Low Cost, Efficient Microcavity Plasma Ozone Generation for Water Remediation and Air Purification

Super-hydrophobic porous absorbent is a convenient, low-cost, efficient and environment-friendly material in the treatment of oil spills. In this work, a simple Pickering emulsion template method was employed to fabricate...

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A Novel Adaptive Pixels Segmentation Algorithm for Pavement Crack Detection

10.31124/advance.13601339.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nima Safaei ◽

Omar Smadi ◽

Babak Safaei ◽

Arezoo Masoud

Keyword(s):

Crack Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Local Level ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Segmentation Algorithm ◽

Pavement Maintenance ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Pavement Crack Detection

Cracks considerably reduce the life span of pavement surfaces. Currently, there is a need for the development of robust automated distress evaluation systems that comprise a low-cost crack detection method for performing fast and cost-effective roadway health monitoring practices. Most of the current methods are costly and have labor-intensive learning processes, so they are not suitable for small local-level projects with limited resources or are only usable for specific pavement types. This paper proposes a new method that uses an improved version of the weighted neighborhood pixels segmentation algorithm to detect cracks in 2-D pavement images. This method uses the Gaussian cumulative density function as the adaptive threshold to overcome the drawback of fixed thresholds in noisy environments. The proposed algorithm was tested on 300 images containing a wide range of noise representative of different noise conditions. This method proved to be time and cost-efficient as it took less than 3.15 seconds per 320 × 480 pixels image for a Xeon (R) 3.70 GHz CPU processor to determine the detection results. This makes the model a perfect choice for county-level pavement maintenance projects requiring cost-effective pavement crack detection systems. The validation results were promising for the detection of low to severe-level cracks (Accuracy = 97.3%, Precision = 79.21%, Recall= 89.18% and F1 score = 83.9%).

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Advanced High Strength Steel in Auto Industry: an Overview

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.444 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 686-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. Baluch ◽

Z. M. Udin ◽

C. S. Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Automotive Industry ◽

High Strength Steel ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Strength ◽

Direct Result ◽

Advanced High Strength Steel ◽

Geometrical Form ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Safety Attributes ◽

Selection Of

The world’s most common alloy, steel, is the material of choice when it comes to making products as diverse as oil rigs to cars and planes to skyscrapers, simply because of its functionality, adaptability, machine-ability and strength. Newly developed grades of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) significantly outperform competing materials for current and future automotive applications. This is a direct result of steel’s performance flexibility, as well as of its many benefits including low cost, weight reduction capability, safety attributes, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and superior recyclability. To improve crash worthiness and fuel economy, the automotive industry is, increasingly, using AHSS. Today, and in the future, automotive manufacturers must reduce the overall weight of their cars. The most cost-efficient way to do this is with AHSS. However, there are several parameters that decide which of the AHSS types to be used; the most important parameters are derived from the geometrical form of the component and the selection of forming and blanking methods. This paper describes the different types of AHSS, highlights their advantages for use in auto metal stampings, and discusses about the new challenges faced by stampers, particularly those serving the automotive industry.

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ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF PtM (M=Co, Cu, Ni) CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON CARBON VULCAN FOR OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION (ORR) IN FUEL CELLS

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/56/2a/12633 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (2A) ◽

pp. 81-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vu Thi Hong Phuong

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Low Cost ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Carbon Powder ◽

Galvanic Replacement ◽

H2o2 Formation ◽

Cost Efficient

PEMFC - proton exchange membrane fuel cell is electrochemical devices producing electricity and heat from reaction between a fuel (often hydrogen) and oxygen. Therefore, energy production is generally clean and effective without burning the fuel like the tradition way in combustion engines. The obstacles encountered fuel cell commercialization are mainly due to expensive catalyst materials (Platinum) and long-term instability performance. For this reason, numerous investigations have been undertaken with the goal of developing low-cost, efficient electrocatalysts that can be used as alternatives to Pt. In this paper, a two-step procedure at room temperature was applied to prepare a bimetallic Pt-M(M = metal) supported carbon Vulcan. First, the chemical reduction of M metal ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of carbon powder is performed. Second, the partial galvanic replacement of M particle layers by Pt is achieved upon immersion in a chloroplatinate solution. The major size of synthesized metallic particles was around 2-3 nm. From the slope of Koutecky-Levich plot for ORR using PtM/C materials as catalysts it was found that the overall electron transfer number ranged from 3 to 4, leading to the suggestion of H2O2 formation as an intermediate of the ORR.

