scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NEWLY DEVISED AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF GRAFTING IN ONE-YEAR-OLD `FUJI' APPLE TREES/ M.2 /MALUS PRUN1FOLIA SEEDLINGS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 691b-691
Author(s):  
Yong-Koc Kim ◽  
Yong-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
One Year

Experiments were carried out to evaluate some newly devised and conventional methods of grafting using `Fuji' apple trees on M.26/M. prunifolia rootstocks. Out of various methods of grafting, the modified inverted-veneer grafting and the inverted bark grafting showed a complete healing of the grafting union leaving no part of xylem tissue exposed in the air. However, owing to the longer period of growth for the trees grafted by the modified inverted-veneer grafting than the inverted bark grafting during the period of one growing season, the modified inverted-veneer gave slightly better shoot growth than the inverted bark grafting. It was clear that the former two methods were superior to the all other grafting methods, i.e., whip-and-tongue grafting, modified veneer grafting, inverted-veneer grafting, bark grafting, and chip budding in the grafting union healing, shoot growth, and tree form performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Rootstock on Nitrogen and Water Use in Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 486A-486
Author(s):  
H. Khemira ◽  
L.E. Schrader ◽  
F.J. Peryea ◽  
R. Kammereck ◽  
R. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
One Year ◽  
Solution Uptake ◽  
Whole Tree

One-year-old `Fuji' apple trees on six rootstocks (Mark, M.9, M.26, M.7A, MM.106, and MM.111) were compared for N and water uptake and utilization. The trees were potted in sand and subjected to a 75-day N-deprivation period (supplied with modified Hoagland's solution lacking N) to deplete their N reserves. Thereafter, they were supplied with a complete modified Hoagland's solution. Uptake of water and N differed by rootstock. Water and N uptake were positively related to tree dry weight (r = +0.97, P = 0.001). Trees that had the highest N concentrations at planting were the last to set bud during the N-deprivation-phase. Tree size after one growing season depended largely on rootstock girth and whole-tree-Nconcentration at planting (r2 = 0.80, P = 0.0001) regardless of rootstock. Water and N uptake efficiency (liter of water or mg N absorbed per g root dry weight, respectively) differed among the rootstocks, being highest for trees on MM.111 and lowest for trees on M.7A rootstock. Nitrogen and water utilization efficiency (g dry weight gained per mg N or per liter of water absorbed, respectively) were not influenced by the rootstock.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals Response of Micropropagated Apple Trees to Field Establishment Procedures

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Growth, flowering, and fruiting of micropropagated `Jonathan' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before being transferred to the field. Trees pruned low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional area after the first growing season than those pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting cultural practices on vegetative growth diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected by the treatments.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Shoot Growth and Stored Assimilates after Pruning in One-year-old Apple Trees

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Jianbo Xu ◽  
Osamu Arakawa ◽  
Takenori Asada
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Effect of Prohexadione-calcium on the Shoot Growth, Fruits, Endogenous Hormones and Expression of GA-related Genes in ‘Fuji’ Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Yaofeng Song ◽  
Fengnan chen ◽  
Dan Kang ◽  
Linsen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Time Point

Abstract The shoot growth of ‘Fuji’ apple is vigorous, which causes a poor lighting condition and a high cost to prune. Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) has been proven to regulate the shoots growth, fruits and return flowering in apple abroad but there are fewer studies on its effect on the shoot growth, fruits and return flowing in ‘Fuji’ apple in China. Moreover, the mechanism of its action is incompletely understood. So different treatments were applied as foliar sprays to dwarf self-rooted ‘Fubrax Red Fuji ’/M9-T337 trees at 3, 14, 35 and 56 DAPF (Days after petal fall). The results showed that at the end of the growing season, spraying ProCa effectively inhibited the growth of shoots compared to control and one spray of 500 and 750 mg L-1 ProCa, two sprays of 250 mg L-1 ProCa and four sprays of 250 mg L-1 ProCa showed the highest reduction. ProCa had very slight effect on yield, quality and return flowing. During the growing season, two applications of ProCa of 250 mg L-1 on 3 and 14 DAPF significantly reduced the content of GA 1+3 , IAA and ZR but increased the content of ABA in long terminal shoot leaves in at least one time point. The expression patterns of GA-regulated genes showed that ProCa down-regulated MdGA3ox transcript level at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 DAPF and down-regulated MdCPS, MdGA20ox, MdRGL1a, MdSLY1 transcripts in at least one time point. This study provided a valuable insight to regulate the vegetative growth of ‘Fuji’ apple and explored the mechanism of ProCa action.

