TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON CULTIVATED AND KOREAN NATIVE GENUS PYRUS PLANTS BY MULTIVARIATE AND ISOZYME ANALYSIS

Fifty nine morphological characters and isozyme band patterns of glutamate oxaloacetate transminase, peroxidase, glucose phosphate isomerase from fully expanded leaves were used for taxonomic study on 51 taxa consisted of Korean native and principal cultivars of the genus Pyrus. Taxonomic relationships were analyzed by complete cluster analysis method based on Euclidean taxonomic distance of IBM PC SPSS/PC+(ver. 3.0). Among the 39 qualitative morphological characters, a great deal of variations among 51 taxa were observed in immature fruit shape, skin lusterness, hair density on pedicel, anther color, shape of leaf apex and base, hair density on leaf surface, and leaf margin. Considerable variations were found in most tested quantitative characters except in the number of petals and styles. More reliable taxonomic results could be obtained by comparing morphological characters rather than examining isozyme band patterns. Even though there were considerable differences depending upon the methods of investigation, classification of the genus Pyrus by using isozyme band patterns was proved to be a good tool for rapid taxonomic studies.

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Genetic diversity of some apple cultivars in the south of Syria based on morphological characters

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v4i4.14105 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 86-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Al-Halabi ◽

B. Muzher

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Mean Value ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Leaf Margin ◽

Mean Values ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Fruit Diameter

This work was aimed to evaluate genetic diversity among five local and six introduced apple cultivars in the germplasm which located in the South of Syria based on 29 morphological characters of leaf and fruit. The analysis of variance showed significant differences at P < 0.05 for all measured parameters, however the mean values of Limb length and width, fruit weight, length, and width indicated to a wide range of diversity between local and introduced cultivars, that the introduced cultivars have mostly the highest mean value while the local cultivars have the lowest mean values, that clearly found in the local apple cultivar Ksairi (K) which revealed the lowest mean value of fruit weight (FW), fruit length (FL) and fruit diameter (FD) in the comparison with all studied cultivars. Likewise, principal component analysis (PCA) was used and the first 4 principal components accounted for 76.4% of the total variance, with eigen values 29.2%, 18.8%, 16.9% and 11.5% respectively. The main important characters in PC1 are correlated with the high mean value of width of stalk cavity (WP), fruit weight (FW), fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), core length (CL), width of calyx cavity (WC), core width (CW), depth of stalk cavity (DP), stalk diameter (SD), seed width (SeW) and leaf margin (LM). PC2 discriminated among cultivars depending on Fruit shape (FS), leaf shape (LS), over color (OC), maturity time (MT), core shape (CS), limp length (LL) and leaf base (LB) which were able to differentiate between all studied cultivars . PC3 is correlated with the high mean value of Stalk length (SL), titratable acidity (TA), total sugar (TS), and total soluble solids (TSS). PC4 is correlated with the high mean value of depth of calyx cavity (DC), leaf apices (LA) and fruit cross section (FCS). Cluster analysis was also used that divided the studied cultivars into two clusters, the first cluster included all local apple cultivars, in addition to Leaz Golden (LG) cultivar, however AbouGhabra (AG) and Ksairi (K) cultivars revealed the highest similarity, which have the same fruit shape(FS), background color (BC), core shape (CS), fruit cross section (FCS), leaf shape (Ls) and leaf margin (LM). While the second cluster included all the other introduced cultivars.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 86-99

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Pengelompokan Kultivar Ketumbar Berdasar Sifat Morfologi

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v10n1.2004.p32-36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Endang Hadipoentyanti ◽

Sri Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Morphological Character ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Annual Crop ◽

