scholarly journals Relationship of Seasonal Changes in Endogenous Plant Hormones and Alternate Bearing of Olive Trees

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Baktir ◽  
S. Ulger ◽  
L. Kaynak ◽  
David G. Himelrick
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Endogenous Plant Hormones ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Endogenous Plant

Changes in hormone concentrations in leaf, node, shoot tip, and fruit samples of three Turkish olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (`Gemlik', `Memecik', and `Tavsan Yuregi') were monitored at monthly intervals over two successive years of the alternate-bearing cycle. Concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid-like substances (GA), and kinetin-like cytokinin were determined and their relationship to flower bud formation were examined during “on” and “off” years. Results showed significant differences in IAA, ABA, GA3-like, and kinetin-like cytokinins between “on” and “off” cropping years in various tissues of olive trees. Relative balances between GA3-like and ABA concentrations of tissues appears to exhibit evidence of being a key regulator of floral development and alternate bearing.

scholarly journals GA3, GA4+7, and GA7 Inhibit Flower Bud Formation and Reduce Alternate Bearing in Apple (Malus domestic Borkh.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 787F-788
Author(s):  
Steven J. McArtney ◽  
Li Shao Hua
Keyword(s):  
Selective Removal ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Treatment Application

A single spray of either GA3 or GA4+7 at full bloom reduced the severity of the alternate bearing cycle of `Braeburn' apples, measured as the proportion of flowering spurs over the 2 years following treatment. Increasing the concentration of GA3 applied in the light-flowering year linearly reduced the proportion of flowering spurs in the following year and linearly increased the proportion of flowering spurs 2 years after treatment. Application of GA3 or GA4+7 at full bloom inhibited flower bud formation on spurs only, whereas, in a separate experiment, GA3 or GA7 applied later than 8 weeks after bloom inhibited flower bud formation on 1-year wood only. Thus, delayed GA treatments may provide suitable technology for the selective removal of fruit from 1-year wood in apple.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Formation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): A Case Study of ‘Gyozankouren’ Grown in a Container

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Ishizuna ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The genus Nelumbo consists of two species, N. nucifera and N. lutea. N. nucifera is an ornamental and edible plant that is widely cultivated. Earlier studies of sacred lotus (N. nucifera) flowers focused mainly on morphology, phyllotaxis, leaf arrangements, and flower development. During the growing season, sacred lotus produces one foliage leaf at each node. Flower buds emerge from the abaxial side of the basal part of the foliage leaf. However, the number of blooming flowers is much less than the number of foliage leaves. Little is known concerning flower bud formation during lotus plant development. This is the first experimental study to reveal that every node has one flower bud even in the dormant shoot apex and that most of the formed flower buds aborted in the course of floral development. Our results suggest that flower bud formation of sacred lotus is independent of daylength. On the other hand, whether a formed bud reaches blooming may depend on environmental factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur during Flower Bud Formation on Alternate-bearing of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 442F-443
Author(s):  
Amir B. Izadyar ◽  
Mohammad J. Malakouti ◽  
Ali R. Talaie ◽  
Esmaeil Fallahi
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

Different concentrations of urea and ammonium sulfate were sprayed to 15-year-old `Golden Delicious' and `Redspur Delicious' “on” selected apples trees, after 8, 9, and 10 weeks of full bloom. Leaf samples were taken 1 week before and after sprays for protein analysis with Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR). Percentage of flowering and fruit lenght-to-diamater ratio (L/D) were measured in both cultivars. Number of fruit only in `Redspur Delicious' during “on” and “off” years were recorded. Spray of nitrogen and sulfur chemicals increased the leaf protein contents up to a certain extent. Leaf protein content was not significantly affected by spray concentration, time of application, or cultivars. Foliar application of these chemicals at different periods reduced flower density, but did not have a significant effect on fruit L/D ratio. Foliar sprays increased the number of fruits in `Redspur Delicious' in the “on” year, but did not affect different treatments during the “off” year. The sprays after 8, 9, and 10 weeks of full bloom intensified alternate bearing in the following “off” year.

scholarly journals Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Ethephon Are Florigenic in the Biennial Apple Cultivars Golden Delicious and York Imperial

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McArtney ◽  
Duane Greene ◽  
Tory Schmidt ◽  
Rongcai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Summer Program ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ are apple cultivars that are prone to develop a biennial bearing habit. A successful chemical thinning program with carbaryl plus 6-benzyladenine applied at the 10-mm fruit diameter stage reduced cropload and increased return bloom of ‘York Imperial’, although the improvement in return bloom resulting from chemical thinning was insufficient to ensure a commercial cropload in the year after treatment (fewer than 10% of spurs developing flowers). A chemical thinning program with multiple applications of a naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon mixture during the period from 36 to 73 days after bloom increased return bloom of ‘York Imperial’ trees to commercially acceptable levels (25% or greater of spurs flowering). NAA applied during the period from 50 to 100 days after bloom (summer NAA program) or from 110 to 140 days after bloom (preharvest NAA program) increased return bloom of ‘Golden Delicious’. When aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) was included with the first NAA spray in a summer program, the efficacy was reduced, indicating that ethylene may be partly involved in the florigenic activity of NAA. Dissection of ‘Golden Delicious’ buds sampled from three locations (Asheville, NC; Amherst, MA; Wenatchee, WA) at ≈14-day intervals beginning 50 days after bloom indicated that the time of floral transition (doming of the meristem apex) occurred during the period from 65 to 105 days after bloom at each location. Thus, NAA applications in a summer program for return bloom coincided with the period when floral determination normally occurred. Preharvest NAA programs effectively promoted return bloom in the experiments where a summer NAA program was also effective. These responses indicate that NAA can trigger floral development within vegetative buds relatively late in the summer and outside of the time period when it is generally believed possible to influence flower bud formation.

scholarly journals Effect of Treatment of Callistephus chinensis ( L.) Ness. Plants by Ivin at Growth and Decorative Parameters in Conditions of Industrial City

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Valentina Bessonova ◽  
Olga Ivanchenko ◽  
Svetlana Volodarets
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the new growth stimulator with the cytokinin nature Ivin was investigated at the parameters of growth, blooming and chlorophylls content of the leaves of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness. plants. The researched plants grow under the impact of industrial and exhaust fumes. The intensification of the growth processes of the treatment plants in comparison with untreated was established. The processed specimens enhance height, the number of side shoots, quantity of the leaves and their area as well as the area of the total assimilation plants surface with increasing of the vegetative mass of the plants accordingly. At the same time, the number of inflorescences and their average diameter increase. There was no significant difference in essential influence of the biostimulator upon the plants of Callistephus chinensis between breeds ‘Victoria Sharlachovaya’ and ‘Strausovo pero Rubinivaya’ with the exception of some variables (total assimilation surface). The content of chlorophyll in leaves of Callistephus chinensis plants increases under spraying by Ivin. The rising occurs originally after spraying seedlings due to chlorophyll, after the third treatment (flower-bud formation) – due to both forms of chlorophylls was established, as well as the breed specific reaction of plants was determined. The novelty of this work consists in the investigation of the influencing the growth stimulator on the development of the ornamental flower plants in the conditions of environmental pollution. The treatment of this preparation is appropriate for stimulation of growth and intensity of bloom of the ornamental flower plants of urban territories.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

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