scholarly journals Bioavailable Herbicide Residues in Turfgrass Clippings Used for Mulch Adversely Affect Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita R. Bahe ◽  
Charles H. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Grass clippings may comprise a minimum of 35% of yard waste. We investigated whether bioavailable herbicide residues in grass clippings used as mulch would be toxic to desirable plants. In each of three experiments, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was treated with a mixture of 2,4-D + dicamba + MCPP at 0.5 g total a.i./m2. Clippings were collected at 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-day postspray intervals. Clippings at gram equivalent weights relative to desired mulching depths were applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), salvia (Salvia splendens F.), and marigold (Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.) grown in pots. Plant dry-weight comparisons were made at two destructive harvest intervals, from 2 to 5 weeks after mulching. No mulch and nontreated mulch treatments were used as controls. Growth of tomato and marigold was enhanced when nontreated grass mulch was used compared to no mulch, but growth of cucumber and salvia was not enhanced. The bioavailable residues relative to the postspray interval (1 to 15 days) influenced growth of all species. Mulching depth affected growth of all species, except salvia. Herbicide-treated mulch reduced dry weight by ≤80% for cucumber, 73% for tomato, 65% for marigold, and 34% for salvia compared to controls. Herbicide residues apparently increased with mulching depth, resulting in a cumulative effect inhibiting plant growth. Chemical names used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (MCPP); and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba).

scholarly journals Effect of Induced Polyploidy on Plant Growth, Chlorophyll and Flavonoid Content of Artemisia cina

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Kasmiyati ◽  
Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani ◽  
Maria Marina Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
New Information ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Artemisia cina is one of a member of genus Artemisia that has potential as a medicinal plant. However, the levels of Artemisia medicinal bioactive compounds are very low. Polyploidization is an alternative method that can enhance of growth and secondary metabolite productions of plants. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of polyploid induction using colchicine and plant growth regulator toward plant growth, the chlorophyll, kaemferol and quercetin contents of A. cina. Four different A. cina used in this research consisted of two diploid genotypes (TWN and KJT) and two polyploid genotypes (J and M). Induction of mutant polyploid was conducted using colchicine and combination of plant growth regulator benziladenyl (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The measured plant growth parameters were dry weight, leaf area, and plant height. The chlorophyll content of leaves was determined spectrophotometrically, and flavonoid content determined using HPLC. The result showed that the polyploid genotype (M) significantly decreased leaf and root growth compared to the KJT and TWN. In A. cina plants, polyploidization using colchicine is more effective in increasing the biomass than using combination plant growth regulator BA and 2,4-D. The flavonoid content of KJT was the lowest, and significantly different compared to the other plants. This study provides new information about the effect of polyploid on growth and flavonoid content in A. cina. This can be  useful information to develop A. cina to become a medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and NPK Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
F.O. Ogedegbe ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
C.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Katibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Savannah Zone

Abstract The Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria is beset by increasing population and infrastructural development, thereby putting pressure on available land with rapidly declining fertility due to low organic matter content, soil erosion, high temperature and seasonal bush burning. Sesame is cultivated in this zone and the yield has remained very low, compared to yield in other parts of the world. This could be attributed to poor nutrient status and poor cultural practices used by peasant farmers. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in a southern Guinea savannah zone in 2015 and repeated in 2016 cropping season to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The factors imposed were 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm ha−1) and NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1). Data were collected on vegetative traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and yield components (number of capsules per plant; yield per plant and per hectare). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package 17th edition and significant means were separated by using the least significant difference at 5% level of probability. The result revealed that using plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer had significant effects (p<0.05) on plant height (151 cm) and yield per hectare (530 kg/ha). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seeds further reaffirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are important health promoting food in the seeds.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of GS-GOGAT gene expression by plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dragicevic ◽  
Ana Simonovic ◽  
Milica Bogdanovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Nabil Ghalawenji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes (GLN1;1 - GLN1;5), one nuclear gene for chloroplastic GS2 isoform (GLN2), two Fd-GOGAT genes (GLU1 and GLU2) and a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and 2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA3 enhanced the expression of all tested genes in shoots, except GLU2. The observed expression patterns are discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.

scholarly journals Distribution of Trans-Anethole and Estragole in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) of Callus Induced from Different Seedling Parts and Fruits

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Moneim Mohamed Radwan AFIFY ◽  
Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Anwer Abd El-Aziz HAMMAMA ◽  
Mahassen Mohamed SIDKY ◽  
Omneya Farouk Ahmed MOSTAFA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In the present study, seeds from local cultivar of fennel were germinated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) without plant growth regulators. Different types of explants from the growing seedling such as cotyledonal leaves, hypocotyls, epicotyls and roots were cultured on MS medium, contained different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) either alone or with kinetin. Differential responses in the essential oil constituents were observed in the induction and development of callus. The major components of essential oils includes estragole, trans-anethole, limonene and fenchone were studied under different conditions to find out the best methods which could be used to reduce the amount of estragole (not favorite for human consumption) and increase the amount of trans-anethole.

Influence of auxins on somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation in Leucojum aestivum callus

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Ptak ◽  
Anna Tahchy ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz ◽  
Dominique Laurain-Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Leucojum Aestivum ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Response

AbstractIn vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum are considered as an alternative for the production of galanthamine, which is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We studied the effects of auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM on the induction of embryogenic callus and its capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation. The embryogenic response of the explants was from 30% for 25 µM of dicamba to 100% for picloram (for both 25 and 50 µM). 2,4-D (50 µM) stimulated greater callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction as compared to the other auxins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated somatic embryo maturation. Callus grown on media containing 50 µM of auxins produced fewer phenolic compounds as compared with callus grown on media containing 25 µM of auxins. GC-MS analyses showed seven alkaloids in the in vivo bulbs and two to four in callus culture. Galanthamine was detected in callus cultivated with 2,4-D (25, 50 µM), picloram (25 µM), and dicamba (50 µM). Other alkaloids, trisphaeridine, tazettine, and 11-hydroxyvittatine were accumulated only in callus growing on medium with picloram (50 µM).

scholarly journals 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Derived Schiff Base and Its Lanthanide(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Spectroscopic Studies, and Plant Growth Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh N. Naik ◽  
Raghavendra P. Bakale ◽  
Aishakhanam H. Pathan ◽  
Shashikala G. Ligade ◽  
Shreenivas A. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Bidentate Coordination ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derived Schiff base (HL) and its lanthanide [La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(III), Dy(III), Y(III)] complexes were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic (1H,13C, DEPT and 2D HMQC NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and mass) techniques and other analytical methods. HL exhibits “E” and “Z” isomerism and was confirmed by variable temperature1H NMR studies. The spectral and analytical data reveals the bidentate coordination of HL to lanthanide(III) ion, through carboxylic acid group via deprotonation. Fluorescence spectrum of europium complex shows bands at 578, 592, and 612 nm assignable toD05→F07,D05→F17, andD05→F27, respectively. Auxin activity of HL and lanthanum(III) complex on wheat seeds (Triticum durum) was measured at different concentrations. The percentage germination, root length, and shoot length were recorded. An enhancement in the plant growth activity of the ligand was observed on complexation and the best activity was observed at 10−6 M concentration.

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