scholarly journals SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF HEATING ON DISINFESTATION PROTOCOLS FOR PAPAYA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 679d-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seltenrich ◽  
W.G. Laidlaw ◽  
Harvey T. Chan ◽  
C.F. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Rate Laws ◽  
Rate Expression ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Fly Larvae

The disinfestation protocol for fruit often requires a delicate balance between suppression of the pest and avoidance of fruit damage. In Hawaii both hot-water and hot-air treatments are used for papaya destined for export. A computer simulation of the heat flow can be used to obtain the temperature Tα(x,t) at every point x in the papaya and every time t for any given heating protocol α. The activity of the ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) has been used as a measure of fruit damage and the “kill” of fruit-fly larvae/eggs as a measure of pest control. The degradation of the EFE measured experimentally for a fixed temperature T and at several times t can be analyzed to yield a rate expression R1(T,t). Similarly the survival of fruit-fly larvae/eggs can be used to establish a rate expression R2(T,t). The temperature space-time expression, Tα(x,t), for a chosen heating protocol α, and the rate laws R1(T,t) and R2(T,t) can be used to calculate the effect on EFE activity, EFEα(x,t), and pest control, PCα(x,t), at every point in the fruit and time of the protocol. For example the effect of different heating schedules, different heating fluids or even the role of “pre-conditioning” can be assessed.

Conditioning with hot air reduces heat damage caused to 'Kensington' mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) by hot water disinfestation treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Jacobi ◽  
LS Wong ◽  
JE Giles
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Internal Cavities

Hot water treatment (HWT) offers a cost-effective method for fruit fly disinfestation but may cause injury to 'Kensington' mango (Mangifera indica Linn.). Conditioning fruit with hot air before disinfestation may alleviate these injuries. Fruit from 2 major production regions in Queensland were subjected to conditioning treatments with hot air (38-40�C) for 0, 4,8, 12, and 16 h before HWT (fruit core temperature of 45�C held for 30 min). Injuries to fruit not conditioned before HWT included accentuated lenticel spotting, external and internal cavities, and a starchy layer beneath the skin. Fruit conditioned for 8 or 12 h before HWT had minimal injuries. Conditioning with hot air before HWT has the potential to minimise and/or eliminate heat injuries associated with hot water disinfestation treatment. Further testing, particularly on a commercial scale, will be required to optimise these conditioning treatments for use by the Australian mango industry.

scholarly journals Role of Abiotic Factors on Seasonal Abundance and Infestation of Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (COQ.) on Bitter Gourd

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avadhesh Raghuvanshi ◽  
Subrata Satpathy ◽  
Debi Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Second Peak

Role of Abiotic Factors on Seasonal Abundance and Infestation of Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (COQ.) on Bitter Gourd Throughout the year, there was an abundance of fruit flies in Cue-lure baited traps. Two peaks; in summer and kharif (Autumn) coincided with the 14 SW and 43 SW respectively. In kharif, maximum bitter gourd fruit damage (62.70%) occurred in the 45 SW. A second peak, with 49.70% fruit damage was observed during the 15 SW period. The temperature (maximum and minimum) showed a significant positive correlation with adult abundance, fruit damage and pupal population. The temperature recorded during the preceding first, second and third weeks had a slightly greater impact than the temperature of the current week in which the fruit fly abundance had been checked. Other abiotic factors had a non-significant effect on fruit fly adult activity, fruit damage and pupal population.

scholarly journals A comparison of postharvest quality of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) after disinfestation with hot air or hot water treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeseei Molimau-Samasoni ◽  
Veronica Vaaiva ◽  
Semi Seruvakula ◽  
Angelika Tugaga ◽  
Guinevere Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Water Treatments

Breadfruit from Samoa potentially host the Pacific fruit fly (Bactrocera xanthodes) and so their export to New Zealand requires a disinfestation treatment. Heat treatments by air (HAT) or water (HWT) are common fruit-fly disinfestation treatments for tropical crops. Two breadfruit cultivars – Puou and Ma’afala – were subjected to three heat treatments, HAT-1 (minimum 47.2oC for 20 min at core), HAT-2 (49.0oC for 100 min at core) and HWT (47.2oC for 20 min at core), and an untreated control was also included. Fruit were stored for one week at 15oC followed by three days at 25oC. Disorders observed were heat damage to the skin (blackening) and increased decay on the body and stem-end. Heat damage was at an acceptably low level following HAT-1 but was unacceptable following HAT-2 or HWT. Initial results suggest that a HAT can be tolerated, but the effect of ramp rate and the potential of using a two-step HWT system should be examined.

