APPLICATION OF UV-C AND BIO-CONTROL AGENT STRATEGIES TO CONTROL ROT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Applying low doses of ultraviolet light (254 nm, W-C) reduces the incidence of brown rot of (Monilinia fructicola) peaches, green mold (Penicillium digitatum) of tangerines, and Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) of tomatoes and sweetpotatoes resulting from field infection and artificial inoculation. In most studies, applying postharvest fungicide (PF) was better than W-C treatment. In this study, the effectiveness of combining a biocontrol agent, Debaryomyces hansenii (BC), with low UV-C dose for postharvest disease control was investigated. When these commodities were treated with BC 3 days after W-C treatment, the reduction of storage rots was more effective than when UV-C was used alone. For example, the percent brown rot infection of artificially inoculated Elberta peaches 36 hours after inoculation of the nontreated control, peaches treated with UV-C, BC, W-C + BC, and benlate were 100%, 55%, 67%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. The efficacy of W-C + BC was similar to when PF was used alone, indicating that an integration of UV-C treatment and BC can reduce storage rot to the levels of commercial PF treatment.

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THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ON CONTROLLING POSTHARVEST ROTS ON FRUITS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.5.495e ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 495e-495

Author(s):

C. Stevens ◽

C. L. Wilson ◽

J. Y. Lu ◽

V. A. Khan ◽

E. Chalutz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Geotrichum Candidum ◽

Monilinia Fructicola ◽

Low Doses ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Green Mold ◽

Bitter Rot ◽

Storage Rots ◽

Uv C

Low doses of ultraviolet light (254nm UV–C) irradiation reduced postharvest rots of pome, stone and citrus fruits. Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) of `Elberta' and `Loring' peaches was significantly reduced by UV–C. Alternaria rot (Alternaria spp.) and bitter rot (Colletotrichum spp.) the principal storage rots of `Golden Delicious apples showed significant reduction following UV–C treatment. Further application of UV–C was effective in controlling green mold rot (Penicillium digitatum) of `Dancy' Tangerines and `Marsh Seedless' grapefruits, stem end rot (Alternaria citri), as well as sour rot (Geotrichum candidum) of `Dancy' tangerines after irradiation.

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Could Gnomoniopsis castaneae Be Used as a Biological Control Agent against Insect Pests?

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4066

Author(s):

Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽

Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽

Aristeidis Ntoukas ◽

George T. Tziros ◽

Konstantinos Poulas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Control Agent ◽

Effective Control ◽

Mortality Factor ◽

Perennial Crop ◽

Gall Wasp ◽

Pathogenic Potential

Gnomoniopsis castaneae is the cause of the chestnut brown rot but has been also regarded as an important mortality factor for the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. The question to whether G. castaneae could serve as a natural biocontrol agent against insect pests is investigated in the present study. We used three serious insect pests as experimental model insects: Plodia interpuctella and Trogoderma granarium, which are important pests of stored products, and Myzus persicae, a cosmopolitan, serious pest of annual and perennial crop plants. Although chemical pesticides represent effective control means, they are also related to several environmental and health risks. In search for alternative pest management methods, scientific interest has been focused, inter alia, on the use of entomopathogenic fungi. While Isaria fumosorosea has long been recognized as an effective control agent against several pests, G.castaneae has been very little studied. The present study examined whether and to what extent G. castaneae and I. fumosorosea exhibit insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larvae of P. interpunctella and T. granarium and adults of M. persicae. Mortality was examined in interrelation with dosage and time exposure intervals. Both fungi exhibited pesticidal action. However, G. castaneae induced noteworthy mortality only at very high doses. In general, we concluded that G. castaneae failed to cause high insect pathogenicity at normal doses and may not be an efficient biocontrol agent compared with other entomopathogens. On the other hand, our study reiterates the pathogenic potential of I. fumosorosea. More studies are needed to further our insight into the potential of EF species as a component of IPM.

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THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-C ON STORAGE ROTS AND RIPENING OF TOMATOES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.275e ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 275E-275

Author(s):

J. Liu ◽

C. Stevens ◽

V.A. Khan ◽

J.Y. Lu ◽

C.L. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Low Dose ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Storage Rots ◽

Black Mold ◽

Induce Resistance ◽

Uv C ◽

Positive Effect

The application of low hormetic low-dose ultraviolet light (WV-C, 254 nm) on fruits and vegetables to stimulate beneficial responses is a new method for controlling storage rots and extending the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. The present study was aimed at treating tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) with different UV-C dosages (1.3 to 40 KJ/m2) to induce resistance to black mold (Alternaria alternata), gray mold (Boytris cinerea), and Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer). Thesediseases were effectively reduced when tomatoes were artificially inoculated following UV-C irradiation UV-C treated tomatoes were firmer in texture and less red in color than the control tomatoes, indicating a delay in ripening. Slower ripening and resistsace to storage rots of tomatoes are probably related. The positive effect of UVC on tomatoes decreased as treatments were performed at stages of increased ripeness.

