scholarly journals Evaluation of Five Different Plant Nutrients for Their Effect on Yield, Quality, and Postharvest Condition of Bell Peppers in a Subtropical Environment

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 672f-673
Author(s):  
L.P. Brandenberger ◽  
R.P. Wiedenfeld ◽  
D. Makus
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wall Strength ◽  
Bell Peppers

Fertilization programs used commercially for bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) in the subtropical Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas may vary substantially from recommendations based on research. Therefore, a commercial fertilization program used on a significant fraction of the pepper production in this area was evaluated at two locations. Preplant soil tests showed NO3-N levels were low at one location and very high at the other. Nitrogen application where preplant soil NO3-N was low resulted in a six-fold yield increase (from 197 to 1203 kg·ha–1), and improvements in fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit density, wall thickness, wall strength, and carotenoid and chlorophyll a and b contents. No other nutrient application at either location or N application at the site where preplant soil NO3-N levels were high significantly affected yield by size class, fruit quality characteristics, storage properties, or mineral and organic components. Nitrogen application had the greatest effect on dry-weight accumulation and N uptake during fruit set and maturation when N demand was high. Where N responses were observed, N application increased total dry weight in plant and fruit by 150% and total N uptake by 186%, yet this increase amounted to a N fertilizer uptake efficiency of only 12%. Thus, N should be used judiciously to prevent pollution of drainage and ground waters.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Application Frequency for Drip-irrigated Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton P. Cook ◽  
Douglas C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Raised Bed

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of N application frequency through drip irrigation on soil NO3-N movement in the bed profile and on yield and N uptake by tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Sunny') at two locations. Increasing N application frequency resulted in increased yields at Clayton, N. C., but not at Charleston, S.C. The number of fruit produced was not affected by N treatment at either location, but fruit size increased with increasing N application frequency at Clayton. Foliage N concentration decreased seasonally, but neither foliage N concentration nor total N content of the above-ground portion of the plants was affected by N application frequency. Regardless of N application frequency, NO3-N concentrations within the raised bed decreased with time due to plant uptake and leaching. Nitrogen levels declined most rapidly in the area closest to the drip tube.

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Content of Grains of Swamp Rice in Sierra Leone

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer

SUMMARYThe total N uptake, crude protein content, and recovery of N in rice grains varied with varieties. Increased levels of N application gave increases in total N uptake and crude protein content in the grains, though recovery of N in the grains decreased with increased levels of nitrogen application. Irrespective of varieties and levels of application, three split dressings of nitrogenous fertilizer gave greater total N uptake, crude protein content, and recovery of N in the rice grains than where all the N was applied at the time of transplanting of seedlings.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Silit Lazare ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Yehuda Heler ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Vegetative Indices ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Usage Efficiency

Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

scholarly journals Ethephon Reduces Maize Nitrogen Uptake but Improves Nitrogen Utilization in Zea mays L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Zhang ◽  
Yubin Wang ◽  
Churong Liu ◽  
Delian Ye ◽  
Danyang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
N Use

Increasing use of plant density or/and nitrogen (N) application has been introduced to maize production in the past few decades. However, excessive planting density or/and use of fertilizer may cause reduced N use efficiency (NUE) and increased lodging risks. Ethephon application improves maize lodging resistance and has been an essential measure in maize intensive production systems associated with high plant density and N input in China. Limited information is available about the effect of ethephon on maize N use and the response to plant density under different N rates in the field. A three-year field study was conducted with two ethephon applications (0 and 90 g ha−1), four N application rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1), and two plant densities (6.75 plants m−2 and 7.5 plants m−2) to evaluate the effects of ethephon on maize NUE indices (N agronomic efficiency, NAE; N recovery efficiency, NRE; N uptake efficiency, NUpE; N utilization efficiency, NUtE; partial factor productivity of N, PFPN), biomass, N concentration, grain yield and N uptake, and translocation properties. The results suggest that the application of ethephon decreased the grain yield by 1.83–5.74% due to the decrease of grain numbers and grain weight during the three experimental seasons. Meanwhile, lower biomass, NO3- and NH4+ fluxes in xylem bleeding sap, and total N uptake were observed under ethephon treatments. These resulted in lower NAE and NUpE under the ethephon treatment at a corresponding N application rate and plant density. The ethephon treatment had no significant effects on the N concentration in grains, and it decreased the N concentration in stover at the harvesting stage, while increasing the plant N concentration at the silking stage. Consequently, post-silking N remobilization was significantly increased by 14.10–32.64% under the ethephon treatment during the experimental periods. Meanwhile, NUtE significantly increased by ethephon.

