scholarly journals Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Soil pH Effects on Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) Growth, Root Yield, and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 673d-673
Author(s):  
Jeanine M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lath Structure ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Goldenseal was grown in pots of forest soil under a wood-lath structure for 3 years. Soil treatments consisted of four pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5) and four rates of P and N (P or N at 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 kg·m–3 of soil) arranged as a RCB factorial with eight replications. Final root weights were highest with pH 5.5 and 6.5. Although response to N and P rates varied from year to year, final root weights showed no response to P and decreased with increasing N. Increase in fresh weight from initial weight of the planting stock to final total root weight ranged from 5.7× (pH 4.5, P at 0 kg·m–3, and N at 0.3 kg·m–3 treatment) to 28.5× (pH 5.5, P at 0.2 kg·m–3, and 0 N treatment). Flowering, fruit set, plant height, leaf number, and fibrous roots: rhizome ratio were highest at pH 5.5 and 6.5 and not influenced by P or N rates. Preliminary analysis suggest that root alkaloid content was also affected by soil pH.

scholarly journals 430 Spacing and Subsoiling Affect Yield and Quality of Gobo (Japanese Burdock)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 518D-518
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
W.R. Jester
Keyword(s):  
Row Spacing ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

During 2 years, `Takinogawa Long' gobo was seeded with two, three, or four rows per 1.5-m bed at in row spacings of 7.5, 15, 21.5, and 30 cm. Total and marketable yield increased with in-row spacing and marketable yield increased with row number, with greatest yields occurring at 15 cm regardless of row number. Average root weight and yield of forked roots were not affected by row number but increased with in row spacing. Similarly, percent forked roots decreased with more rows per bed. The 15-cm in-row spacing had the greatest yield, but also the greatest weight of culled roots, but none of the populations affected percentage culls. In another study, in-row subsoiling (SS) and in-row banded phosphorus (P) were evaluated. Marketable yield was increased by both SS and P but did not interact. P increased average root weight. Neither SS or P affected forked root yield or cull root yield, but SS decreased forked roots and increased cull production.

Impact of Nitrogen and Weeds on Glyphosate-Resistant Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia J. Spangler ◽  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Kurt Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Weed Removal

Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at two locations in Michigan to determine the effects of nitrogen and weed removal on glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet yield and quality. Nitrogen rates were 0, 67, 100, 134, and 67 : 67 kg N ha−1, and weeds were removed when they were < 2, 8, 15, and 30 cm tall. At the beginning of the growing season, weeds responded to N sooner than sugarbeet. Nitrogen assimilation by weeds was three times greater than sugarbeet at 0, 67, 100, and 134 kg N ha−1 and four times greater than sugarbeet with the split application of N (67 : 67 kg N ha−1) averaged over the weed removal timings. Higher N rates increased N sufficiency index values and sugarbeet canopy closure; weeds 30 cm tall had lower N sufficiency index values and a smaller sugarbeet canopy. The effect of N on root yields varied, but the highest N rates (134 kg N ha−1 or 67 : 67 kg N ha−1) were among the highest sugarbeet yields at all locations. Highest yields were achieved when weeds were controlled before reaching 2 cm tall at three of the four site-years. Delaying weed control until weeds were 8 or 15 cm tall reduced yield by 15%, whereas 30-cm-tall weeds reduced yield up to 21%. Recoverable white sucrose ha−1 (RWSH) also was reduced by 8 to 16% if weeds were 8 cm tall. These results indicate that weeds are highly competitive with sugarbeet and can assimilate large quantities of N early in the growing season, especially at larger growth stages. However, it appears that sugarbeets were able to scavenge sufficient N at the N rates used in this study to overcome N removal effects from larger weeds, resulting in no interaction between N rate and weed removal timing for sugarbeet root yield, quality, or RWSH.