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Effects of Wounding, Inoculum Density, and Biological Control Agents on Postharvest Brown Rot of Stone Fruits

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.11.1210 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (11) ◽

pp. 1210-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Chuanxue Hong ◽

Themis J. Michailides ◽

Brent A. Holtz

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Control Agent ◽

Inoculum Density ◽

Stone Fruits ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Further Development ◽

Spore Load

The effects of wounding, inoculum density, and three isolates (New, Ta291, and 23-E-6) of Trichoderma spp. and one isolate (BI-54) of Rhodotorula sp. on postharvest brown rot of stone fruits were determined at 20°C and 95% relative humidity (RH). Brown rot was observed frequently on wounded nectarine, peach, and plum fruits inoculated with two spores of Monilinia fructicola per wound, and occasionally on unwounded nectarine and peach fruits inoculated with the same spore load. Brown rot was observed on wounded plums only. A substantial increase in lesion diameter of brown rot was also recorded on wounded nectarines and peaches inoculated with suspensions of ≤20 spores and ≤200 spores per wound, respectively, compared with unwounded fruit. At concentrations of 107 and 108 spores per ml, all Trichoderma isolates substantially reduced brown rot on peaches (63 to 98%) and plums (67 to 100%) when fruits were inoculated with M. fructicola following the application of a biological control agent. Similarly, at 108 spores per ml, the yeast BI-54 also suppressed brown rot on peaches completely and on plums by 54%. Significant brown rot reduction was also achieved with the isolate New at a concentration of 108 spores per ml, even when the biocontrol agent was applied 12 h after inoculation with M. fructicola and under continuous conditions of 95% RH. The isolates Ta291 and 23-E-6 also reduced brown rot significantly under drier (50% RH) incubation conditions. These isolates provided the best control of brown rot on plums when they were applied 12 h earlier than inoculation with M. fructicola. Satisfactory control of brown rot on plums inoculated with M. fructicola at 8 × 104 spores per ml was achieved with New at 106 spores per ml and with Ta291 at 107 spores per ml. Measures taken to avoid injuring fruit will greatly reduce brown rot of stone fruit at any spore load for plum, but only at ≤50 spores per mm2 for peach, and at ≤5 spores per mm2 for nectarine. This study identifies two isolates (Ta291 and New) of Trichoderma atroviride, one isolate (23-E-6) of T. viride, and one of Rhodotorula sp. that show potential for further development as biocontrol agents of postharvest brown rot of stone fruits.

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Impact of UV-C Radiation Applied during Plant Growth on Pre- and Postharvest Disease Sensitivity and Fruit Quality of Strawberry

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-20-0306-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (12) ◽

pp. 3239-3247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Forges ◽

M. Bardin ◽

L. Urban ◽

J. Aarrouf ◽

F. Charles

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Postharvest Disease ◽

Flowering Initiation ◽

Ultraviolet C ◽

Uv C

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation is efficient in reducing the development of diseases in many species, including strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Several studies suggest that UV-C radiation is effective not only because of its disinfecting effect but also because it may stimulate plant defenses. In this study, the effect of preharvest UV-C radiation applied during strawberry cultivation on plant growth, fruit quality, and susceptibility to major fungal diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew, and soft rot was evaluated. UV-C treatments had an impact on flowering initiation and fruit development. Flowering occurred earlier for UV-C-treated plants than for nontreated plants. At harvest, a larger amount of fruit was produced by treated plants despite their slight decrease in leaf area. UV-C treatment did not improve strawberry shelf life but did not alter the physical integrity of strawberry fruit. Natural infection of leaves to powdery mildew and of fruit to Rhizopus spp. strongly decreased in response to UV-C treatment.