Residual effects of nitrogen fertiliser on the yield and N composition of succeeding cereal crops and on soil chemical properties of an Ethiopian highland Vertisol

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamyihun Kidanu ◽  
D. G. Tanner ◽  
Tekalign Mamo
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Current Season ◽  
The Mean

A trial was conducted on an Ethiopian Vertisol from 1990 to 1995 to determine the residual effects of fertiliser N applied to tef [Eragrostistef (Zucc.) Trotter] on the grain and straw yield, N content, and total N uptake of succeeding crops of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) and tef. The mean agronomic efficiency of 60 kg fertiliser N ha−1 was 13.1 kg grain kg−1 fertiliser N applied in the current year and 5.4 kg grain kg−1 fertiliser N applied in the previous year. Thus, the residual fertiliser N benefit was equivalent to 41.2% of the response to current season N application for the two cereal crops. The mean rates of apparent recovery of fertiliser N were 65.8% for current season N application and 31.0% for previous season N application. Soil organic matter and nitrate levels increased linearly in response to both previous and current season N application rates. The current study demonstrates that the residual effect of fertiliser N enhanced the yields and N contents of the grain and straw of both wheat and tef, resulting in a significant increase in total N uptake. Any analysis of the profitability of fertiliser N response should reflect the multi-year benefit period. Key words: N recovery, N residue, N uptake, tef, wheat

Time of Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer to Maize at Samaru, Nigeria

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYMaize was grown for three years at three levels of nitrogen, 56, 112 and 224 kg. N ha.−1, involving altogether nine different timing and splitting treatments. Measurements were made of grain yield, plant nitrogen status and total-N-uptake, and, in one year, movement of nitrate-N in control plot soils. Where only 56 kg. N ha.−1was applied, its time of application made very little difference to yield; at higher rates of nitrogen an unsplit application as late as seven weeks was very inefficient, but only at the highest rate did a split application give any appreciable yield increase over an unsplit application to the seed bed. Consideration of the soil nitrate-N data and the long-term pattern of rainfall distribution leads to the conclusion that leaching is unlikely to be a serious problem in the nitrogen nutrition of early-planted maize.

Soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by landscape position and nitrogen fertilizer

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Upper Slope

The influence o f landscape position on the dynamics of N in the soil-plant system has not been adequately studied. Our aim with this study on a predominantly Black Chernozem soil was to evaluate the effect of slope position (upper vs. lower) and N fertilizer application (none vs. 60 kg N ha-1) on soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N through the growing season. Landscape position had a dominant effect on soil NO3− and soluble organic N (SON) concentrations, especially in the surface 15 cm. These pools of soil N and net N mineralization were greater at the lower than at the upper slope position. The landscape effect is attributed to higher organic matter content (as measured by organic C) and water availability in lower compared with upper slope positions. Nitrogen application had no measurable effect on soil NO3− and SON concentrations. Exchangeable and non-exchangeable NH4+ were little affected by slope position or N fertilization. Nitrogen application increased wheat N uptake; however, its influence was less than that of slope position, especially on N accumulation in wheat heads during grain-filling. Although N application increased wheat yields, landscape position exerted the greater influence: grain yield was less on upper than lower slope positions due to earlier onset of crop maturity. During grain filling, net N mineralization was suppressed at the upper slope position and by N application. The increase in crop yield and N uptake due to N application was not significantly different between slope positions. This study demonstrated that landscape position had a greater influence on N dynamics and availability than the application of typical amounts of fertilizer N and that the two effects were mostly independent of each other. Key words: Available N, landscape position, N uptake, net N mineralization, soluble organic N

CROP UTILIZATION OF PLACED AND BROADCAST 15N-UREA FERTILIZER UNDER ZERO AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N

Growth chamber and field studies were conducted to assess the relative utilization of placed and broadcast 15N-urea by spring wheat. The field studies were conducted on zero and conventional (shallow) tillage systems, of 4-yr duration, located on Chernozemic soils at two locations in Saskatchewan. Placement below the seeding depth in comparison to broadcast application, generally reduced fertilizer N immobilization and increased fertilizer N uptake, recovery, and efficiency. Under moisture stress, placed applications were effective in enhancing dry matter yield and total N uptake. It is concluded that fertilizer N placement for these two contrasting tillage systems should be identical, thus some soil disturbance under zero tillage may be necessary to achieve optimum crop use of applied fertilizer N. The dominant N transformation processes and possible tillage induced differences, in regard to methods of N application, are discussed. Key words: Placed and broadcast N application, N efficiency, N utilization, 15N-urea, zero tillage, soil moisture

scholarly journals Sixty years of Dutch nitrogen fertiliser experiments, an overview of the effects of soil type, fertiliser input, management and of developments in time