The Third ◽

Taxonomic Distance ◽

Production Area ◽

The Relationship

AbstractCoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual crop, limitedly cultivated in the high land areas. Based on the fruit shape the plant could be groped into three types: globularsmall, globular-big, and ovoid. There were 13 accession numbers of coriander collected from production area in Indonesia or other countries. They were varied in fruit shape and some of morphological characters. To analyze the relationship among the accession based on morphological character, the plant was planted at Manoko, Lembang (1200 m asl). Morphological characters were observed from 10 plant and based on the resulted data, analysis of genetic resemblance were carried out using average taxonomic distance of dissimilarity with NTSYSpc-2.1. Results showed that the accession of coriander can be classified into four groups. The first group only consist of introduced cultivar from Japan, the second group consist of coriander collected from Sungaitarap, Padanglawas, Sumbar, Sungayang, Madiun, Irak, Thailand, and Mesir, where each introduced cultivar made an exclusive sub group. The third group are cultivar collected from Jember and Cipanas, while the fourth groups are cultivar collected from Kadipekso and Temanggung. Collected cultivars from nearby areas tended to belong to the same group.AbstrakAbstrakKetumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) merupakan tanaman herba setahun, dan umumnya dibudidayakan secara terbatas di dataran tinggi. Berdasarkan bentuk buahnya, dapat dibedakan ke dalam tiga tipe, yaitu bentuk buah bulat kecil, bulat besar, dan lonjong. Hasil pengumpulan ketumbar dari beberapa sentra produksi maupun introduksi telah diperoleh sebanyak 13 nomor dengan penampakan buah yang bervariasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengelompokan koleksi ketumbar berdasarkan sifat morfologi. Benih ditanam di Manoko pada ketinggian tempat 1200 m dpl. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan terhadap 10 tanaman contoh. Data morfologi dianalisis mengunakan metode jarak average taxonomic distance of dissimilarity dengan paket program NTSYSpc-2.1. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koleksi ketumbar terbagi ke dalam empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok I yang hanya terdiri atas kultivar asal Jepang. Kelompok II adalah kultivar asal Sungaitarap, Padanglawas, Sumbar, Sungayang, Irak, Thailand, Mesir, dan Madiun. Tiga kultivar introduksi membentuk subkelompok tersendiri. Kelompok III adalah kultivar asal Jember dan Cipanas, sedangkan kelompok IV adalah kultivar asal Kadipekso dan Temanggung. Kultivar yang dikoleksi dari daerah yang berdekatan cenderung membentuk kelompok yang sama

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A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4441 (1) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

JEANNE ROBINSON ◽

JEREMY GIBSON ◽

HELBER ADRIÁN ARÉVALO-MALDONADO ◽

JURATE DE PRINS ◽

JAMES WINDMILL

Keyword(s):

Type Specimen ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Wing Venation ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Unique Type ◽

Species Groups ◽

Primary Type ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Non Destructive

Nearly a century ago, wing venation was introduced in gracillariid taxonomy as a means to diagnose closely related genera and species groups. Recent advances in non-destructive virtual micro-dissections suggest promising approaches with which to revisit the relevance of wing venation characters on historic primary type specimens. Many unique type specimens in Gracillariidae and other microlepidoptera groups preserved in museum collections are in poor condition, and over the course of history have suffered loss or damage to their abdomens. Consequently, genitalia morphology is not available for diagnoses and comparisons. In this paper we emphasize the need to include the type species and type specimens into the broader context of taxonomic studies on micro-moths in general and the family Gracillariidae in particular. The genus Caloptilia has a world-wide distribution and has been the subject of research for more than 200 years, yet the generic boundaries and groupings within the genus are still unresolved due to the lack of a reliable set of taxonomic characters obtained from the primary types. We describe a method of virtual descaling of the fore- and hindwings using the unset micro-moth type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella Fabricius, 1781, in order to demonstrate that the study of historic and fragile type specimens and diagnoses of their internal morphological characters becomes possible by applying new and non-destructive technology.

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A new species of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) from Hubei, China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 350 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

RUI-HONG WANG ◽

MAO-QIN XIA ◽

JIN-BO TAN ◽

CHUAN CHEN ◽

XIN-JIE JIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Central China ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Leaf Margin ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

A New Species

A new species, Scrophularia jinii (Scrophulariaceae), from Central China is described and illustrated. This new species was formerly misidentified as S. fargesii, from which it differs in many morphological characters. Moreover, it is distinct with all known Scrophularia species in its unique deeply double serrate leaf margin with 3–7 big teeth on each side. Molecular phylogenetic analysis further supports its species delimitation and suggests a close relationship with several Japanese and North American species.

