scholarly journals Influence of Floricane Number on Primocane Growth, Cold Hardiness, and Yield Components in `Marion' (Rubus sp.) Blackberry

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 781C-781
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Cortell ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Freezing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight Partitioning

In Spring 1993 and 1994, treatments of 0, 4, 8, and 12 floricanes per plant were established in a mature `Marion' planting. Primocanes were measured weekly for the number and length of primocanes and primocane branches. Maximum hardiness of primocanes was determined in Jan. 1994 and 1995 by controlled freezing. Yield components were measured in both the current and following season. Additional plants were harvested in summer and winter for dry-weight partitioning. Plants with no floricanes had an increased number and length of primocanes and branches than plants with floricanes in 1993, with similar trends in 1994. Primocane growth on plants without floricanes showed a 65% increase in primocane dry weight in 1993. However, in 1994, there were no significant differences among treatments. Primocane branch dry weight generally increased with decreasing floricane number. The relationship between primocane growth and the following season's yield components will be presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Waterlogging Stress on Dry Matter Accumulation, Photosynthesis Characteristics, Yield, and Yield Components in Three Different Ecotypes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Ruier Zeng ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
The Relationship

Waterlogging has a negative effect on peanut production, but few studies have focused on the relationship between the geographical origin and waterlogging tolerance of peanut varieties. To explore this problem, three different peanut ecotypes (Zhanhong 2, Zhongkaihua 1, and Huayu 39) were waterlogged for 5, 10, and 15 days at seedling stage (S), flowering and pegging stage (F), and pod-filling stage (P), respectively. The relationship between the ecotype and waterlogging tolerance was determined by analyzing the effects of waterlogging on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and the yield components of peanut. The soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) values in leaves decreased under waterlogging stress, which led to a significant decrease in yield and yield components. The most noticeable effect of waterlogging stress appeared at the P stage and deleterious effects increased with an extension of the duration of waterlogging, where the yield loss was mainly attributed to the decrease in the number of total pods (TP) and the number of full pods (FP). Significant relationships were found between total dry weight (TDW), leaf dry weight (LDW), pod dry weight (PDW), TP, and FP, and the waterlogging stress tolerance index (WTI). Additionally, the waterlogging tolerance of peanut ecotypes is closely related to their geographic origin, where the most waterlogging-resistant ecotype was Zhanhong 2, followed by Zhongkaihua 1 and Huayu 39. Finally, breeding backgrounds and screening indices (SPAD, Pn, dry matter accumulation, and pod characteristics) beneficial to waterlogging tolerance breeding are suggested.

scholarly journals Relationship of Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrates and Cold Hardiness in Canes and Buds of Three Red Raspberry Cultivars

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Palonen
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Controlled Freezing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Canes of three field-grown cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. `Maurin Makea', `Ottawa', and `Muskoka') were sampled from October to April. Carbohydrate contents of canes and flower buds were analyzed, and cold hardiness (LT50) was determined by controlled freezing. Starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and minor amounts of raffinose and stachyose were present in both cane and bud tissues. Glucose and fructose were the predominant sugars in buds. In canes, the proportion of sucrose of all sugars was greater than in buds. Seasonal changes in carbohydrates were related to changes in cold hardiness and mean air temperature during a 5-day period preceding sampling. Starch decreased during fall and was barely detectable in midwinter. Soluble carbohydrates accumulated to 73 to 89 mg·g-1 dry weight in canes and 113 to 131 mg·g-1 dry weight in buds in midwinter. The most striking increase occurred in the concentration of sucrose, but glucose, fructose, raffinose, and stachyose also accumulated. There was a positive correlation between LT50 and the amount of starch, but a negative correlation between LT50 and the amounts of total soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose, and fructose. High levels of sucrose, total soluble carbohydrates, and a high ratio of sucrose to glucose plus fructose were characteristic of a hardy cultivar. Results are evidence of the importance of carbohydrate reserves, especially sucrose, on winter survival of red raspberry.

Cold tolerance of the Antarctic springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola, Hypogastruridae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent J. Sinclair ◽  
Heidi Sjursen
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Recrystallization Inhibition ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Inhibition Studies ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship

Cold tolerance of the springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) was studied at Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica (77°13′S, 166°26′E). Microclimate temperatures indicate a highly seasonal thermal environment, with winter minima <–39°C. Snow cover significantly buffers both minimum temperatures and cooling rates. Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni survives low temperatures by avoiding freezing. Mean low group supercooling points (SCPs) ranged from –35.4°C in October to –28.3°C in January. The lowest SCP measured was –38.0°C. The high SCP group was very small, making up only 18% of the population in January. In October, G. hodgsoni had a very high glycerol content (>80 μg mg−1 dry weight), although this declined rapidly to low levels (c. 7–10 μg mg−1 dry weight) in January. Quantities of glucose and trehalose were low during October, but steadily increased throughout the summer. Haemolymph osmolality was exceptionally high (up to 1755 mOsm kg−1) at the end of November, but this rapidly declined to c. 500 mOsm kg−1 by late December. The presence of thermal hystersis proteins was indicated by both osmometry on haemolymph samples and recrystallization inhibition studies of springtail homogenates. There was a strong relationship between glycerol content and SCP, but the relationship between haemolymph osmolality, SCP and carbohydrates is uncertain.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Helale Bahrami ◽  
Amir Ostadi Jafari ◽  
Jamshid Razmjoo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Salinity Levels

