scholarly journals In Vitro Suppression of Soilborne Plant Pathogens by Coir

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Hyder ◽  
James J. Sims ◽  
Stephen N. Wegulo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Soilborne Plant Pathogens

Experiments conducted in vitro showed that coir [coconut (Cocos nucifera) mesocarp pith] suppressed growth of soilborne plant pathogens. Mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with an unsterilized coir suspension was strongly inhibited regardless of suspension concentration. Growth of P. capsici on PDA amended with a filter-sterilized coir suspension was uninhibited. Growth of Fusarium solani on water agar (WA) amended with unautoclaved coir was completely inhibited. Growth of F. solani on WA amended with autoclaved coir was uninhibited. Aspergillus terreus recovered from coir inhibited mycelial growth of various soilborne pathogens by up to 75%. The results from this study suggest that coir has the ability to suppress soilborne plant pathogens in vitro and this ability is largely due to microorganisms associated with the substrate.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth of Rhizoctonia Solani

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Castor Cake

Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth ofRhizoctonia SolaniA shift towards organic farming suggests amalgamation of organic resources against soil borne plant pathogens. The influence of metabolites of most ubiquitousAspergillusspp., organic amendment extracts and their combined effect withTrichoderma virenswere evaluatedin vitroagainstRhizoctonia solani.The minimum (36.1 mm) growth was attained byR. solaniin co-culture withA. niger.The maximum (42.3 mm) inhibition of mycelial growth of the test organism was observed with culture filtrate ofA. ochraceousfollowed byA. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavusandA. terreus.Among organic amendment extractants, castor cake exhibited an additive effect on the growth ofT. virens, however, the maximum (41.8 mm) suppressive effect onR. solaniwas observed with vermicompost. With the advance in time, the effect of organic amendment extracts increased markedly. Inhibition potential of culture filtrate mixturte ofA. niger+T. virensandA. ochraceous+T. virensagainstR. solaniwas significantly higher in comparison to the other combinations.

scholarly journals Fungal Community Analysis and Biodeterioration of Waterlogged Wooden Lacquerware from the Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3797
Author(s):  
Yin Jia ◽  
Liuyu Yin ◽  
Fengyu Zhang ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Mingliang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biocidal Products

To avoid the lacquerware of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck from being corroded by microorganisms and to improve the knowledge on microbial ecology of the wood lacquers, we conducted a series of tests on the two water samples storing the lacquerware and colonies on the surface of the lacquerware. The high-throughput sequencing detected dominant fungal communities. After that, the fungal strains were isolated and then identified by amplification of ITS- 18S rRNA. Then the activity of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes was detected on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates with 0.04% (v/v) guaiacol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates. Finally, we tested the biocide susceptibility of these fungi. Penicillium chrysogenum (NK-NH3) and Fusarium solani (NK- NH1) were the dominant fungi in the sample collected in April 2016 and June 2017. What is more, both showed activity of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Four biocidal products (Preventol® D7, P91, BIT 20N, and Euxyl® K100) inhibited the growth of the fungal species in vitro effectively. In further research, the microbial community and environmental parameters in the museum should be monitored to assess the changes in the community and to detect potential microbial outbreaks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis by different products in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 1992-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
D’Addazio Veronica ◽  
Aparecida Ahnert dos Santos Renata ◽  
Salomao Bastos Leitao Arthur ◽  
Barreto da Silva Marcelo ◽  
Alves Fernandes Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

scholarly journals Indole-Containing Phytoalexin-Based Bioisosteres as Antifungals: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation against Fusarium oxysporum

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Andrea Angarita-Rodríguez ◽  
Diego Quiroga ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Molecular Mechanic ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Molecular Interaction Fields ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann

There is a continuous search for more reliable and effective alternatives to control phytopathogens through different strategies. In this context, indole-containing phytoalexins are stimuli-induced compounds implicated in plant defense against plant pathogens. However, phytoalexins’ efficacy have been limited by fungal detoxifying mechanisms, thus, the research on bioisosteres-based analogs can be a friendly alternative regarding the control of Fusarium phytopathogens, but there are currently few studies on it. Thus, as part of our research on antifungal agents, a set of 21 synthetic indole-containing phytoalexin analogs were evaluated as inhibitors against the phyopathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Results indicated that analogs of the N,N-dialkylthiourea, N,S-dialkyldithiocarbamate and substituted-1,3-thiazolidin-5-one groups exhibited the best docking scores and interaction profiles within the active site of Fusarium spp. enzymes. Vina scores exhibited correlation with experimental mycelial growth inhibition using supervised statistics, and this antifungal dataset correlated with molecular interaction fields after CoMFA. Compound 24 (tert-butyl (((3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)thio)carbonothioyl)-l-tryptophanate), a very active analog against F. oxysporum, exhibited the best interaction with lanosterol 14α-demethylase according to molecular docking, molecular dynamics and molecular mechanic/poisson-boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding energy performance. After data analyses, information on mycelial growth inhibitors, structural requirements and putative enzyme targets may be used in further antifungal development based on phytoalexin analogs for controlling phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity and Control Efficacy of Tetramycin Against Phytophthora capsici Isolates in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dicheng Ma ◽  
Jiamei Zhu ◽  
Leiming He ◽  
Kaidi Cui ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Tetramycin is a new biopesticide that combines high-level and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, low toxicity, and environmental safety. In this study, 90 Phytophthora capsici isolates obtained from various regions in southern China were characterized for their baseline sensitivity to tetramycin. The protective and curative activities of tetramycin against P. capsici were determined on leaves of pepper, and the control efficacy of tetramycin in greenhouse experiments was also determined. Compared with mycelial growth, the formation of sporangia and the discharge of zoospores were inhibited by lower concentrations of tetramycin, approximately 5 µg ml−1 on V8 media. The frequency distribution curves for the tetramycin sensitivity were unimodal, with mean values for the fungicide concentration that reduced mycelial growth, sporangia formation, and zoospore discharge by 50% compared with the control of 1.18 ± 0.91, 0.64 ± 0.42, and 0.63 ± 0.30 µg ml−1, respectively. In addition, no correlation was observed between tetramycin and other fungicides tested, including mandipropamid, azoxystrobin, mefenoxam, fluazinam, fluopicolide, and famoxadone. Tetramycin exhibited both protective and curative effects against P. capsici in vitro, and its protective activity was better than its curative activity. In greenhouse experiments, tetramycin concentration of 60 and 90 µg ml−1 provided a protective control efficacy of 47.1 to 56.4% and curative efficacy of 43.3 to 52.7%. These results demonstrated that tetramycin could serve as an excellent alternative fungicide to control Phytophthora blight of pepper.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Phytophthora parasitica and P. capsici by Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Extract of Artemisia absinthium

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Kevin D. Belfield ◽  
David Norman ◽  
Mary Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Application of nanoparticles for controlling plant pathogens is a rapidly emerging area in plant disease management, and nanoparticles synthesis methods that are economical and ecofriendly are extensively investigated. In this project, we investigated the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium against several Phytophthora spp., which cause many economically important crop diseases. In in vitro dose-response tests conducted in microtiter plates, 10 µg ml−1 of AgNPs inhibited mycelial growth of P. parasitica, P. infestans, P. palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. tropicalis, P. capsici, and P. katsurae. Detailed in vitro dose-response analyses conducted with P. parasitica and P. capsici revealed that AgNPs synthesized with A. absinthium extract were highly potent (IC50: 2.1 to 8.3 µg ml−1) and efficacious (100%) in inhibiting mycelial growth, zoospore germination, germ tube elongation, and zoospore production. Interestingly, AgNP treatment accelerated encystment of zoospores. Consistent with in vitro results, in planta experiments conducted in a greenhouse revealed that AgNP treatments prevented Phytophthora infection and improved plant survival. Moreover, AgNP in in planta experiments did not produce any adverse effects on plant growth. These investigations provide a simple and economical method for controlling Phytophthora with AgNP without affecting normal plant physiology.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Plant Pathogens by Calotropis procera

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Karla Danielle Nogueira Cardoso ◽  
Maria Josiane Martins ◽  
Thaisa Aparecida Neres de Souza ◽  
Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso ◽  
Patrícia Nirlane da Costa Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Fungal Colony

Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are responsible for stem and pod dryness and white mold in soybean. These pathologies directly affect the quality of seeds/grains and compromise the entire plant. The use of extracts from different plants has been the subject of research for the control of several phytopathogens. Calotropis procera is among botanical species that synthesize efficient compounds for biocontrol. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. procera aqueous extract on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two fungi and five extract concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with 4 replicates. C. procera aqueous extract concentrations were added to Petri dishes containing PDA. After 48 hours, the mycelial growth rate was evaluated. After seven days of incubation, the fungal colony area, sporulation, and germination of P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. There was significant interaction between fungi × extract concentrations (p < 0.05) for all variables analyzed. The mycelial growth rate of P. sojae was lower than that of S. sclerotiorum. The diameter of the P. sojae fungal colony was smaller than that of S. sclerotiorum when concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used. As the extract concentration increased, fungi sporulation and germination reduced.

scholarly journals Effect of Agrochemicals Used in the Cultivation of Soybean and Irrigated Rice on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Gonçalves ◽  
Cândida R. J. de Farias ◽  
Victoria Moreira-Nunêz ◽  
Renata Moccellin ◽  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the agrochemicals used in the cultivation of soybean and irrigated rice on entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae by means of the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The isolates were inoculated in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium containing the pesticides and exposed to spraying with the products. It was observed that chlorantraniliprole produced the best results regarding and was compatible with the two methods of contact of the product with the fungi. Flubendiamide it’s very toxic to fungi, producing 100% inhibition when incorporated into the medium, when by spraying, the fungus M. anisopliae got mycelial growth. Etofenprox and thiamethoxam changed their toxity classification according to the method of contact with product, was moderately compatible to B. bassiana and compatible to M. anisopliae and spinosad showed more compatibility with M. anisopliae than B. bassiana and was classified as compatible. Among fungicides the tricyclazole was the only compatible with the fungus by the spray method. The results showed that in vitro agrochemicals such as tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and etofenprox are harmful to fungi. It was found that environmental interference could minimize the effects on organisms, especially when the chemicals are applied by spraying.

Tulbaghia violacea L. I: In vitro antimicrobial properties towards plant pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeto Nteso ◽  
Johan C. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Soil Extracts

The antimicrobial properties of crude methanol extracts of above- and below-soil parts of Tulbaghia violacea were quantified by means of an agar diffusion method against 6 plant pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi. The growth of 3 out of the 6 bacteria, Clavibacter michiganensis, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris, was significantly inhibited by crude extracts of both below-soil and aerial parts of T. violacea, whereas the growth of Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia carotovora, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens was unaffectedl. Compared with the standard fungicide, both the aerial and below-soil extracts of T. violacea significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of 6 of the 7 test fungi, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and P. ultimum, whereas only the below-soil extract inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum significantly. The broad-spectrum antifungal activity shown by the crude T. violaceae extracts supplied a rationale for a further investigation into the in vivo activity of the extracts under glasshouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Trichoderma species as Biocontrol Agent against Soil Borne Fungal Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijana Bastakoti ◽  
Shiva Belbase ◽  
Shrinkhala Manandhar ◽  
Charu Arjyal
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy

Soil borne pathogenic fungi are of major concern in agriculture which significantly decreases the plant yield. Chemically controlled plant imposes environmental threats potentially dangerous to humans as well as other animals. Thus, application of biological methods in plant disease control is more effective alternative technique. This study was carried out to isolate Trichoderma species from soil sample and to assess its in vitro biocontrol efficacy against fungal pathogens viz. Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotionia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Biocontrol efficacy testing of isolates against different fungal pathogens was performed by dual culture technique.In this study, 5 different Trichoderma species were isolated from 26 various soil samples and were tested against four fungal soil-borne pathogens. Inhibition percentage of radial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii by three of the Trichoderma isolates was found to be 100%; about 62% and 68% of maximum inhibition was observed against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani respectively whereas Sclerotionia sclerotiorum was inhibited maximum up to 23%. This in vitro study revealed that although Trichoderma species plays an important role in controlling all type of soil borne fungal plant pathogens, however, isolates as biocontrol agent against Sclerotium rolfsii was found to be more efficient in comparison to other pathogens.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 39-49

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document