scholarly journals EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF THE SWEET POTATO AND ITS RELATIVES: OPPORTUNITIES FOR MOLECULAR GENETICSTUDIES

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 492e-492
Author(s):  
G. S. Varadarajan ◽  
C. S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
History Of

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and its relatives (the batatas complex) appear to have evolved in the New World and radiated over several geographic centers in the tropics and subtropics. Traditional studies on taxonomy, cytogenetics, and reproductive biology of the batatas complex have enabled us to investigate certain evolutionary aspects. We conclude that this complex is a monophytetic, “polyploid pillar”, evolved by chromosome doubling (euploidy) and interspecific hybridization. We apply molecular genetic techniques to detect variation [restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA fingerprinting analyses] to reexamine some of the evolutionary issues that could not be satisfactorily addressed by the conventional approaches, e. g., phylogenetic history of the batatas group, the diploid ancestors of the polyploid members, homology/diversity of genome(s) within the entire group. We find DNA variation in the hypervariable or multiple copy regions of the genome in Ipomoea species. In addition, we are investigating polymorphism in unique/low copy regions using a battery of DNA sequences from homologous as well as heterologous sources. The success of this study will hopefully shed a new light on the subject of evolutionary biology and may also have potential applications in the sweet potato breeding.

Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) And Inaccuracies of the Spanish Chroniclers. A Chapter in the History of Hispanic American Food

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Exio Isaac Chaparro-Martinez ◽  
Rafael Cartay ◽  
Luis Ricardo Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
History Of

In American chronicles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries mention is made of the edible tuberous root sweet potato<br>

scholarly journals The genome of cultivated sweet potato containsAgrobacteriumT-DNAs with expressed genes: An example of a naturally transgenic food crop

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (18) ◽  
pp. 5844-5849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Kyndt ◽  
Dora Quispe ◽  
Hong Zhai ◽  
Robert Jarret ◽  
Marc Ghislain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Transgenic Food

Agrobacterium rhizogenesandAgrobacterium tumefaciensare plant pathogenic bacteria capable of transferring DNA fragments [transfer DNA (T-DNA)] bearing functional genes into the host plant genome. This naturally occurring mechanism has been adapted by plant biotechnologists to develop genetically modified crops that today are grown on more than 10% of the world’s arable land, although their use can result in considerable controversy. While assembling small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, of sweet potato plants for metagenomic analysis, sequences homologous to T-DNA sequences fromAgrobacteriumspp. were discovered. Simple and quantitative PCR, Southern blotting, genome walking, and bacterial artificial chromosome library screening and sequencing unambiguously demonstrated that two different T-DNA regions (IbT-DNA1 andIbT-DNA2) are present in the cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas[L.] Lam.) genome and that these foreign genes are expressed at detectable levels in different tissues of the sweet potato plant.IbT-DNA1 was found to contain four open reading frames (ORFs) homologous to the tryptophan-2-monooxygenase (iaaM), indole-3-acetamide hydrolase (iaaH), C-protein (C-prot), and agrocinopine synthase (Acs) genes ofAgrobacteriumspp.IbT-DNA1 was detected in all 291 cultigens examined, but not in close wild relatives.IbT-DNA2 contained at least five ORFs with significant homology to theORF14,ORF17n, rooting locus (Rol)B/RolC,ORF13, andORF18/ORF17ngenes ofA. rhizogenes.IbT-DNA2 was detected in 45 of 217 genotypes that included both cultivated and wild species. Our finding, that sweet potato is naturally transgenic while being a widely and traditionally consumed food crop, could affect the current consumer distrust of the safety of transgenic food crops.

Hidden Diversity in Marine Algae: Some Examples of Genetic Variation Below The Species Level

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine J.H. Van Oppen ◽  
Hans Klerk ◽  
Jeanine L. Olsen ◽  
Wytze T. Stam
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identification Of Species

An important aspect of marine biodiversity studies is identification of species and subspecies complexes. Here we present a number of examples from marine algae in which allozymes, DNA sequences and RAPDs are used to identify cryptic species and explore phylogenetic-population level relationships over several biogeographic spatial and temporal scales. In addition to evidence for recent dispersal over large distances, effects of present and past climates are reflected in the phylogenetic history of many biogeographic complexes. In some cases temperature adaptations can also be detected. Phylogeographic studies on coastal seaweeds and oceanic phytoplankton which utilize molecular genetic data contain a wealth of previously unrecognized information relevant to biodiversity.