Soil pH Effects on the Shoot and Root Yield of Crabgrass

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B. Aleshire ◽  
Chris D. Teutsch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Root Yield

scholarly journals Effect of different doses of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Mino Early)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Dipesh Dulal ◽  
Deepshikha Baral ◽  
Abichal Poudel ◽  
Karuna Kafle ◽  
Bishal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Different Doses

A field experiment was conducted at Horticulture farm of Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI) Bharatpur-11, Chitwan to study the effects of different doses of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Mino Early) from January 2020 to March 2020. Five different doses (0 ton, 5 ton, 10 ton, 15 ton, and 20 ton per hectare) of vermicompost were taken as treatments and the experiment was replicated four times. The experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The result of the study showed that there was a significant effect of different doses of vermicompost on plant height, the number of leaves per plant, spreading of the plant, root length, root weight per plant, root diameter, and root yield at harvesting. The maximum plant height, the maximum number of leaves per plant and maximum plant spreading in radish plant on vermicompost application was recorded every 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The maximum root length (29.60 cm), maximum root diameter (36.27 mm), maximum root weight (191.8 g), maximum biomass weight (241.6 g/plant), maximum root yield (47.9 ton/ha), were recorded on applying 15 ton/ha vermicompost at 60 DAS. The control treatment showed the minimum vegetative growth and yield. Among the different doses of vermicompost, the overall performance of radish was found better in 15 ton/ha of vermicompost. Statistical analysis showed no differences among (5 ton, 10 ton, 15 ton, 20 ton per hectare of vermicompost) applications. Hence, 5 ton per hectare of vermicompost application will be best for radish production in Chitwan.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Soil pH on Growth and Yield of Goldenseal

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 789D-789
Author(s):  
Jeanine M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Lath Structure

Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a widely used medicinal herb that is commonly collected from forests in North America. An increasing demand for goldenseal has put intense pressures on wild populations and increased the interest in cultivation. Cultural information on goldenseal, however, is limited and contradictory. A 3-year study was initiated to examine the effects of soil pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5) and four rates of P and N (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 kg P or N/m3 of soil) on growth and development of goldenseal. In Spring 1993, small rhizome pieces were planted in pots of forest soil and grown under a wood-lath structure. Plant growth, flowering, and fruiting are monitored throughout each growing season. The plants are brought into an underground storage facility for overwintering. In late winter, roots are weighed, evaluated, and replanted. After one season of growth, root weights were highest with pH 5.5 and 6.5 and no additional P or N. During the second season of growth, the greatest plant growth and fruiting were obtained with pH 5.5 and 6.5 and with the two highest rates of phosphorus.

scholarly journals Protection of Citrus Rootstocks Against Phytophthora spp. with a Hypovirulent Isolate of Phytophthora nicotianae

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Colburn ◽  
J. H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Phytophthora root rot of citrus in Florida is caused by Phytophthora nicotianae and P. palmivora. A naturally occurring isolate of P. nicotianae (Pn117) was characterized as hypovirulent on citrus roots. Pn117 infected and colonized fibrous roots, but caused significantly less disease than the virulent isolates P. nicotianae Pn198 and P. palmivora Pp99. Coincident inoculation of rootstock seedlings of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) or Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata) with the hypovirulent Pn117 and the virulent isolates Pn198 and Pp99 did not reduce the severity of disease caused by the virulent Phytophthora spp. When either rootstock was inoculated with the hypovirulent Pn117 for 3 days prior to inoculation with virulent isolates, preinoculated seedlings had significantly less disease and greater root weight compared with seedlings inoculated with the virulent isolates alone. Recovery of the different colony types of Phytophthora spp. from roots of sweet orange (C. sinensis) or Swingle citrumelo was evaluated on semiselective medium after sequential inoculations with the hypovirulent Pn117 and virulent Pp99. Pn117 was isolated from roots at the same level as the Pp99 at 3 days post inoculation. Preinoculation of Pn117 for 3 days followed by inoculation with Pp99 resulted in greater recovery of the hypovirulent isolate and lower recovery of the virulent compared with coincident inoculation.

scholarly journals Early Sowing Combined with Adequate Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization: Promoting Beta vulgaris (L.) Yield, Yield Quality, and K- and S-Use Efficiency in a Dry Saline Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Ali A. A. Mekdad ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Fahmy A. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Direct

