articles and tried to create a policy guide through a thematic approach. This rapid review was done in four steps: (1) Searching for evidence through databases; (2) screening the evidence considering eligibility criteria; (3) data extraction; and (4) analyzing the data through thematic analysis. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, four studies were finally found, including three review studies and a clinical trial that was temporarily removed by its publisher from the journal’s website. After searching the sources mentioned in the articles, two ongoing clinical trials were found in China. Also, by searching the clinical trial website, www.clinicaltrials.gov, five clinical trials were found in the search. The result of the search in the clinical trial registration system in Iran showed a study that is in the process of patient recruitment. A limited number of other articles were found, mostly in the form of reflections from physicians or researchers and letters to editors who have predicted the drug’s performance on SARS-CoV-2, which needs further clinical study to be approved. Conclusions: With the available evidence, it is not possible to make a definite conclusion about the safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal care pathways for adults with hip and knee pain referred for specialist opinion: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Button ◽  
Fiona Morgan ◽  
Alison Lesley Weightman ◽  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Care Pathways ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Musculoskeletal Care ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal care pathways are variable and inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for the clinical and/or cost effectiveness of current care pathways for adults with hip and/or knee pain referred for specialist opinion.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic database searches were carried out in MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PEDro, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central and Health Management Information Consortium without language restriction from 1990 onwards. Websites were reviewed for grey literature.Eligibility criteriaAll study designs and documents that considered care pathways for adults with musculoskeletal hip and/or knee pain referred for specialist opinion were screened by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for randomised controlled trials and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and quality assessment were performed by one reviewer and checked by a second. Findings are reported narratively.ResultsThe titles and abstracts of 1248 articles were screened and 140 full-text articles retrieved. 19 papers reporting 17 studies met the study inclusion criteria. Quality was low due to study design and methodological flaws. Most of the outcomes relate to organisational process at the ‘meso’ level of a whole systems approach.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the pathway is not linear, containing variations and activity loops. The available evidence suggests that, from the point of referral for specialist opinion, a model is required that integrates the skills of all the different healthcare professionals and streamlining is required to ensure that individuals are seen by the healthcare professional that best meets their needs. There is very limited evidence of patient experience informing knee and hip care pathways.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016035510.

scholarly journals Search for unpublished data by systematic reviewers: an audit

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedyeh Ziai ◽  
Rujun Zhang ◽  
An-Wen Chan ◽  
Nav Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Cochrane Database

ObjectivesWe audited a selection of systematic reviews published in 2013 and reported on the proportion of reviews that researched for unpublished data, included unpublished data in analysis and assessed for publication bias.DesignAudit of systematic reviews.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013 for the following journals:Journal of the American Medical Association,The British Medical Journal,Lancet,Annals of Internal Medicineand theCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We also searched the Cochrane Library and included 100 randomly selected Cochrane reviews.Eligibility criteriaSystematic reviews published in 2013 in the selected journals were included. Methodological reviews were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently reviewed each included systematic review. The following data were extracted: whether the review searched for grey literature or unpublished data, the sources searched, whether unpublished data were included in analysis, whether publication bias was assessed and whether there was evidence of publication bias.Main findings203 reviews were included for analysis. 36% (73/203) of studies did not describe any attempt to obtain unpublished studies or to search grey literature. 89% (116/130) of studies that sought unpublished data found them. 33% (68/203) of studies included an assessment of publication bias, and 40% (27/68) of these found evidence of publication bias.ConclusionA significant fraction of systematic reviews included in our study did not search for unpublished data. Publication bias may be present in almost half the published systematic reviews that assessed for it. Exclusion of unpublished data may lead to biased estimates of efficacy or safety in systematic reviews.

scholarly journals Digital media use among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e520101220916
Author(s):  
Juliana Cordeiro Carvalho ◽  
Gabriela Cabett Cipolli ◽  
Vanessa Alonso ◽  
Meire Cachioni
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Review Protocol

Objective: To identify the purpose of digital media use among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: The indexed literature published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be systematically searched on 7 databases; the references of studies included will be searched manually. Two authors will independently evaluate titles, abstracts and full-texts according to eligibility criteria. A customized data extraction form will be used to chart the data extracted from the studies. For consideration, studies must be in English, Portuguese or Spanish; involve older adults aged ≥ 55 years (or mean age 60 years); assess older adults who used digital media during the Covid-19 pandemic; be empirical studies with qualitative or quantitative data, have crosssectional or longitudinal design, be letters to the Editor and editorials, and be published between the end of 2019 and 2021. Results: Results will be charted in a table and accompanied by a narrative summary.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Messages for Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women: A Rapid Review of Peer-Reviewed Literature and Assessment of Research Translation of Media Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9341
Author(s):  
Tara Flemington ◽  
Gina La Hera-Fuentes ◽  
Michelle Bovill ◽  
Allison Hart ◽  
Jessica Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Promotion Campaigns

