Benchmarking of Slovak Regions in Terms of Start-UP Implementation Indicators and Creative Potential Indicators

Creative regions contribute to a higher standard of living, are attractive to start-ups, create new jobs, reduce brain drain and attract applicants for university education. The paper aims to compare selected indicators of implementation of start-ups and creative potential in the regions of Slovakia at NUTS 3 level and to quantify their mutual relationship. Benchmarking of 8 Slovak NUTS 3 level regions is based on 2 comparisons, namely: 6 indicators of start-ups implementation (frequency of start-ups, creation of radical innovations, employment in fast-growing companies, venture capital awareness, crowdfunding awareness and possibilities of counselling in the implementation of start-ups) and 6 indicators of creative potential (openness and diversity, human capital, cultural environment, technologies, institutional environment and creative outputs). Numerical values of these indicators are obtained from secondary research studies – e. g. modified Slovak Creative Index, Regional Innovation Scoreboard, Slovak Start-up Report and websites of innovation incubators and crowdfunding platforms. To obtain the true values of these criteria, the analysis of secondary data – desk research and the method of pairwise comparison with 91 respondents (students of Slovak universities of economic orientation with Slovak or Ukrainian nationality) was used to determine the real significance (weights) of the criteria. According to pairwise comparison, the most important indicator of start-up implementation is possibilities of counselling and the most important indicator of creative potential is creative outputs. Consequently, the relationship between the two comparisons is quantified. The global benchmark based on the implementation of start-ups is the Bratislava region, as well as in the case with creative potential. There is a strong correlation (85.5 %) between the scores of the compared regions. The final ranking of the 5 regions out of 8 in both comparisons is also the same. The theoretical contribution is extending of the issue of benchmarking from traditional understanding (products, services, processes) to spatial understanding (region). The main practical contribution of the paper is to identify the weaknesses of each of the compared regions through benchmarking. Its implementation can be the basis for the development of regional strategies and the introduction of new study programs at universities. Keywords: benchmarking, creative potential, region, Slovak Republic, Start-UP.

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Legal Framework for Establishing and Functioning of Start–Ups in the Conditions of Slovak Legislation

EU agrarian Law ◽

10.1515/eual-2017-0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Zuzana Ilková

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Business Environment ◽

Company Law ◽

Joint Stock Company ◽

Legal Form ◽

Start Up ◽

Commercial Company ◽

New Form ◽

Start Ups

Abstract The existing legal regulation of the Slovak Republic allowed small and medium–sized enterprises, which form a basis for the business environment, not only in Slovakia but also in economically advanced countries, to have a legal form of any of the four types of commercial companies or cooperatives. According to the Concept for Supporting Start–ups and Start–up Ecosystem in the Slovak Republic, for the optimal engagement of investors and start–up development in the Slovak Republic, it is most effective to introduce a new form of capital commercial company that will allow for a flexible set–up of property relationships, investors’ entry and exit from the investment. The paper deals with the issue of special regulation of private law, company law. It points out some of the changes introduced to the regulation of commercial companies by introducing a new type of capital company, a simple joint–stock company and highlights possible problems in application. The new form of a capital commercial company was established by an amendment to the Commercial Code, Act no. 389/2015 Coll., which entered into force on January 1st, 2017. The purpose of the new form of a commercial company, as stated in the explanatory memorandum, is to ensure the legal form of a legal entity, which would be a complex and, at the same time, simple solution for risky investment in the form of commercial companies, especially investments to start–ups. To what extent the new form of a commercial company will meet the expectations of investors, will only be proved after its practical implementation and after the expression of the investors' interest in engaging in such form of company.

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The Influence of Competitiveness on Start-up in SMES Segment

E+M Ekonomie a Management ◽

10.15240/tul/001/2021-1-007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 102-117

Author(s):

Ján Dvorský ◽

Martin Čepel ◽

Mihaela Simionescu ◽

Pavol Ďurana

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Business Environment ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Important Indicator ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Business Goals ◽

Scientific Hypothesis ◽

Start Up ◽

The Relationship

The paper aims to identify important factors for competitiveness (CF – Competitive environment, FF – Narrower business environment), which impact start-up in a segment of SMEs. In regards to the defined aim, survey-based research was conducted with enterprises operating in the SME segment. Three 312 enterprises in the Czech Republic and 329 enterprises in the Slovak Republic were approached during this research. The multiple linear regression was used: (a) to quantify the relationship between the variables, (b) to identify the most critical indicator of QBE, and also to verify the scientific hypothesis. The competitive environment has a significant impact on the quality of the business environment in the SME segment. The authors found that the selected factors (CF and FF) were statistically significant. The competitive environment (CF) has a greater impact on the quality of the business environment than the narrower business environment (FF). Human capital represented by employees and the adequacy of supplier prices are indicators that have a significant impact on the quality of the business environment in the SME segment. The most critical CF indicator is that the suppliers of SMEs demand reasonable prices for their products and services. On the contrary, the least significant indicator is the intensity of competition in the sector. The most important indicator of a narrower business environment is the contribution of employees in achieving business goals. On the opposite, the least important indicator of a narrower business environment is the support of suppliers to meet the business goals of SMEs.