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup> NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Highlights</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Effects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup>NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. </span></p>

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals Determination of leaf area coefficient in sunflower.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
A.S.R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Relationship

For studies on the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and yield components in sunflower a method for estimating leaf area was required. To this end use of the leaf area coefficient (LAC), i.e. the quotient area/(length X max. width), was evaluated. It was found that LAC may be a function of leaf position and plant density, depending on the cv. concerned. For the Russian cv. Armavirec, LAC was independent of leaf position and plant density. For the Rumanian hybrid HS 18, LAC was dependent on leaf position but not plant density. For the French hybrid INRA 4701, LAC depended on both leaf position and plant density, but even in this case, it was concluded that LAC can be a useful aid in leaf area estimation. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Allometric equation of local bamboo for estimating carbon sequestration of bamboo riparian forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
C Prayogo ◽  
C Muthahar ◽  
R M Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Bamboo Stem ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The cause of global warming is the increasing carbon concentration arising from industrial activities, burning of fossils, and land-use change. The purpose of this research was to find out the allometric equation to calculate the local bamboo biomass and then to be able to calculate how much carbon sequestration at bamboo riparian forest since this area was rarely being explored. The parameters observed were the height and diameter of the bamboo stem at 1.3 m height of 6 types of local bamboo using destructive sampling, along with the measurement of bamboo weight. The carbon content of the bamboo biomass, litter, and soil was measured to complement the estimation of total carbon sequestration. The results showed that the allometric equation for estimating local bamboo biomass is Y=0.6396 X1.6162 with R2=0.77, obtained from the relationship equations between dry weight and the diameter. Total carbon sequestration of this system ranged between 81 to 215 tons C ha−1.

scholarly journals Relación entre el peso freco y el peso seco del rastrojo de maíz en diferentes estados fenológicos del cultivo.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bänziger ◽  
G. O. Edmeades ◽  
J. Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of dry matter produced during various stages of corn growth is a important variable to be taken into consideration. However, the lack of drying facilities makes its measurement a difficult task in the fields. A simple method to convert the fresh weight of a crop in the field into dry weight, could be an answer to that problem. In this study, we calculated the relationship between fresh and dry weight of corn stovers, over several, growth, stages of eight corn cultivars of different vigour and maturity period, at two Mexican locations. The differences between cultivars were for percent stover dry weight (%SDW) most evident in the second half of the grain growth stage, when late cultivars showed less humidity than the early ones. The % SDW was regressed against the phenological developmental stage and expressed as a ratio against antesis (R, days to sampling /days to 50% antesis). The equations (R2 = 0.97 - 0.99) with best results were: Early maturing cultivars: %SDW = 12.6 + 0.94R2 + 1.68R4; Late: %SDW = 16.1 - 4.00 R2 + 3.36R4. There were no consistant differences among cultivars with different vigour levels, even though certain differences were noted among the locations and they were attributed to differences in relative humidity. We describe a protocol for determining the dry weight of corn stover by area unit (t/ha) when drying conditions are not available, by utilizing only a scale and a ruler.We also suggest a method to calculate percent dry matter for a real plant parts (including grain).

Population variation in Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, at the northern limits of its range

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
L. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Thirteen populations of Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, were sampled from fields in Ontario, Canada, and Ohio and New York, United States. Only four of these populations were reported to overwinter as rhizomes. The morphology, phenology, resource allocation patterns, and growth of seedling and mature plants of the overwintering and the non-overwintering populations were compared. Field-collected specimens from the nonoverwintering populations had wider culms and leaves and larger seeds and inflorescences. Analysis of material grown in a 5-month greenhouse trial indicated similar differences. Greenhouse plants from the nonoverwintering populations were also characterized by greater percent emergence, larger and faster growing seedlings, earlier flowering, larger culms and seeds, greater reproductive dry weight per plant, and about 1/10th the rhizome dry weight of overwintering plants. Differences between populations within a biotype were evident for both biotypes, although there was little within-population variation, except in rhizome production, where certain individuals of some nonoverwintering populations did not produce extended rhizomes. Among the five enzymes which were examined electrophoretically, only one, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), showed variable isozyme patterns. No differences in enzyme patterns were apparent between the overwintering and the nonoverwintering biotypes. The relationship of the nonoverwintering populations to the cultivated species, Sorghum bicolor and S. almum, an introgressant between S. halepense and S. bicolor, is discussed.

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