This review summarized literature about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women from Australia who smoke during pregnancy, then examined the extent that existing health promotion materials and media messages aligned with evidence on smoking cessation for pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant Aboriginal women who smoke tobacco were identified in the literature. Health promotion campaigns were retrieved from a grey literature search with keywords and social and professional networks. Key themes from peer-reviewed papers were compared against the content of health promotion campaigns using the Aboriginal Social and Emotional Wellbeing Model, the Behavior Change Wheel and thematic analysis. Eleven empirical studies and 17 campaigns were included. Empirical studies highlighted women sought holistic care that incorporated nicotine replacement therapy, engaged with their family and community and the potential for education about smoking cessation to empower a woman. Health promotion campaigns had a strong focus on ‘engagement with family and community’, ‘knowledge of risks of smoking,’ ‘giving up vs cutting down’ and ‘culture in language and arts’. There were similarities and variances in the key themes in the research evidence and promotion materials. Topics highly aligned included risks from smoking and quitting related issues.

scholarly journals ‘Communities are attempting to tackle the crisis’: a scoping review on community plans to prevent and reduce opioid-related harms

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Leece ◽  
Triti Khorasheh ◽  
Nimitha Paul ◽  
Sue Keller-Olaman ◽  
Susan Massarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Public Health Decision

ObjectivesWe sought to understand the implementation of multifaceted community plans to address opioid-related harms.DesignOur scoping review examined the extent of the literature on community plans to prevent and reduce opioid-related harms, characterise the key components, and identify gaps.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINHAL, SocINDEX and Academic Search Primer, and three search engines for English language peer-reviewed and grey literature from the past 10 years.Eligibility criteriaEligible records addressed opioid-related harms or overdose, used two or more intervention approaches (eg, prevention, treatment, harm reduction, enforcement and justice), involved two or more partners and occurred in an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development country.Data extraction and synthesisQualitative thematic and quantitative analysis was conducted on the charted data. Stakeholders were engaged through fourteen interviews, three focus groups and one workshop.ResultsWe identified 108 records that described 100 community plans in Canada and the USA; four had been evaluated. Most plans were provincially or state funded, led by public health and involved an average of seven partners. Commonly, plans used individual training to implement interventions. Actions focused on treatment and harm reduction, largely to increase access to addiction services and naloxone. Among specific groups, people in conflict with the law were addressed most frequently. Community plans typically engaged the public through in-person forums. Stakeholders identified three key implications to our findings: addressing equity and stigma-related barriers towards people with lived experience of substance use; improving data collection to facilitate evaluation; and enhancing community partnerships by involving people with lived experience of substance use.ConclusionCurrent understanding of the implementation and context of community opioid-related plans demonstrates a need for evaluation to advance the evidence base. Partnership with people who have lived experience of substance use is underdeveloped and may strengthen responsive public health decision making.

scholarly journals Gestão e Controlo da Asma em Países de Expressão Portuguesa

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Nunes ◽  
Ana Pinto de Oliveira ◽  
Aua Jamanca ◽  
Duarte Vital Brito ◽  
Nádia Mendes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Asthma affects more than 339 million people worldwide. In the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, in 2016, its prevalence ranged from 9.5% (Portugal) to 3.91% (Brazil). Chronic disease management programs aim to improve the health status of patients with chronic disease and reduce associated costs. The objective of this study is to identify models of asthma asthma ‘management and control’ that are that are implemented in the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), and analyse them through the integrated disease management model.Material and Methods: A rapid review of the PubMed indexed scientific literature and grey literature on ‘management and control of asthma’ in the countries of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries was carried out.Results: Portugal, Brazil and Mozambique presented publications on ‘management and control of asthma’, at different stages of implementation. Clinical management and organization and service delivery are the dimensions of integrated disease management mostaddressed in publications.Discussion: The implementation of asthma management and control programs is influenced by health systems, care delivery structures, and the surrounding political and social environment. The dimensions of funding and information systems are the most difficult to implement given the degree of economic, social and technological development of most countries under study.Conclusion: Only Portugal, Brazil and Mozambique adopted asthma integrated disease management as the main form of asthma management and control. The programs developed by these countries can constitute a model for asthma integrated disease management in the other countries under study.

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