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Criteria of Innovativeness and Creativity in Start-Ups and Innovative Entrepreneurship

Quality Innovation Prosperity ◽

10.12776/qip.v1i1.1040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucie Vnoučková

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Small Sample ◽

University Education ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Success Criteria ◽

Start Up ◽

Start Ups

Purpose: Innovativeness and development have become one of the greatest competitive advantage of all organisations. In order to develop innovations, human resources and their development are the main sources of creativity and new ideas, skills and their application. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate and identify approaches to enterpeneurship innovativeness. Furthwermore, paper develops current success criteria of start-ups based on qualitative research made with start-up leaders.Methodology/Approach: The data were collected by means of a quantitative questionnaire research carried out among employees of organisations across sectors who take part in a talent programme in the Czech Republic. Moreover, qualitative research of start-up projects by means of content analysis was carried out among start-up organisations. For the analysis key words and short phrases were selected to find success criteria of start-ups. For the purposes of testing, the Pearson’s chi-square test and the association test were employed.Findings: The results have shown statistically significant differences between the age category and creativity (p = 0.048) and the length of job history and the creativity demonstrated when performing job (p = 0.012). Furthermore, education plays role in innovativeness. University education may cause lowering of creativity by teaching standardized thinking. Moreover, results of study have shown that key success criteria (p = 0.000) of successful start-ups are: use of education and training, development, partners, theoretical mapping, use of expert help, use of concrete technologies, knowledge of project management, project functionality, personal interest in project delivery and efficiency of solution.Research Limitation/implication: The results develop practice in defining key success criteria of innovative approach in enterpreneurships, start-ups and innovative-oriented organisations. The limits of the article can be deemed to consist in a relatively small sample of respondents; however, with respect to the exclusive approach to the talent management in the Czech Republic the sample can be described as sufficient. The results may inspire other researches to conduit further research in other conditions and deepen knowledge about this phenomenon.Originality/Value of paper: The contribution of the article lies in identification and evaluation of the factors of innovativenes of enterpreneurships. Furthermore, practical contribution lies in identification and evaluation of the areas of the sustainable development of social start-ups. Practical contribution lies in presenting the concrete results from real start-up projects and innovative-oriented organisations. The results are important for development of new start-up ideas and project while their main efficient approaches are presented.

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El método Lean Startup. Cómo crear empresas de éxito utilizando la innovación continua de Eric Ries

10.33829//emprendeytransforma-0101-2019-83-88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Ysmael Jesús Ayala Colqui

Keyword(s):

A Priori ◽

El Paso ◽

Start Up ◽

Start Ups ◽

Lean Startup

Una start-up es definida como una empresa destinada solucionar problemas de maneras no obvias, donde el éxito no está garantizado de antemano y, solo en los casos de éxito efectivo, se adquiere un crecimiento rápido y significativo (Robehmed, 2013). Ejemplos clásicos de start-ups serían Facebook, Uber o AirBnB que, con comienzos modestos, pero con ideas innovadoras, se convirtieron con el paso del tiempo en empresas de ingresos millonarios. Una de las tantas preguntas al respecto sería la siguiente: ¿cómo lograr una start-up de éxito a sabiendas que el éxito no está garantizado a priori y, aún más, que la gran mayoría de estas fracasan?

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Wer gewinnt den ‚War for Talent’: Konzerne oder Start-ups?

MedienWirtschaft ◽

10.15358/1613-0669-2015-4-24 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rabea Laugemann ◽

Christopher Buschow ◽

Beate Schneider

Keyword(s):

Start Up ◽

Soziale Beziehungen ◽

Start Ups ◽

War For Talent

Im ‚War for Talent‘ konkurrieren heutzutage große Konzerne mit innovativen Start-ups um vielversprechenden Nachwuchs. Was bestimmt die Attraktivität von Arbeitgebern bei Medien- und Kommunikationsstudierenden? Diese Frage wird im Rahmen einer quantitativen Online-Befragung untersucht, vor allem im Hinblick darauf, ob Start-ups oder Konzerne als erste Arbeitgeber präferiert werden. Befragte, denen Prestige wichtig ist, bevorzugen eher Konzerne als Arbeitgeber. Wer Wert auf ein innovatives Arbeitsumfeld und soziale Beziehungen legt, entscheidet sich vermehrt für ein Start-up. Im Wettbewerb um die besten Köpfe sind damit junge Unternehmensgründungen inzwischen eine ernst zu nehmende Konkurrenz für Konzerne.