scholarly journals Increasing Tree Complexity and Bearing Potential in Young `Fuji' Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 506E-507
Author(s):  
Marius Huysamer
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Old Trees

Under typical South African growing conditions, `Fuji' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees are characterized by strong apical dominance during the first few years after planting. This, together with the current lack of suitable precocious rootstocks and the tip-bearing habit, causes willowy “blind wood” growth with few flowering positions, and delays bearing until the third leaf when a crop of less than 10 tons/hectare can be realized. Promalin (GA4+7 and benzyladenine, Abbott Laboratories) was used in combination with apical meristem defoliation and Agral or Armoblen as surfactant/penetrant to induce sylleptic shoot growth in an effort to increase tree complexity (i.e., branching) without having to resort to pruning, which is dwarfing and delays bearing. The treatments were tested on `Fuji' grafts, 1-year old trees and 2-year old trees in the 1993–1994, 1994–1995, and 1995–1996 seasons, respectively. Concentrations tested were 0, 500, 750, or 1000 ppm, as single or multiple applications in spring. In all trials, randomized, complete block designs were used. Control trees had few, if any, sylleptic shoots or spurs, whereas Promalin in combination with leaf removal or in combination with Armoblen caused significant sylleptic growth to occur. Generally, multiple applications spaced fortnightly, gave best results. Sylleptic shoots were ≈15 cm long, terminated in a reproductive bud, and did not influence the length of the “mother” shoot or the trunk circumference. Based on these results, a combination of multiple applications of 500 ppm Promalin with Armoblen as penetrant, and no leaf removal, is being tested semi-commercially this season.

scholarly journals The effect of Regalis® (prohexadione calcium) on the reduction of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) severity in apple trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sobiczewski ◽  
T. Bubán
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Due to the lack of effective and non-phytotoxic materials for control of the blossom and shoot blight phase of fire blight in pome fruit trees, two novel control strategies have emerged: shoot growth retardation by bioregulators and applying resistance inducer compounds. Prohexadione calcium (ProCa) is the active ingredient of the bioregulator Regalis® registered in several European countries. The reduction of shoot growth elongation is the most obvious effect of ProCa. Furthermore, it causes significant changes in the spectrum of flavonoids and their phenolic precursors, leading to the considerable reduction of susceptibility to fire blight. In Poland, potted one-year-old apple trees of cvs. Gala Must grafted on M.26 and Sampion on M.9 (in 2001) as well as Gala Must on P.60 (in 2002) were treated with Regalis® at a range of concentration of 250, 150 or 150 + 100 ppm, respectively. The inoculation of shoots was made with the strain No.691 of E. amylovora (107 cfu/ml), on the 7th and 21st'day after treatments with Regalis. In Hungary, during the years of 2002 and 2003 one-year-old container grown apple trees of the cvs. Idared/M.9 and Freedom/M.9 were treated with the prohexadione-Ca, the active ingredient of Regalis® 100, 150 or 200 ppm, two weeks before inoculation with the Ea 1 strain of E. amylovora (107 cfu/m1). In Poland, the suppression of fire blight in shoots reached up to 80%, depending on concentration and application time of Regalis®. In Hungary, the effect of prohexadione-Ca treatments, determined by the length of necrotic lesion developed, proved to be better than that of streptomycin used for comparison.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Season and Root Removal on Shoot Growth on One-year-old Apple Trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Osamu Arakawa ◽  
Jianbo Xu ◽  
Takenori Asada
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Planting Season

scholarly journals Improving the Growth of Newly Planted Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 840-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Daniel R. Cooley ◽  
James R. Schupp
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
N Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Application Rate