scholarly journals Production of agrocinopine A by Ipomoea batatas agrocinopine synthase in transgenic tobacco and its effect on the rhizosphere microbial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Tanaka ◽  
Maarten Ryder ◽  
Takamasa Suzuki ◽  
Kazuma Uesaka ◽  
Nobuo Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterial pathogen that causes crown gall disease on a wide range of eudicot plants by genetic transformation. Besides T-DNA integrated by natural transformation in vegetative tissues of plants by pathogenic Agrobacterium, previous reports have indicated that T-DNA sequences originating from ancestral Agrobacterium sp. are present in the genomes of all cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) analyzed. Expression of Agrobacterium-derived agrocinopine synthase (ACS) gene was detected in leaf and root tissues of sweet potato, suggesting that the plant can produce agrocinopine, a sugar-phosphodiester opine considered to be utilized by Agrobacterium in crown gall. To validate the product synthesized by I. batatas ACS (IbACS), we introduced IbACS into tobacco under a constitutive promoter. High voltage paper electrophoresis followed by alkaline silver nitrate staining detected the production of an agrocinopine-like substance in IbACS1-expressing tobacco, and further MS and NMR analyses of the product confirmed that IbACS can produce agrocinopine A from natural plant substrates. The partially purified compound was biologically active in an agrocinopine A bioassay. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and meta-transcriptome analysis revealed that the rhizosphere microbial community of tobacco was affected by the expression of IbACS. A new species of Leifsonia (actinobacteria) was isolated as an enriched bacterium in the rhizosphere of IbACS1-expressing tobacco. This Leifsonia sp. can catabolize agrocinopine A produced in tobacco, indicating that the production of agrocinopine A attracts rhizosphere bacteria which can utilize this sugar-phosphodiester. These results suggest a potential role of IbACS conserved among sweet potato cultivars in manipulating their microbial community.

scholarly journals Inferring the ancestry of everyone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Kelleher ◽  
Yan Wong ◽  
Patrick K. Albers ◽  
Anthony W. Wohns ◽  
Gil McVean
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Original Sequence ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparable Accuracy ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
Inference Methods

AbstractA central problem in evolutionary biology is to infer the full genealogical history of a set of DNA sequences. This history contains rich information about the forces that have influenced a sexually reproducing species. However, existing methods are limited: the most accurate is unable to cope with more than a few dozen samples. With modern genetic data sets rapidly approaching millions of genomes, there is an urgent need for efficient inference methods to exploit such rich resources. We introduce an algorithm to infer whole-genome history which has comparable accuracy to the state-of-the-art but can process around four orders of magnitude more sequences. Additionally, our method results in an “evolutionary encoding” of the original sequence data, enabling efficient access to genealogies and calculation of genetic statistics over the data. We apply this technique to human data from the 1000 Genomes Project, Simons Genome Diversity Project and UK Biobank, showing that the genealogies we estimate are both rich in biological signal and efficient to process.

Origins, Divergence, and Contrasting Invasion History of the Sweet Potato Weevil Pests Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae) and Euscepes batatae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Asia-Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2931-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R Brookes ◽  
James P Hereward ◽  
Gimme H Walter ◽  
Michael J Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potato Insect

Abstract Cylas formicarius F. and Euscepes batatae Waterhouse are the most damaging sweet potato insect pests globally. Both weevils are thought to have invaded the Pacific alongside the movement of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Convolvulaceae), with C. formicarius having originated in India and E. batatae in Central or South America. Here we compare the genetic relationships between populations of the pests, primarily in the Asia-Pacific, to understand better their contemporary population structure and their historical movement relative to that of sweet potato. Cylas formicarius has divergent mitochondrial lineages that indicate a more complex biogeographic and invasive history than is presently assumed for this insect, suggesting it was widespread across the Asia-Pacific before the arrival of sweet potato. Cylas formicarius must have originally fed on Ipomoea species other than I. batatas but the identity of these species is presently unknown. Cylas formicarius was formerly designated as three species or subspecies and the genetic data presented here suggests that these designations should be reinvestigated. Euscepes batatae has very low genetic diversity which is consistent with its historical association with sweet potato and a recent introduction to the Asia-Pacific from the Americas. The distribution of E. batatae may be narrower than that of C. formicarius in the Asia-Pacific because it has relied relatively more on human-assisted movement. Consequently, E. batatae may become more widespread in the future. Investigating the invasion history of both species will help to understand the probability and nature of future invasions.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Characterization of Sweet potato virus G (SPVG) Isolates from Areas of the Pacific Ocean and Southern Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rännäli ◽  
V. Czekaj ◽  
R. A. C. Jones ◽  
J. D. Fletcher ◽  
R. I. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Sequence Identities