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Technical Note: Evaluation of a low-cost evaporation protection method for portable water samplers

10.5194/hess-2020-341 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jana von Freyberg ◽

Julia L. A. Knapp ◽

Andrea Rücker ◽

Bjørn Studer ◽

James W. Kirchner

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Low Cost ◽

Isotopic Fractionation ◽

Field Tests ◽

Isotopic Signature ◽

Technical Note ◽

Stable Water Isotopes ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Protection Method ◽

Cost Efficient

Abstract. Automated field sampling of streamwater or precipitation for subsequent analysis of stable water isotopes (2H and 18O) is often conducted with off-the-shelf automated samplers. However, water samples stored in the field for days and weeks in open bottles inside autosamplers undergo isotopic fractionation and vapor mixing, thus altering their isotopic signature. We therefore designed an evaporation protection method which modifies autosampler bottles using a syringe housing and silicone tube, and tested whether this method reduces evaporative fractionation and vapor mixing in water samples stored for up to 24 days in ISCO autosamplers (Teledyne ISCO., Lincoln, US). Laboratory and field tests under different temperature and humidity conditions showed that water samples in bottles with evaporation protection were far less altered by evaporative fractionation and vapor mixing than samples in conventional open bottles. Our design is a cost-efficient approach to upgrade the 1-litre sample bottles of ISCO 6712 Full-size Portable Samplers, allowing secure water sample collection in warm and dry environments. Our design can be readily adapted (e.g., by using a different syringe size) to fit the bottles used by many other field autosamplers.

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Developing low cost, efficient magnetic refrigeration down to 0.2 K

Scilight ◽

10.1063/10.0009239 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 (1) ◽

pp. 011108

Author(s):

Ashley Piccone

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Magnetic Refrigeration ◽

Cost Efficient

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Self-assembled iron-containing mordenite monolith for carbon dioxide sieving

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aax5776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 373 (6552) ◽

pp. 315-320

Author(s):

Yu Zhou ◽

Jianlin Zhang ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Xili Cui ◽

Xiaoling Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Gas Adsorption ◽

Separation Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

One Pot ◽

Free Process ◽

Binder Free ◽

Self Assembled ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Breakthrough Experiments

The development of low-cost, efficient physisorbents is essential for gas adsorption and separation; however, the intrinsic tradeoff between capacity and selectivity, as well as the unavoidable shaping procedures of conventional powder sorbents, greatly limits their practical separation efficiency. Herein, an exceedingly stable iron-containing mordenite zeolite monolith with a pore system of precisely narrowed microchannels was self-assembled using a one-pot template- and binder-free process. Iron-containing mordenite monoliths that could be used directly for industrial application afforded record-high volumetric carbon dioxide uptakes (293 and 219 cubic centimeters of carbon dioxide per cubic centimeter of material at 273 and 298 K, respectively, at 1 bar pressure); excellent size-exclusive molecular sieving of carbon dioxide over argon, nitrogen, and methane; stable recyclability; and good moisture resistance capability. Column breakthrough experiments and process simulation further visualized the high separation efficiency.

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Chlorocuprate(i) ionic liquid as an efficient and stable Cu-based catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene

Catalysis Science & Technology ◽

10.1039/c9cy00401g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2868-2878 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yanfei Ren ◽

Botao Wu ◽

Fumin Wang ◽

Hang Li ◽

Guojun Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Efficient

Chlorocuprate(i) ionic liquids can be well-stabilized, low-cost, efficient and green non-mercury catalysts for hydrochlorination of acetylene.

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Nickel nanocrystal/nitrogen-doped carbon composites as efficient and carbon monoxide-resistant electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reactions

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr04822d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (42) ◽

pp. 21687-21694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Na Wu ◽

Meixu Zhai ◽

Fei Chen ◽

Xue Zhang ◽

Ruihong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanol Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Reaction ◽

Low Cost ◽

Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽

Carbon Composites ◽

Oxidation Reactions ◽

Facile Synthesis ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Owing to its facile synthesis, outstanding activity and high stability, Ni/N–C@500 composite is promising as a low-cost, efficient and CO-resistant electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).

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