Increasing the N application rate (in the form NH4NO3 to newly planted `Marshall McIntosh'/M.9 apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) trees beyond 76 g N per tree per year reduced growth in the first two growing seasons. Peat moss or composted manure mixed into the planting hole of `Royal Gala'/M.26 increased growth in the first growing season after planting. The soil-active fungicides, fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl, increased trunk and shoot growth of `Royal Gala'/M.26 in the first season after planting. Mulching enhanced growth of `Gala'/M.26 only in the third season after planting, a season during which the region experienced a drought. Mulching significantly increased bloom on `Gala'/M.26 2 years after planting. The growth of `Royal Gala'/M.26, `Marshall McIntosh'/M.26, and `Ace Delicious'/M.26 was not affected by planting technique planting by hand in 61-cm augered holes vs. planting with a mechanical tree planter. Chemical names used N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-(methloxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); aluminum tris (O-ethyl phosphonate) (fosetyl-Al); 1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium ion (paraquat); isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate).

scholarly journals 318. Deferring Amputation in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Doing more Harm than Good?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S231-S232
Author(s):  
Shiwei Zhou ◽  
Brian M Schmidt ◽  
Oryan Henig ◽  
Keith S Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Knee Amputation ◽  
Management Group ◽  
One Year ◽  
Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis

Abstract Background Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is a leading cause of below knee amputation (BKA). Even when medical treatment is deemed unlikely to succeed, patients with DFO are often resistant to amputation. Methods An observational cohort analysis was done on patients with DFO at Michigan Medicine who were evaluated by podiatry and recommended BKA from Oct 2015 - Jun 2019. Primary outcome was mortality after BKA recommendation. Secondary outcomes were healing of affected limb, rate of BKA or above knee amputation (AKA) and total antibiotic days in the 6 months following. All intravenous antibiotics and oral courses of linezolid and fluoroquinolones were captured. Results Of 44 patients with DFO, 18 chose BKA, 26 chose medical management with wound care. Mean age of the cohort was 61, 68% male, 80% white with a median Charlson Comorbidity Index of 6 (IQR 4,7). The two groups were similar with regards to demographics and comorbid conditions. Those who chose medical management did so because their infection was non-life-threatening and they desired to avoid amputation. One-year mortality was greater in patients who were medically managed compared to those who had BKA (23.1% vs 0%, OR 11.7, 95% CI 0.6–222.9). Considering only the 33 patients who were followed for at least 2 years, 2-year mortality was also greater in the medically managed group compared to the BKA group (38.5% vs 5.6%, OR 10.6, 95% CI 1.2–92.7, Figure 1). Fewer patients in the medical management group had complete healing of their wound/stump compared to the BKA group (46.2% vs 88.9%, OR 9.3, 95% CI 1.8–49.1). In the medically managed group, 18 (69%) patients went on to require BKA or AKA at a median of 76.5 days compared to 2 (11%) in the BKA group who required AKA at 1 and 11 days following recommendation. Median antibiotic days were significantly greater in the medically managed group compared to the BKA group (55 IQR 42,78 vs 17 IQR 10,37, p=0.0017). Conclusion In this cohort of DFO patients where BKA was recommended, medical management was associated with increased mortality, poor healing of the affected limb, and excess antibiotic exposure compared to BKA. These findings are particularly notable as case mix and severity of illness were similar between the two groups. This study can be used to inform providers and patients in cases where BKA is recommended. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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