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New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5052 (3) ◽

pp. 353-379

Author(s):

JULIO C.C. FERNANDEZ ◽

MARIANELA GASTALDI ◽

GERMÁN ZAPATA-HERNÁNDEZ ◽

LUIS M. PARDO ◽

FABIANO L. THOMPSON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Deep Waters ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Molecular Phylogenies ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Phylogenetic Affinities

Here, we describe four new species of Crellidae Dendy, 1922 and discuss characters and relationships from published molecular phylogenies including crellid sponges. New species proposed are Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov., from southern Chile (15 m depth), C. (P.) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov., from Desventuradas Archipelago (10–20 m depth), Crella (P.) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson & Hajdu, sp. nov., from deep waters off Argentina (750 m depth) and Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov., from the Chilean fjords region (ca. 20 m depth). These new species are set apart from each other and from known species mainly due to aspects of their spiculation. Chelae microscleres and acanthostyles supply characters that might be used to infer phylogenetic relationships and to verify the monophyly of Crella Gray, 1867 and Crellidae, which has seemingly been contradicted by preliminary molecular data available in the systematics’ literature. Our own interpretation of phylogenetic affinities, in the light of morphological characters from previous taxonomic studies, argues for a classification reassessment of materials (vouchers) included in these molecular phylogenies, especially in the case of Crella incrustans (Carter, 1885). We argue that currently available molecular phylogenetic outcomes for crellid sponges are not supportive of the polyphyly of Crella and Crellidae.

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Analysis of non-morphometric morphological characters used in the taxonomy of the genus Pseudechiniscus (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae)

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz097 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Denis V Tumanov

Keyword(s):

Species Delimitation ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

The Family ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Claw Morphology ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

A New Species

Abstract Pseudechiniscus, the second-largest genus of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), is notoriously difficult for taxonomic studies. In this study, I performed a morphological analysis of a new species from Croatia, based on a light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination of 45 specimens from the same sample. Furthermore, I have summarized all available data on Pseudechiniscus species, including their original descriptions, and have analysed the following complexes of morphological characters: (1) arrangement and morphology of dorsal cuticular plates, (2) ventral sculpture, (3) morphology of cephalic, trunk and leg sensory organs and (4) claw morphology. The applicability of these characters in the taxonomy and their distribution in the genus are discussed. Some of the characters traditionally used for species delimitation were shown to be unsuitable and others in need of a thorough reinvestigation. The meaning of the old term ‘faceted’, commonly used but often misapplied, has been clarified, based on the initial definition. Several characters of the claw structure were suggested as potentially useful for species delimitation. The taxonomic status of several old forms and species was discussed.

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Purpose, selection, and application of descriptors for sugarcane germplasm

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/a96105 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 759

Author(s):

D. J. Gallacher ◽

N. Berding

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Distance Estimation ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Plant Breeding Program ◽

Discriminant Analyses ◽

Sugarcane Germplasm ◽

Taxonomic Studies

Purpose, requirements, and application of morphological descriptors for use in a sugarcane germplasm collection are reviewed. Such descriptors could be used to verify the identity of cultivars, and as a measure of genetic distance. Verification of cultivar identity is essential in routine plant breeding and associated research. Genetic distance estimation would enable a better usage of available genetic resources. Morphological characters are perhaps more reflective of agronomic performance and they provide a broader sampling of the genome than molecular techniques. Statistical evaluation of characters for adoption as descriptors differs from most taxonomic studies because the population is hybrid and open, with accelerated genetic drift. The various discriminant analyses provide the optimal character selection technique. Variance components of individual characters should also be analysed to enable character improvement. Different ways of incorporating descriptor usage into the plant breeding program are discussed.