DETERMINING THE PROFITABILITY OF GREENHOUSE ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES: A MODELING APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249a-249
Author(s):  
Eric A. Lavoie ◽  
Damien de Halleux ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Claude Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The main objective of this research was to produce a simulated model that permitted the evaluation of operating costs of commercial greenhouse tomato growers with respect to heating methods (hot air, hot water, radiant and heat pumps) and the use of artificial lighting for 1991 and 1992. This research showed that the main factors that negatively influence profitability were energy consumption during cold periods and the price of tomatoes during the summer season. The conventional hot water system consumed less energy than the heat pump system and produced marketable fruit yields similar to those from the heat pump system. The hot water system was generally more profitable in regards to energy consumption and productivity. Moreover, investment costs were less; therefore, this system gives best overall financial savings. As for radiant and hot air systems, their overall financial status falls between that of the hot water system and the heat pump. The radiant system proved to be more energy efficient that the hot air system, but the latter produced a higher marketable fruit yield over the 2-year study.

Commodity Heating Medium and Mexican Fruit Fly Mortality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 533e-533
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Heating Medium

The objective of this research was to investigate whether the medium used to transfer heat to a commodity influenced the mortality of Mexican fruit fly larvae. A similar 2-h heat dose was delivered to grapefruit via immersion in a variable temperature water bath or via exposure to a rapidly circulating gas. The concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the grapefruit was analyzed at 30-min intervals and grapefruit center temperatures recorded every 60 s during heating. The mortality of larvae located inside grapefruit during heating in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water was significantly higher than that of larvae located inside grapefruit heated in air. The internal atmosphere of grapefruit heated in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water contained significantly higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen than grapefruit heated in air. Larval mortality was compared after larvae were heated in media by rapidly circulating air or by an atmosphere containing 4 kPa of oxygen and 18 kPa of carbon dioxide to evaluate whether the altered atmosphere or a heat-induced fruit metabolite was responsible for enhanced mortality. The significantly higher mortality of larvae heated in media in the presence of an altered atmosphere suggested that the altered atmosphere enhanced larval mortality. Results from this research suggest that reducing oxygen and or increasing the level of carbon dioxide during heating can enhance mortality of the Mexican fruit fly and potentially reduce the heat dose required for quarantine security.

Non-native poeciliids in hot water: the role of thermal springs in facilitating invasion of tropical species

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quenton M. Tuckett ◽  
Katelyn M. Lawson ◽  
Taylor N. Lipscomb ◽  
Jeffrey E. Hill ◽  
Wesley M. Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Springs ◽  
Tropical Species

scholarly journals Natural Zeitgebers Under Temperate Conditions Cannot Compensate for the Loss of a Functional Circadian Clock in Timing of a Vital Behavior in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042199811
Author(s):  
Franziska Ruf ◽  
Oliver Mitesser ◽  
Simon Tii Mungwa ◽  
Melanie Horn ◽  
Dirk Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Clock Mutant ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
The Right

The adaptive significance of adjusting behavioral activities to the right time of the day seems obvious. Laboratory studies implicated an important role of circadian clocks in behavioral timing and rhythmicity. Yet, recent studies on clock-mutant animals questioned this importance under more naturalistic settings, as various clock mutants showed nearly normal diel activity rhythms under seminatural zeitgeber conditions. We here report evidence that proper timing of eclosion, a vital behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, requires a functional molecular clock under quasi-natural conditions. In contrast to wild-type flies, period01 mutants with a defective molecular clock showed impaired rhythmicity and gating in a temperate environment even in the presence of a full complement of abiotic zeitgebers. Although period01 mutants still eclosed during a certain time window during the day, this time window was much broader and loosely defined, and rhythmicity was lower or lost as classified by various statistical measures. Moreover, peak eclosion time became more susceptible to variable day-to-day changes of light. In contrast, flies with impaired peptidergic interclock signaling ( Pdf01 and han5304 PDF receptor mutants) eclosed mostly rhythmically with normal gate sizes, similar to wild-type controls. Our results suggest that the presence of natural zeitgebers is not sufficient, and a functional molecular clock is required to induce stable temporal eclosion patterns in flies under temperate conditions with considerable day-to-day variation in light intensity and temperature. Temperate zeitgebers are, however, sufficient to functionally rescue a loss of PDF-mediated clock-internal and -output signaling

Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
Marta Pitarch-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Stress Signals

BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.

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