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Innovation Capabilities and the Performance of Start-Ups in Korea: The Role of Government Support Policies

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6009

Author(s):

Se-Kyoung Choi ◽

Sangyun Han ◽

Kyu-Tae Kwak

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Financial Support ◽

Political Support ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Government Support ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Start Up ◽

Start Ups

What kind of capacity is needed to improve the performance of start-ups? How effective are government support policies in improving start-up performance? Start-ups are critical firm group for ensuring the prospective and sustainable growth of an economy, and thus many countries’ governments have established support policies and they are likely to engage more widely in forward-looking political support activities to ensure further growth and expansion. In this paper, the effect of innovation capabilities and government support policies on start-up performance is examined. We used an unbalanced panel data analysis with a random effect generalized least squares. We investigated the effect of government support policies on 4368 Korean start-ups. The findings indicated that technology and knowledge capabilities had positive effects on the sales performance of start-ups, and government financial support positively affected the relationship between knowledge capability and firm performance. However, when government financial support increased, marketing capability was negatively associated with firm performance. These results demonstrate the significant role of government financial support, including its crowding in but also its crowding out effect. Practical implications: To be more effective, governments should employ innovation-driven entrepreneurship policy approaches to support start-ups. To improve their performance, start-ups need to increase their technology and knowledge capabilities. This study extends recent efforts to understand more fully the effect of government support policies on start-ups differing in their technology, knowledge, and marketing capabilities.

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A FUZZY FRONT-END PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR START-UPS

Proceedings of the Design Society ◽

10.1017/pds.2021.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 111-120

Author(s):

Nuno Miguel Martins Pacheco ◽

Anand Vazhapilli Sureshbabu ◽

Masaru Charles Nürnberger ◽

Laura Isabel Durán Noy ◽

Markus Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Two Dimensions ◽

Fuzzy Front End ◽

Development Framework ◽

Front End ◽

Start Up ◽

Extended Approach ◽

Role Based ◽

Definition Of ◽

Clear Idea ◽

Start Ups

AbstractStart-ups tend to form with a central idea that differentiates them from their competitors in the market. It is crucial for them to efficiently transform the idea into a marketable product. Prototyping helps to iteratively achieve a minimum viable product and plays a crucial role by enabling teams to test their ideas with limited resources early on. However, the prototyping process may have wrong focus leading to a suboptimal allocation of resources. Previously, we proposed role-based prototyping for fuzzy front-end development in small teams. It supports (1) resource allocation, (2) the definition of responsibilities, and (3) structuring the development process with milestones. In recent research this was a promising yet incomplete approach. We extend the previous work by refining the prototyping process by adding a prototyping matrix with two dimensions (purpose and lens), a prototyping cycle (plan, execute, test, reflect, assimilate), and a modified Kanban board (Protoban) for planning, managing, and reflecting cycles. This process, named PETRA was tested with a start-up developing an autonomous trash picking robot. The extended approach supported the team significantly in providing a clear idea of what to do at what time.

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Student entrepreneurship ecosystems at Australian higher education institutions

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development ◽

10.1108/jsbed-11-2021-0466 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Maritz ◽

Quan Nguyen ◽

Sergey Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Entrepreneurship Education ◽