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Vellinga ◽  
G. Andre
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Cutting Frequency

Data of nitrogen fertilization experiments of 1934 - 1994 have been analysed, using models for N uptake and dry matter (DM) yield. Both models were affected by fertilizer level, soil type, soil organic matter content, grassland use, cutting frequency, grassland renovation, white clover content and the N content analysis (Crude Protein or total-N). Effects on Soil Nitrogen Supply (SNS), Apparent Nitrogen Recovery (ANR) and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) are discussed. Differences in SNS, ANR and NUE between sand and clay were small, SNS on poorly drained peat soil was 60 and 80 kg N per ha higher than on clay and sand, respectively, ANR on poorly drained peat soil was 7 and 10% lower. The NUE was similar on sand, clay and poorly drained peat. ANR was low at low N application levels, due to immobilization. ANR increased from 35% to 65% at application levels of 50 and 250 kg N per ha, respectively. At application levels of more than 250 kg N per ha, ANR decreased. NUE decreased from 45 to 29 kg DM per kg N with increasing N application levels of 0 and 550 kg per ha. It is suggested that for a good N utilization a minimum N application of 100 kg N per ha should be used. SNS increased by a mixed use of grazing and cutting with 27 and 40 kg N per ha for sand/clay and poorly drained peat respectively. ANR on sand decreased from 5 to 10% at applications of 200 and 500 kg N per ha and NUE decreased with 1-2 kg DM per kg N. The effect of grazing was stronger under pure grazing than with a mixed use of grazing and cutting. Increasing the cutting frequency from 3 to 8 cuts per year had no effect on SNS, increased ANR with 0-20% and decreased NUE with 4-7 kg DM per kg N. The positive effect of the higher ANR compensated the lower NUE at application levels of 400 kg N per ha. Changes in ANR over the last sixty years can be explained by changes in experimental conditions, experimental treatments and chemical analysis. Changes in NUE can be explained by a higher proportion of perennial ryegrass and genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency and Leaching Losses from Lysimeter-grown Citrus Trees Fertilized at Three Nitrogen Rates

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Syvertsen ◽  
M.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leaf N

Four-year-old `Redblush' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees on either the relatively fast-growing rootstock `Volkamer' lemon (VL) (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) or on the slower-growing rootstock sour orange (SO) (C. aurantium L.) were transplanted into 7.9-m3 drainage lysimeter tanks filled with native Candler sand, irrigated similarly, and fertilized at three N rates during 2.5 years. After 6 months, effects of N application rate and rootstock on tree growth, evapotranspiration, fruit yield, N uptake, and leaching were measured during the following 2 years. When trees were 5 years old, low, medium, and high N application rates averaged about 79,180, or 543 g N/tree per year and about 126,455, or 868 g N/tree during the following year. Recommended rates average about 558 g N/tree per year. A lysimeter tank with no tree and additional trees growing outside lysimeters received the medium N treatment. Nitrogen concentration in the drainage water increased with N rate and exceeded 10 mg·liter-1 for trees receiving the high rates and also for the no tree tank. Leachate N concentration and total N recovered was greater from trees on SO than from those on VL. Average N uptake efficiency of medium N rate trees on VL was 6870 of the applied N and 61 % for trees on SO. Nitrogen uptake efficiency decreased with increased N application rates. Trees outside lysimeters had lower leaf N and fruit yield than lysimeter trees. Overall, canopy volume and leaf N concentration increased with N rate, but there was no effect of N rate on fibrous root dry weight. Fruit yield of trees on SO was not affected by N rate but higher N resulted in greater yield for trees on VL. Rootstock had no effect on leaf N concentration, but trees on VI. developed larger canopies, had greater fibrous root dry weight, used more water, and yielded more fruit than trees on SO. Based on growth, fruit yield and N leaching losses, currently recommended N rates were appropriate for trees on the more vigorous VL rootstock but were 22% to 69 % too high for trees on SO.

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