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Application of Ultraviolet-C Light on Storage Rots and Ripening of Tomatoes

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-56.10.868 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 868-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

J. LIU ◽

C. STEVENS ◽

V. A. KHAN ◽

J. Y. LU ◽

C. L. WILSON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Storage Rots ◽

Black Mold ◽

Ultraviolet C ◽

Induce Resistance ◽

Uv C ◽

Positive Effect

The application of ultraviolet light (UV-C, 254 nm) hormesis on fruits and vegetables to stimulate beneficial responses is a new method for controlling storage rots and extending the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. The present study was aimed at treating tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) with different UV-C dosages (1.3 to 40 KJ/m2) to induce resistance to black mold (Alternaria alternata), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), and Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer). These diseases were effectively reduced when tomatoes were inoculated following UV-C irradiation. UV-C treated tomatoes were firmer in texture and less red in color than the control tomatoes, indicating a delay in ripening. Slower ripening and resistance to storage rots of tomatoes are probably related. The positive effect of UV-C on tomatoes decreased as treatments were performed at stages of increased ripeness.

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Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Angelica M. Reddy ◽

Paul D. Pratt ◽

Brenda J. Grewell ◽

Nathan E. Harms ◽

Ximena Cibils-Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

The Usa ◽

Physical And Chemical

Exotic water primroses (Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach for the management of invasive Ludwigia spp. but little is known regarding the natural enemies of these exotic plants. Herein the biology and host range of Lysathia flavipes (Boheman), a herbivorous beetle associated with Ludwigia spp. in Argentina and Uruguay, was studied to determine its suitability as a biocontrol agent for multiple closely related target weeds in the USA. The beetle matures from egg to adult in 19.9 ± 1.4 days at 25 °C; females lived 86.3 ± 35.6 days and laid 1510.6 ± 543.4 eggs over their lifespans. No-choice development and oviposition tests were conducted using four Ludwigia species and seven native plant species. Lysathia flavipes showed little discrimination between plant species: larvae aggressively fed and completed development, and the resulting females (F1 generation) oviposited viable eggs on most plant species regardless of origin. These results indicate that L. flavipes is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biocontrol agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA and further testing is not warranted.

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Performance of waterborne copper/organic wood preservatives in an AWPA E14 soft-rot laboratory soil bed test using modified soil

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2016-0230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 759-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darrel Nicholas

Keyword(s):

Treated Wood ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Major Effect ◽

White Rot ◽

Equivalent Efficacy ◽

Particulate Copper ◽

Neutral Soil ◽

Commercial Copper ◽

Organic Formulations ◽

Better Than

AbstractSoil chemistry is known to have a major effect on the degradation of treated wood by basidiomycete fungi in laboratory and exterior ground-contact exposures. However, this topic received little attention from a soft-rot (SR) decay perspective. In the present paper, laboratory SR tests were performed with two different types of forest soils, which were also modified. Test samples, made ofPinus glabra(Walt.) (pine) were treated with four commercial copper/organic waterborne preservatives. In addition, soluble or particulate copper and the organic co-biocides quarternary ammonia compound or tebuconazole, were individually examined. After 19 months of soil bed exposure, moderate to severe degradation was observed in all treated samples in both soils. Surprisingly, microscopic examination showed minimal SR decay. Samples in the neutral soil had extensive tunneling bacterial deterioration and the best performance was observed with both copper/quaternary commercial formulations. Samples in the acidic soil appeared to have some white-rot and bacterial deterioration and all four commercial copper/organic formulations showed good statistically equivalent efficacy. For samples treated with only copper, the particulate copper samples performed statistically equivalent or slightly better than amine copper, while samples treated with only the organic quarternary or tebuconazole performed poorly in both soils.

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Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biological Control Agent for Potato Soft Rot in Bangladesh

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/723293 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. M. Rahman ◽

M. E. Ali ◽

A. A. Khan ◽

A. M. Akanda ◽

Md. Kamal Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Control Agent ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

And Storage

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacteriumErwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora(Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was testedin vitroagainst the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited thein vitrogrowth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genusBacillusand the isolate E-45 asLactobacillussp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65in vitroscreening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5–62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers.

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Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Decayed Wood in Magnolia obovata

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2010.011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Kahoru Matsumoto ◽

Futoshi Ishiguri ◽

Kazuya Iizuka ◽

Shinso Yokota ◽

Naoto Habu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Early Stage ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Soft Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Magnolia Obovata ◽

Weight Loss Ratio

To obtain the basic information needed to estimate the degree of decay from compressive strength measured using a Fractometer (CS), relationships between CS and the contents of chemical components were analyzed for Magnolia wood decayed by three types fungi (brown rot, white rot, and soft rot fungi) at various decay levels. Weight loss ratio was significantly, negatively correlated with CS in woods decayed by brown rot and white rot fungi. In addition, a relatively high correlation coefficient was recognized between CS and holocellulose or α-cellulose content, except for wood decayed by soft rot fungus. The results obtained showed that Fractometer can detect the decrease of CS at relatively early stage of decay.

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