scholarly journals Herder and Modernity: From Lesser-Taught Languages to Lesser-Taught Cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Martin Votruba
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Other Hand

The typical North American curriculum of a lesser-taught Slavic language implicitly relies on the legacy of Johann Gottfried von Herder’s interpretation that language in and of itself contains national (ethnic) culture. At the same time, enrolments are dwindling even in courses in the most commonly taught Slavic languages. Millennials’ understandable focus on the practicality of the courses they take make it unlikely for the lesser-taught languages to survive the slump. On the other hand, foreign culture courses are appearing to hold their ground more successfully. Slavic departments may reconsider Herder’s dictum as they try to maintain or establish programs in lesser-taught languages and cultures.

Schleicher, Čelakovský, and the Family-Tree Diagram

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. S. Priestly
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
And Linguistics

Summary The first family-tree diagram in August Schleicher’s (1821–68) published work appeared in 1853, seven years after his first printed discussion of the family-tree concept. In 1853 there also appeared Čteni o srovnavaci mluvnici slovanské by the Czech scholar František Ladislav Čelakovský (1799–1852); this book also contained a family-tree diagram. Since Čelakovský and Schleicher were contemporaries in Prague for over two years, their interrelationship is of interest: was this rivalry of collaboration? At first sight, a coincidence seems improbable. In the available work on and by Schleicher, Čelakovský is never mentioned; in the writings on and by Čelakovský, Schleicher’s name is never linked to his. However, the two had very many common interests. Apart from being colleagues at Charles University, they shared the same friends and enemies, were both interested in music and botany, and so on. Moreover, both were working on Slavic Historical Linguistics during the period in question. On the other hand, their personalities were such that the possibility of a mutual antipathy must not be excluded. Given the background to Čelakovský’s life and work, including the legends of the common origin of the Slavs and the obviously close interrelationships of the Slavic languages; the burgeoning of interest in Slavic history and linguistics, and in Panslavicism; the popularity of genealogy; and the developments in classificatory techniques along natural scientific lines, it is argued that Čela-kovský’s depiction of a family-tree for the Slavic languages could be quite naturally expected from him at this point in time, without any influence from Schleicher. On the other hand, Schleicher’s first family-tree diagrams were the next logical step in his own development. Moreover, the actual form of the diagrams in question suggests that they may indeed have been developed independently. This puzzle in the history of linguistics remains unsolved: collaboration, rivalry, and coincidence are all possible.

scholarly journals Беларуская лінгвістычная тэрміналогія: праблемы фіксацыі і функцыянавання

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Яўгенiя [IAŭheniia] Волкава [Volkava]
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indefinite Pronoun ◽  
The One

Belarusian linguistic terminology: some problems of functioning and fixationThe article considers functioning and fixation of the Belarusian linguistic terminology. Scientific papers, textbooks for schools and universities, terminological and general­purpose dictionaries are under consideration.Brief excursus on the history of the Belarusian linguistics showed the diversity and randomness of the terms creation processes. Contradictions in the views of linguists on the development of the Belarusian linguistics and terminology were revealed: on the one hand, the orientation on Russian terminological system, on the other hand there is an intention to turn terminology to the national direction. Simultaneously internationalization of terminology, the process typical for other Slavic languages, occurs.This article demonstrates inconsistencies in the use of Belarusian terms indefinite pronoun and definite/indefinite article (and some other terms) in scientific, educational literature and in various dictionaries.The article argues that Russian terminological system prevails in education and subsequently affects the discourse of Belarusian linguistics.The author believes that another problem of Belarusian terminology is a relatively small amount of a Belarusian linguistics discourse and limited subjects of studies, which does not allow to settle the terms.In these difficult circumstances, an appeal to the experience of other Slavic languages with a more developed system of terminology and with an extensive linguistic discourse can help.

NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR BREEDING THEM FROM THE EGG

1884 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
W. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Species ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Usual Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Species Groups

The eggs of butterflies are very interesting objects. As a rule, those of each natural genus (I speak of the North American fauna, for I know nothing of the eggs of tropical butterflies), are closely alike, as in Pieris, Anthocharis, Colias, Terias, Callidryas; and so, while each genus has peculiarities of its own, there is a family resemblance between these genera (of the sub-family Pierinæ). They are all of one general shape, long, slender, sub-conic, or spindle-shaped, set on end, but differently ribbed according to the genus. So the eggs of Danais and Heliconia and Agraulis each have their own pattern. A11 Argynnis eggs, whether of the large or small species (Groups 1 and 2), are thimble-shaped. On the other hand, Euptoieta, by its egg, is allied to Argynnis, while by the chrysalis, it is allied to Melitæa. It links the two genera, and in my Catalogue of Di. Lep., I place it between these two, instead of before Argynnis, as has usually been the arrangement. So Melitæa, Phyciodes, Limenitis, Apatura, Paphia, Satyrus, Neonympha, Chionobas, may all be distinguished as readily by the eggs as by the butterflies. Lycæna, Lemonias, Thecla, Chrysophanus, so far as I know them, all show generic peculiarities in the egg stage. So does Papilio, though some of the species, as Philenor and Cresphontes, have the surface covered with a rough crust, the usual type being smooth-surfaced.