Field trials for two seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) were conducted to investigate the influence of the addition of three levels of potassium (K) (K1 = 60, K2 = 120, and K3 = 180 kg K2O ha−1) and/or sulfur (S) (S1 = 175, S2 = 350, and S3 = 525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) to the soil, as well as the sowing date (the 1st of September, D1; or the 1st of October, D2) on the potential improvement of physiology, growth, and yield, as well as the quality characteristics of sugar beet yield under soil salinity conditions. With three replicates specified for each treatment, each trial was planned according to a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that early sowing (D1) led to significant improvements in all traits of plant physiology and growth, in addition to root, top, and biological yields and their quality, gross and pure sugar, and K- and S-use efficiencies based on root yield (R-KUE and R-SUE). The K3 level (180 kg K2O ha−1) positively affected the traits of plant physiology, growth, yield and quality, and R-SUE, and reduced the attributes of impurities, impurity index, and R-KUE. Additionally, the S3 level (525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) affirmatively affected plant physiology, growth, yield and quality traits, and R-KUE, and decreased impurity traits, impurity index, and R-SUE. The interaction of D1 × K3 × S3 maximized the yield of roots (104–105 ton ha−1) and pure sugar (21–22 ton ha−1). Path coefficient analysis showed that root yield and pure sugar content had positive direct effects with 0.62 and 0.65, and 0.38 and 0.38 in both studied seasons, respectively, on pure sugar yield. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were found between pure sugar yield and root yield (r = 0.966 ** and 0.958 **). The study results recommend the use of the integrative D1 × K3 × S3 treatment for sugar beet to obtain maximum yields and qualities under salt stress (e.g., 8.96 dS m−1) in dry environments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of improved cassava genotypes for yield and related traits for a better breeding strategy under different agroecologies in Nigeria

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Adetoro ◽  
O. O. Oworu ◽  
A. L. Nassir ◽  
A. Bello ◽  
E. Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Fresh Root

AbstractThis study aimed at determining shoot and root characteristics of cassava as affected by root yield and the influence of soil moisture on vegetative growth and yield. Thirty cassava genotypes were evaluated for morphological and physiological characterization in three locations in Nigeria: Ibadan, Mokwa and Zaria. Randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Studies on the pasting properties of the genotypes were also carried out. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, stay-green ability, garri and fresh root weight. Genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) across and within locations for shoot and root characteristics. Across locations, genotype 011663 had the highest plant height (132.4 cm); 30572 had the largest stem girth (8.6 cm); and 010040 was the best stay-green (2.2). Genotype 011086 had the highest number of roots per plot (95.7), 950289 had the highest fresh root yield (24.3 t/ha), and 990554 had the highest percentage of dry matter (35.2). Trends in root yields across locations were Ibadan (28.9 t/ha), Mokwa (20.3 t/ha), and Zaria (8 t/ha). Five genotypes IITA-TMS-IBA950289, 010034, 990554, 011807, and 980581 had negligible interactions with the environment and so have broad adaptation and are considered stable; and two clones 011807 and 950166 were found to be the best for pasting properties. Breeding strategies that consider root size, total root number, harvest index, dry matter, with applications for household foods and industrial uses, will be an effective and efficient way to select genotypes for high yield.

Do fungi and bacteria respond similar across a steep local pH gradient?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kjoller ◽  
Carla Cruz-Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Bacterial Richness

&lt;p&gt;Soil pH is consistently recorded as the single most important variable explaining bacterial richness and community composition locally as globally. Bacterial richness responds to soil pH in a bell-shaped pattern, highest in soils with near-neutral pH, while lower diversity is found in soil with pH &gt;8 and &lt;4.5. Also, community turnover is strongly determined by pH for bacteria. In contrast, pH effects on fungi is apparently less pronounced though also much less studied compared to bacteria. Still, pH appears to be a significant determinant for fungal communities but typically not the most important. Rarely are bacterial and fungal communities co-analyzed from the same field samples taken across pH gradients. Here we analyze the community responses of fungi and bacteria in parallel over an extreme pH gradient ranging from pH 4 to 8 established by applying strongly alkaline wood ash to replicated plots in a Picea abies plantation. Bacterial and fungal community composition were assessed by amplicon-based meta-barcoding. Bacterial richness were not significantly affected by pH, while fungal richness and a-diversity were stimulated with higher pH. We found that both, bacterial and fungal communities increasingly deviated from the untreated plots with increasing amount of wood ash though fungal communities were more resistant to changes than bacterial. Soil NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and pH significantly correlated with the NMDS pattern for both bacterial and fungal communities. In the presentation we will discuss resistance versus sensitivity of different fungal functional guilds towards higher pH as well as the underlying factors explaining the community changes.&lt;/p&gt;

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