Sweet potato virus G (SPVG, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) was detected in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) storage roots sold in the local markets and storage roots or cuttings sampled directly from farmers' fields. Using serological and molecular methods, the virus was detected for the first time in Java, New Zealand, Hawaii, Tahiti, Tubuai, Easter Island, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, and also in an imported storage root under post-entry quarantine conditions in Western Australia. In some specimens, SPVG was detected in mixed infection with Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus). The coat protein (CP) encoding sequences of SPVG were analyzed for 11 plants from each of the aforementioned locations and compared with the CP sequences of 12 previously characterized isolates from China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Spain, Peru, and the continental United States. The nucleotide sequence identities of all SPVG isolates ranged from 79 to 100%, and amino acid identities ranged from 89 to 100%. Isolates of the same strain of SPVG had nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities from 97 to 100% and 96 to 100%, respectively, and were found in sweetpotatoes from all countries sampled except Peru. Furthermore, a plant from Zimbabwe was co-infected with two clearly different SPVG isolates of this strain. In contrast, three previously characterized isolates from China and Peru were phylogenetically distinct and exhibited <90% nucleotide identity with any other isolate. So far, the highest genetic diversity of SPVG seems to occur among isolates in China. Distribution of SPVG within many sweetpotato growing areas of the world emphasizes the need to determine the economic importance of SPVG.

scholarly journals First Report of the Occurrence of Sweet potato leaf curl virus in Tall Morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea) in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Yang ◽  
Z. J. Wu ◽  
L. H. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Natural occurrence of Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) has been reported in Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato, Convolvulaceae) or I. indica (Convolvulaceae) in several countries including the United States, Sicily, and China (1–3). In September of 2007, while collecting samples showing begomovirus-like symptoms in the Chinese province of Fujian, we observed tall morningglory (I. purpurea (L.) Roth, also known as Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt), plants with slightly yellow mosaic and crinkled leaves. Total DNA was extracted from leaves of these plants and tested by rolling circle amplification (4). Amplification products were digested by the restriction enzyme BamHI for 30 min. Restriction products (2.8 kb) were then cloned into pMD18T vector (Takara Biotechnology, China) and sequenced. Comparison of complete DNA sequences by Clustal V analysis revealed that these samples were infected by the same virus, and an isolate denoted F-p1 was selected for further sequence analysis. F-p1 was 2,828 nucleotides, with the typical genomic organization of begomoviral DNA-A (GenBank Accession No. FJ515896). F-p1 was compared with the DNA sequences available in the NCBI database using BLAST. The whole DNA sequence showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity (92.1%) with an isolate of SPLCV (GenBank Accession No. FJ176701) from Jiangsu Province of China. The result confirmed that the samples from the symptomatic tall morningglory were infected by SPLCV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of SPLCV in I. purpurea, a common weed species in China. References: (1). P. Lotrakul et al. Plant Dis. 82:1253, 1998. (2). R. W. Briddon et al. Plant Pathol. 55:286, 2006. (3) Y. S. Luan et al. Virus Genes 35:379, 2007. (4) D. Haible et al. J. Virol. Methods 135:9, 2006.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Host Specialization in the Latin American Clade of Ceratocystis fimbriata

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1274-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Baker ◽  
Thomas C. Harrington ◽  
Ulrike Krauss ◽  
Acelino C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
American Clade

The Ceratocystis fimbriata complex includes many undescribed species that cause wilt and canker diseases of many economically important plants. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences have delineated three geographic clades within Ceratocystis fimbriata. This study examined host specialization in the Latin American clade, in which a number of lineages were identified using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. Three host-associated lineages were identified from cacao (Theobroma cacao), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and sycamore (Platanus spp.), respectively. Isolates from these three lineages showed strong host specialization in reciprocal inoculation experiments on these three hosts. Six cacao isolates from Ecuador, Trinidad, and Columbia differed genetically from other cacao isolates and were not pathogenic to cacao in inoculation tests. Further evidence of host specialization within the Latin American clade of Ceratocystis fimbriata was demonstrated in inoculation experiments in growth chambers using sweet potato, sycamore, Colocasia esculenta, coffee (Coffea arabica), and mango (Mangifera indica) plants; inoculation experiments in Brazil using Brazilian isolates from cacao, Eucalyptus spp., mango, and Gmelina arborea; and inoculation experiments in Costa Rica using Costa Rican isolates from cacao, coffee, and Xantho-soma sp. Hosts native to the Americas appeared to be colonized by only select pathogen genotypes, whereas nonnative hosts were colonized by several genotypes. We hypothesize that local populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata have specialized to different hosts; some of these populations are nascent species, and some host-specialized genotypes have been moved to new areas by humans.

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