scholarly journals Из наблюдений над способами выражения отрицания в церковнославянском тексте русского извода

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Zofia Szwed
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Russian State

The article describes the specificity of the changes that took place in the process of dissemination of double negation, typical for Slavic languages, visible in the Ruthenian recension of Church Slavonic texts. The reflections on the achievements in the field are enriched with the results of research on the text of Gospel No. 7 from the collection of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA F. 381. Op. 1 Unit hr 7), which has not been analyzed so far in terms of the issues raised. Nearly three hundred negative structures were subjected to observations. In order to determine the number of single negation cases in relation to double negation the main focus was on structures such as: (1) ni Pron + V, (2) ni Pron + ne V oraz (3) ne V + ni Pron. It was determined, among other things, that their use was influenced by both the literature tradition and live language with elements of the northern dialect of the East Slavonic. On the other hand, the analysis of the negative structures preceding homogeneous parts of the sentence revealed the tendency, manifested onthe leaves of the monument, to transform towards the norm of the contemporary Russian language.

The Prague School and North American functionalist approaches to syntax

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICK J. NEWMEYER
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western European ◽  
Prague School ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Functional Syntax

Modern functionalist approaches to syntax were pioneered in the 1920s by the scholars associated with the Linguistic Circle of Prague and Prague-based functionalism is a dynamic force today. Nevertheless, citations of this work by North American functionalists are few and far between. This paper sets out to explain that state of affairs. It pinpoints the profound theoretical differences between mainstream North American and Czech approaches that have led to partisans of the former losing interest in the latter. The paper argues that, on the other hand, Praguian functional syntax has a great deal in common with more ‘formal’ functionalist approaches and with much work in formal semantics. Not surprisingly, then, recent years have seen increasing productive collaboration between North American and Western European practitioners of these approaches and members of the Prague School.

The Position of Kajkavian in the South Slavic Dialect Continuum in Light of Old Accentual Isoglosses

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mate Kapović
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryAll South Slavic languages, from Bulgaria in the South-East to Slovenia in the North-West, are part of a dialect continuum. This paper outlines the position of what is traditionally called Kajkavian in that continuum in light of old accentual isoglosses. Kajkavian shares several old prosodic-phonological isoglosses with Slovene (such as the rise of the neocircumflex), while on the other hand it is connected with Western Štokavian and Čakavian through some morphological-categorial accentual isoglosses (like the innovative accent of the infinitive and

scholarly journals Future iused to denote habitual actions in the vernacular of the Sirinic Zupa in the northern Sar Mountains

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-88
Author(s):  
Bojana Veljovic ◽  
Radivoje Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Frequency Unit

This paper analyzes the use of Future I to denote habitual actions in the vernacular of Sirinic. The analysis shows that Future I is a high-frequency unit when it refers to effects of what happened in the past as a custom, habit or part of a sequence. The use of Future with this meaning developed as its secondary trait, but this form was eventually suppressed from other domains of use and it was narrowed down to denoting a habitual action. The basic syntactic and semantic features of this future form with this time reference are its reference to a repeated action or a succession of events and its ability to denote the timeline of the effects of the action and its reference to wishes and commands more clearly. Furthermore, a future referring to the past is stylistically marked and thus appears as an expressive unit within the system, which is why it is typical of emotional discourse. In the Shtokavian area, Future I for habitual actions is only known in the Sirinic vernacular and in a few neighboring ones concentrated around the Sar Mountains. On the other hand, this unit is also frequent in Macedonian and Bulgarian and in some non-Slavic languages spoken in the Balkans, which is why the authors also investigate the presence of this feature in those languages.

scholarly journals Competencias interculturales en Servicios de Orientación para el desarrollo de la carrera

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
José Luis Castellano Pérez
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Intercultural Competencies ◽  
Knowledge Area ◽  
Research Situation