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Taxonomic studies on some little known genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3487.1.2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3487 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

R. A. BURKS

Keyword(s):

Morphological Feature ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

New Combinations ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Valid Genus ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Taxonomic Studies

Some neglected genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) are reviewed as part of ongoing preparation of keys to identification of world genera of these families. Some of these genera are represented by distinctive species which properly belong to larger genera, and some were described based on misinterpreted morphological characters. Bryopezus Erdös syn. nov. is synonymized under Deutereulophus Schulz, Danuviella Erdös syn. nov. under Diglyphus Walker, Cleolophus Mercet syn. nov. and Parpholema Szelényi syn. nov. under Hemiptarsenus Westwood, Dubiostalon Szelényi syn. nov. under Neotrichoporoides Girault, and Dudichilla Szelényi syn. nov. under Syntomopus Walker. Deutereulophus brevipennis (Erdös) comb. nov., Diglyphus subplanus (Erdös) comb. nov., Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet) comb. nov., Hemiptarsenus virescens (Storozheva) comb. nov., Neotrichoporoides inusitatus (Szelényi) comb. nov., Mesopolobus fuscus (Szelényi) comb. nov., Syntomopus crassicornis (Szelényi) comb. nov. are new combinations resulting from these changes. Two species are transferred to their proper genera: the brachypterous species Necremnus collaris (Szelényi) comb. nov. from Microlycus Thomson, and Mesopolobus fuscus (Szelényi) comb. nov. from Tricolas Bouček. Neanica Erdös is discussed as a distinct and valid genus within Pteromalinae, with comparison to other genera. The replacement name Hemiptarsenus collapsus nom. nov. is chosen for Parpholema collaris Szelényi, which becomes a junior homonym of Hemiptarsenus collaris (Ashmead). Reasons for taxonomic changes are discussed with reference to distinctive features shared with species in other genera. One newly discovered morphological feature is discussed, the prepectal bulge found in some Sphegigastrini (Pteromalidae). Photographs of type specimens are provided to facilitate future recognition of these species.

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Taxonomic studies on the genus Atrichum in North America

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b69-050 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 353-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert R. Ireland

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

Distinct Species ◽

The United States ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Taxonomic Study ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

The Status ◽

Taxonomic Studies

A taxonomic study was made of several North American taxa in the genus Atrichum. The primary emphasis was on the Canadian taxa and a key to the six species (A. altecristatum, A. angustatum, A. crispum, A. oerstedianum, A. selwynii, A. undulatum) and one variety (A. undulatum var. gracilisetum) of the country is presented. Atrichum oerstedianum, which has been confused with A. undulatum, is added to the moss flora of the United States and Canada. The distribution of A. crispum is clarified and a detailed study of the species revealed new morphological characters that are useful to distinguish it. A variety of A. undulatum, the var. altecristatum, is raised to the rank of a species and morphological and distributional data are given to support the status of A. selwynii as a distinct species. The first chromosome counts are reported for A. selwynii (n = 7) and A. altecristatum (n = 14). Detailed descriptions are provided for A. altecristatum, A. crispum, A. oerstedianum, and A. selwynii.

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Phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca (Coniandreae, Cucurbitaceae), two genera of the dry lands of North America

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.201.3.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 201 (3) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Rafael Lira ◽

Victoria Sosa ◽

Talitha Legaspi ◽

Patricia Dávila

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Monophyletic Group ◽

Total Evidence ◽

Southern United States ◽

Priority Rule ◽

Single Specimen ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Taxonomic Studies

We examine the limits and phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca belonging to tribe Coniandreae in the Cucurbitaceae. These taxa are found in xeric areas from southern United States to Guatemala. There has been no previous phylogenetic studies considering all their taxa together, just partially. Furthermore, we include as well species of Dieterlea, another similar and sympatric genus which recognition is under debate, formerly considered as a synonym of Ibervillea. Using molecular and morphological characters we performed molecular and total evidence parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Our results confirm that species in Ibervillea and Dieterlea are part of a monophyletic group, supporting the integration of both genera as proposed in previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies. By examining all the species of the three genera, our results are the first to suggest that Tumamoca is also part of this monophyletic group. Therefore we propose that the species of Ibervillea, Dieterlea, and one species of Tumamoca should be included into the same genus. According to the priority rule, Ibervillea is the name to be used. Tumamoca macdougalli needs to be transferred to Ibervillea and the combination is made here. We suggest that the second species in Tumamoca, T. mucronata, known by a single specimen that is lost, does not deserve recognition.

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