University Student ◽

Content Type ◽

Student Entrepreneurship ◽

Start Up ◽

Entrepreneurship Ecosystems ◽

Start Ups ◽

The Impact

PurposeDespite the significance, university student start-ups and student entrepreneurship ecosystems (SEEs) have been subject to little research. This study aims to apply a qualitative emergent enquiry approach to explore best practice SEEs in Australia, complimented by narratives from leading scholars in higher education institutions with the aim of delineating the integrative components of SEEs.Design/methodology/approachAdopting the entrepreneurial ecosystem framework and aligned to the social cognitive theory, this paper explores the components and dynamics of SEEs, contributing to an understanding of how such components can better support the growth, sustainability and success of student start-ups. The authors extend entrepreneurship research on social construction using narrative research.FindingsThe findings provide guidelines for researchers, entrepreneurship scholars and educators, entrepreneurship students, policymakers and practitioners to enhance the impact and success of university student start-ups by adopting a student ecosystem approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe narratives represent a limited number of universities with an opportunity for further research to empirically measure the impact and outcomes of SEEs. The research is exploratory, inherently conceptual and emergent, providing an opportunity for validation of narrative frameworks in future studies.Practical implicationsThe findings may assist university managers to be more aware of their own subconscious preferences to student entrepreneurship and start-up initiatives, which may be useful in refining their impact and offerings regarding a quest toward the entrepreneurial university.Social implicationsFrom social perspectives, the alignment of the components of SEE has the ability to enhance and shift the entrepreneurial mindset of entrepreneurship students, notwithstanding enhancement of intentionality and self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis is the first study of SEEs in Australia, highlighting the importance of the integration of entrepreneurship education programs, entrepreneurship education ecosystems, the entrepreneurial university and specific start-up initiatives such as university accelerators. Furthermore, students may enhance their entrepreneurial mindset by actively engaging in such ecosystems.

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PASAR LAYAR BERBASIS E-COMMERCE

Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) ◽

10.24912/stupa.v3i1.10805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Rewindy Astari Surbakti ◽

Doddy Yuono

Keyword(s):

World Economy ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Interaction Space ◽

Creative Economy ◽

Start Up ◽

The World ◽

Human Thinking ◽

New Generation ◽

Start Ups ◽

Generation Technology

The 21st century is known as the industrial revolution 4.0 which changes the economy among people who grow together with modernity and technology systems. It proves that the development of human thinking on creativity will greatly affect the development of the creative economy, but this has made the market begin to be abandoned by new generations and switch to e-commerce systems. The existence of an epidemic that has begun to spread in people's lives is also one of the factors that have changed the world economy and made the market begin to be abandoned. Changes in the world economy will require revitalization so that this is used as a foundation in the formation of the Screen Market integrated with the digital system to polarize the economy. The new generation is the key to the development and balance of the economy in technology, this is in line with the entrepreneurial nature and character of the new generation, which makes them prefer to develop as start ups. The revitalization of the economic center will become a forum for interaction with the surrounding environment so that the characteristics of the formation of interaction space are the basis and the beginning of the screen market. The screen market is located on Jl Arjuna Utara which is surrounded by malls, offices, universities, making the type of retail being marketed a creative sub-sector, namely culinary with local products, fashion retail, and also craft retail managed by start ups so it is hoped that the screen market can accommodate interaction and creatively combined with digital developments. Keywords: Economy; Market; New Generation; Technology. Abstrak Abad ke-21 dikenal dengan terjadinya revolusi industri 4.0 yang mengubah perekonomian di kalangan masyarakat yang bertumbuh bersama dengan sistem modernitas dan juga teknologi. Membuktikan bahwa perkembangan pemikiran manusia terhadap kreativitas akan sangat memengaruhi perkembangan ekonomi kreatif tetapi hal ini menjadikan pasar mulai ditinggalkan oleh generasi baru dan beralih pada sistem e-commerce. Adanya wabah yang mulai merambat dikehidupan masyarakat juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang merubah perekonomian dunia dan menjadikan pasar mulai ditinggalkan. Perubahan perekonomian dunia ini akan membutuhkan revitalisasi sehingga hal ini dijadikan sebagai landasan pijakan dalam pembentukan Pasar Layar yang dipadukan dengan sistem dari digital sebagai polarisasi perekonomian. Generasi baru merupakan kunci dari perkembangan dan keseimbangan perekonomian dalam teknologi, hal ini sejalan dengan sifat dan watak entrepreneur yang dimiliki oleh generasi baru sehingga menjadikan mereka lebih memilih berkembang sebagai start up. Revitalisasi pusat perekonomian ini akan menjadi wadah interaksi dengan lingkungan sekitar sehingga adanya karakteristik pembentukan ruang interaksi sebagai dasar dan awal dalam pasar layar. Pasar layar berada di Jl. Arjuna Utara yang dikelilingi oleh mall, kantor, universitas menjadikan jenis retail yang dipasarkan merupakan subsektor kreatif yaitu kuliner dengan produk lokal, retail fashion dan juga retail kriya yang dikelola start up sehingga diharapkan Pasar Layar mampu menampung antara interaksi dan kreatif yang dipadukan dengan perkembangan digital.

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Coopetition strategies of start-ups: evidence from a Spanish regional innovation system

European J of International Management ◽

10.1504/ejim.2021.118571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 694

Author(s):

Jasmina Berbegal Mirabent ◽

Dolors Gil Doménech ◽

Carolina Senent Bailach

Keyword(s):

Innovation System ◽

Regional Innovation System ◽

Regional Innovation ◽

Start Ups

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