RESUMENSe presenta un modelo de análisis de competencias interculturales en el área de conocimiento de la orientación adaptado a los servicios de orientación en universidades a distancia europeas. Tanto servicios como profesionales trabajando en ellos son foco del análisis. En primer lugar, se procede a un acercamiento al concepto de competencia. En segundo lugar, se comenta lo que desde el contexto norteamericano se ha hecho en orientación para el desarrollo de la carrera y se comenta el estado actualde la investigación en orientación intercultural. A continuación se presenta un modelo de competencias interculturales, explicamos su necesidad y comentamos brevemente los resultados de la investigación en torno a este tópico en Europa.ABSTRACTIt is presented a model of intercultural competencies analysis within the general knowledge area o fcounselling  focused  on counselling  services  at  European  distance  universities. Services  as well  as practitioners working in them are themes of the analysis. First of all, it is presented a competence concept. On the other hand, it is commented what from the North American context has build up in career counselling. Third, it is offered an insight of the research situation in intercultural counselling. Finally, it is presented an intercultural model of competencies and it is briefly explained and commented last results of the research on this topic. 

scholarly journals A null theory of scrambling

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-405
Author(s):  
Hubert Haider
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract Grammars are decomposable. On the one hand, an adequate characterization of a given utterance factorizes the contributions of each subsystem of grammar and on the other hand, it thereby reduces the apparent overall complexity to the interaction of less complex subsystems. Scrambling is an apt showcase. Its complicated properties are not inherent properties of a syntactic construction but the result of the interaction of phrase structuring with other subsystems of grammar, and in particular with the information-structuring (IS) subsystem of pragmatics. Scrambling is “utilized” rather than “triggered”. In general, when syntax admits structural variation, this potential is captured and utilized by other subsystems of grammar. Germanic and Slavic languages are handy testimonies for rejecting syntactic trigger scenarios not only for scrambling but also for other constructions with displaced items. Cross-linguistically, scrambling is not a matter of syntactical determinism. For an adequate syntactical account of scrambling it is sufficient to understand and explain the structural conditions that make a language a scrambling language. The pragmatic functions that utilize scrambling structures are not a concern of syntax. They are syntactically not causal and epiphenomenal to syntax.

scholarly journals Keramičke studije i arheometrija: između analiza prirodnih nauka i arheološke interpretacije

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Jasna Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
North American ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
Material Provenance

The consideration of the relationship between pottery studies and the application of hard sciences in archaeology includes the scrutiny of the importance of pottery studies in the history of archaeology as a discipline, and especially the differences in the approach to material culture between European and North American researchers. After modest beginnings during the 19th century, petrographic analyses were introduced into ceramology during the first decades of the 20th century, mainly thanks to the works of Anna Shepard. She was one of the initiators of the first conference on the ceramic technology, held as early as 1938. For archaeology in general, it is significant to note that the beginning of pottery studies, stressing the importance of social anthropology as well as the application of hard science methods, markedly predates the expansion of processual archaeology.It is also vital to explore certain tensions and differences in approaches to ceramics, exiting today as the consequence of polarization inside archaeology, among researchers primarily leaning upon natural sciences, and the ones regarding material culture as the product of cultural processes. Archaeometry is widely applicable in ceramology, above all in identifying the pottery recipes, raw material provenance, firing regimes, and many other aspects that are the consequences of various cultural practices. Maybe paradoxically, the researchers leaning towards natural sciences have most frequently embraced the concept of technological choices, presupposing that every human activity is the consequence of social relations, leading artisans to choose one of several technical possibilities, depending upon social norms. On the other hand, ethno-archaeological research relativizes to a certain extent the “solid” and unambiguous results of natural sciences, more readily accepting the concept of technological style, i.e. considering the socially influenced technological traditions. The concept of archaeological biomarkers, i.e. research into the remains of organic matters on ceramic vessels, indicates the differences between the scientistically oriented European archaeology, as opposed to the North American, dominated by the anthropological dimension of research, and pottery is not treated as a mere source of data, but as an object of research in its own right.  An additional difficulty in pottery studies is presented by the essential misunderstanding between archaeologists and natural scientists, also present in Serbia. We are still faced with the insufficient knowledge of possibilities of analytical techniques. On the other hand, the majority of research is conducted by the natural scientists, resulting in one-sided or multidisciplinary outcomes, and interdisciplinary studies are extremely rare. At the same time, although with exceptional possibilities, natural sciences applied to the research into the past are not infallible, and have been criticized on several levels, concerning the issues of raw material provenance, as well as identifying the remains of organic material on pottery vessels. Interdisciplinarity should undoubtedly be considered as an advantage in archaeological research, but we should bear in mind that the aim of pottery studies is the understanding of people and processes in the past, so the ultimate responsibility of interpretation rests upon archaeologists. For this very reason, they are obliged to understand the advantages as well as limitations of analytic techniques, and above all to formulate the theoretical framework, research topics and hypotheses.

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