scholarly journals Changes in Freezing Tolerance, Water Potential, and Gene Expression of Poncirus trifoliata `Rubidoux' Seedlings Exposed to Acclimating Low Temperatures and Long Days

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 580a-580
Author(s):  
Milton E. Tignor ◽  
John M. Davis ◽  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
Wayne B. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Coumarate:Coa Ligase ◽  
Hardy Cross

Poncirus trifoliata is a comparatively hardy, cross compatible, and graft compliant relative of Citrus. The citrus industry in Florida has suffered immense economic losses due to freezes. Although much research has been done in citrus freeze hardiness, little work has been on the early induction of freeze tolerance by low temperature. Poncirus trifoliata `Rubidoux' seedlings were germinated in perlite under intermittent mist at about 25°C and natural daylight conditions in a greenhouse and grown 2 weeks. See dlings were then transferred into a growth chamber at 25°C and 16 hour daylength for 1 week. Temperature was lowered to 10°C and tissue samples were collected at 0, 6, 24, and 168 hours. Freezing tolerance, at –6.7°C as determined by electrolyte leakage, and stem (leaves attached) water potential, measured using a pressure bomb, were also recorded for a subset of seedlings for the above intervals. After exposure to low temperature for 48 hours a red coloration became visible at the petiole leaflet junction an d at the buds, with subsequent exposure to low temperature the coloration spread to the leaves. Clones for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), and chlorophyll ab binding protein (CAB), and chalcone synthase (CHS) were used to probe RNA isolated from P. trifoliata. PAL and 4CL transcripts increased in response to the low temperature. Significant increases in freeze hardiness occurred within 6 hours in the leaves, and increases continued for up to one week. Water potential increased from –0.6 to –2.0 MPa after 6 hours, then returned to –0.6 MPa after 1 week. These data indicate that increases in freezing tolerance and changes in water potential and gene expression can be detected shortly after low temperature treatments are imposed on P. trifoliata seedlings.

scholarly journals Rapid Freeze Acclimation of Poncirus trifoliata Seedlings Exposed to 10 °C and Long Days

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton E. Tignor ◽  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
Wayne B. Sherman ◽  
John M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Complementary Dna ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Red Coloration

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. seeds were germinated in perlite under intermittent mist at about 25 °C and natural daylight in a greenhouse. Two-week-old seedlings were then transferred into a growth chamber at 25 °C and 16-hour daylength for 1 week. Tissue samples were collected at 0, 6, 24, 168, and 504 hours after temperature equilibration at 10 °C. Freezing tolerance at –6.7 °C, as determined by electrolyte leakage, and stem (leaves attached) water potential (ψx), measured using a pressure chamber, was recorded for a subset of seedlings for each time interval. Red coloration (apparently anthocyanin) developed at the petiole leaflet junction and buds after 48 hours at 10 °C and gradually occurred throughout the leaves during further exposure. Complementary DNA clones for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: coA ligase (4CL), and chalcone synthase (CHS) were used to probe RNA isolated from the leaves. No increase in steady-state messenger RNA level was detected. Increases in freeze hardiness occurred within 6 hours in the leaves, and continued for up to 1 week. Water potential initially decreased from –0.6 to –2.0 MPa after 6 hours, then returned to –0.6 MPa after 1 week. Thus, Poncirus trifoliata seedlings freeze-acclimate significantly after only 6 hours at 10 °C.

Down-regulated gene expression of cold acclimated Poncirus trifoliata

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can-Kui Zhang ◽  
Ping Lang ◽  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Narendra K Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Differential Display ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Citrus sp. are important commercial fruit crops throughout the world that are occasionally devastated by subfreezing temperatures. Poncirus trifoliata (maximum freeze tolerance of -26°C) is a close relative of commercial Citrus sp. (maximum freeze tolerance of -10°C) that has been used in breeding programs to develop more cold-hardy genotypes and as a rootstock to enhance freeze tolerance of the scion. Species with greater freeze tolerance vary in gene expression during cold acclimating temperatures. mRNA differential display (DDRT-PCR) and quantitative relative RT-PCR were used to study down regulation of gene expression in intact P. trifoliata exposed to a gradual cold acclimation regime to enhance our understanding of the mechanism that makes this specie so freeze tolerant. Six down-regulated genes were isolated and sequenced. These down-regulated genes showed high homology to the following known genes: chlorophyll a/b binding protein, photosystem II OEC 23, carbonic anhydrase, tumor related protein, pyrrolidone-carboxylate peptid ase and β-galactosidase. Photoprotection and the global control of gene expression related to photosynthesis appear to be important mechanisms for cold acclimation of P. trifoliata. Key words: Differential display, down-regulated genes, Poncirus trifoliata, cold acclimation and quantitative relative RT-PCR

Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S Peeralil ◽  
TC Joseph ◽  
V Murugadas ◽  
PG Akhilnath ◽  
VN Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

scholarly journals Genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling are highly expressed in the bone of patients with the early-stage cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanying Gao ◽  
Ruiqi Wu ◽  
Rongge Liu ◽  
Jianquan Wang ◽  
Yingfang Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Impingement Zone

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown high expression levels of certain inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic genes in the articular cartilage from the impingement zone of the hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), representing an increased metabolic state. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular properties of bone tissue from the impingement zone of hips with FAI. Methods Bone tissue samples from patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were collected during hip arthroscopy for treatment of cam-type FAI. Control bone tissue samples were collected from six patients who underwent total hip replacement because of a femoral neck fracture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression associated with inflammation and bone remodeling. The differences in the gene expression in bone tissues from the patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were also evaluated based on clinical parameters. Results In all, 12 patients with early-stage cam-type FAI and six patients in the control group were included in this study. Compared to the control samples, the bone tissue samples from patients with FAI showed higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P < 0.05). IL-1 expression was detected only in the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in IL-8 expression between the patients with FAI and the control group. The patients with FAI having a body mass index (BMI) of >24 kg/m2 showed higher ALP expression (P < 0.05). Further, the expression of IL-6 and ALP was higher in the patients with FAI in whom the lateral center-edge angle was >30° (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results indicated the metabolic condition of bone tissues in patients with early-stage cam-type FAI differed from that of normal bone in the femoral head-neck junction. The expression levels of the genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling were higher in the bone tissue of patients with early-stage cam-type FAI than in the patients with normal bone tissue.

Induction of hepatitis B virus gene expression at low temperature

2000 ◽  
Vol 1490 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall J. Kosovsky ◽  
Vladimir I. Khaoustov ◽  
Mary Rushton ◽  
Boris Yoffe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Gene ◽  
Virus Gene Expression ◽  
B Virus

Differential effects of early-life and post-weaning galactooligosaccharides intervention on colonic bacterial composition and function in weaning piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Tian ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Weiyun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Recently, we have proved that the early-life galactooligosaccharides (GOS) intervention could improve the colonic function by altering the bacterial composition in the suckling piglets. However, whether the early-life GOS (ELG) intervention could have a long influence of the colonic microbiota, and the ELG and post-weaning GOS (PWG) combined intervention would have an interaction effect on maintaining colonic health in weaning piglets remain to be explored. Thus in this study, we illustrated the differential effect of ELG and PWG intervention on colonic microbiota and colonic function of weaning piglets. Our results showed that both the ELG and PWG intervention decreased the diarrhea frequency of weaning piglets, while the PWG intervention increased colonic indexes. After 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing of gut bacteria belonged to colonic niches (mucosa and digesta), the PWG increased the α-diversity of colonic mucosal bacteria was revealed. In addition, we found both the ELG and PWG intervention enriched the abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producer in different colonic niches and increased total SCFAs concentrations in colonic digesta. These changes selectively modulated the mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors and barrier proteins in the colonic mucosa. Of note, the combined effect of ELG and PWG effectively enhanced colonic SCFAs producer enrichment and up-regulated the butyrate concentration. Meanwhile, the gene expression of MyD88-NFκB signaling and the pro-inflammatory cytokines contents were markedly reduced under the combined effect of ELG and PWG. Importance Reducing the disorders of gut ecosystem is an effective way to relieve weaning stresses of piglets and save economic losses in the modern swine industry. To this end, prebiotics were often added in diet during the weaning transition. In present study, we demonstrated that the ELG and PWG intervention had shown different effects on the bacterial composition of different colonic niches and colonic function in the weaning piglets. Especially under the combined effect of ELG and PWG intervention, the gene expression of MyD88-NFκB signaling and the contents of pro-inflammation cytokines decreased with the increasing concentration of butyrate, which is one of the important microbial metabolites in the colon of weaning piglets. These findings further provided new insights into nutritional interventions to alleviate intestinal ecosystem dysbiosis and gut dysfunction in the piglets during the weaning transition.

scholarly journals Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Bruno R. Simonetti ◽  
Danielle C. Abreu ◽  
José P. Simonetti ◽  
Sandra R. Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Northwestern Region

In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

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