Vertical Distribution of Crop Load and Fruit Quality within Vase- and Y-shaped Canopies of `Elegant Lady' Peach

Canopy shape and depth may influence crop uniformity of peach trees at harvest. To test this hypothesis we examined yield distribution and fruit quality changes at different canopy levels of peach trees trained to delayed vase (DV) and perpendicular Y (Y). Trees of both training forms were divided vertically into six or seven 50-cm-deep layers and fruit was harvested at commercial ripening from each layer separately. Regardless of training form, number of fruit and yield per layer were highest in the central part of the canopy, but more evenly distributed among canopy layers in Y trees. In DV trees, fruit weight decreased linearly from top to bottom, whereas it remained constant along the top and middle portion of Y canopies to decrease rapidly at the bottom. In DV trees, 83% of the fruit fell into AAA, AA and A size categories, whereas fruit of Y trees was more evenly distributed among all size categories. Hue of fruit peel color increased linearly with distance from canopy top in both training forms, but more sharply in DV trees. Fruit soluble solid content decreased linearly from canopy top to bottom, regardless of training form. A more uniform crop load distribution within the canopy in combination with a light penetration gradient resulted in greater variability of quality parameters for Y than DV trees.

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YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SOME PLUM CULTIVARSIN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

Romanian journal of Horticulture ◽

10.51258/rjh.2020.09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Mădălina Butac ◽

Mihai Chivu

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Ecological System ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Soil Application ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Fruit Growing

The aim of this study was to assess the yield and fruits quality of plum produced in ecological system.In 2019-2020 periods the influence of different fertilizers (Biohumus, Macys BC 28 and Cifamin BK) on yield and fruits quality at three plum cultivars (‘Centenar’, ‘Tita’ and ‘Stanley’) was carried out in a demonstrative plot from Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitești, Romania. Biohumus was applied to the soil in increasing dosesfrom 0.5 l/tree (respectively 415 l/ha), 0.7 l/tree (respectively 585 l/ha) to 0.9 l / tree (respectively 750 l/ha) in two moments: in spring before the start of vegetation and in autumn after the fall of the leaves.Macys BC 28 and Cifamin BK fertilizers were applied foliar in doses of 2 l/ha, respectively 1 l/ha, in two moments: after flowering and in the young fruit phase.As results of the investigations we found that: the highest fruit yield was obtained at ‘Centenar’ (47.36 kg/tree) and ‘Stanley’ (41.00 kg/tree) cultivars in fertilization variant 3 (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Macys BC 28 – 2 l/ha, foliar application + Cifamin BK – 1 l/ha, foliar application);the best results regarding the fruits weight were also obtained in the 3rd fertilization variant (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Macys BC 28 – 2 l/ha, foliar application + Cifamin BK – 1 l/ha, foliar application), among the varieties being noted the ‘Tita’cv. with an average fruit weight of 59. 14 g; the fruits soluble solid content was higher in the case of the fertilized variants than in the unfertilized variant and the fruits aciditywas higher in the case of the unfertilized variant than in the fertilized variants.

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Optimizing Crop Load for New Apple Cultivar: “WA38”

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brendon Anthony ◽

Sara Serra ◽

Stefano Musacchi

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Apple Cultivar ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crop Load ◽

Washington State University

Crop load management is growing increasingly important as a factor related to biennial tendencies, post-harvest disorders, and inconsistent fruit quality in apples like “Honeycrisp”. Washington State University released a new apple cultivar, called “WA38”, in 2017. Limited literature is available about the productive characteristics of this new cultivar. An experimental trial evaluating the effect of crop load on leaf area, fruit quality, mineral composition, and return bloom of “WA 38” was conducted for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) to determine an optimal crop load. Trees were trained as a spindle and grafted on Malling-9 Nic29 (Nic29) rootstocks. Crop loads were adjusted to 2, 4, 6, and 8 fruits/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). Crop load had a significant effect on production, with yields ranging from 28 to 83 MT/ha in 2017. Fruit quality was impacted by increasing crop load, with a reduction in fruit weight, soluble solid content, firmness, dry matter, titratable acidity, and a delay in maturity. Leaf-to-fruit ratios were higher in lower crop loads. Relatively consistent flower bud formation was seen at the 6 and 8 fruits/cm2 categories. A possible threshold for optimal fruit quality and consistent bloom was identified around 6 fruits/cm2 TCSA.

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Effect of Soluble Calcium and IBA Treatments on Fruit Characteristics and Browning of Blossom End Part in `Fuyu' Sweet Persimmon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.814f ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 814F-815

Author(s):

Wol-Soo Kim* ◽

Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Middle Part ◽

Solid Content ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Soluble Calcium

Sweet persimmon, `Fuyu', is the major cultivar for MA storage, but browning of blossom end part (BBEP) and darkening are occurring during storage and decrease fruit qualities in fresh fruit markets in Korea. The symptom of BBEP of fruit started to occur on the blossom end part and spread to the middle and stem end part. These fruits lose their marketable values. Calcium has very important role in cell membrane in physical and physiological. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soluble Ca treatments of fertigation (FG) and foliar application (FA) on soil properties, tree growth and fruit quality and on the occurrence of BBEP. Ca content was high in Ca FA and Ca + IBA FG compared to other treatments. This increase might affect the soil pH, and so pH followed the same pattern of Ca content in soil. In leaves and fruits, Ca content was much higher in Ca Ca FA and Ca + IBA, Ca FG, respectively. Ca content in fruit parts showed stem end part “middle part” blossom end part. In fruit quality, fruit firmness, soluble solid content and fruit weight did not show any tendency in treatments. The occurrence rate of BBEP was very low 14% in Ca FA and 20% in Ca FG than 50% in control. These results showed that Ca content in soil, leaves and fruits was increased by soil FG and FA and the increased Ca content in blossom end part have a negative relationship with BBEP in sweet persimmon.

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Effect of Cross-Linked Alginate/Oil Nanoemulsion Coating on Cracking and Quality Parameters of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Camilo Gutiérrez-Jara ◽

Cristina Bilbao-Sainz ◽

Tara McHugh ◽

Bor-Sen Chiou ◽

Tina Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Solid Content ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Vapor Transfer ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Soluble Solid

The cracking of sweet cherries causes significant crop losses. Sweet cherries (cv. Bing) were coated by electro-spraying with an edible nanoemulsion (NE) of alginate and soybean oil with or without a CaCl2 cross-linker to reduce cracking. Coated sweet cherries were stored at 4 °C for 28 d. The barrier and fruit quality properties and nutritional values of the coated cherries were evaluated and compared with those of uncoated sweet cherries. Sweet cherries coated with NE + CaCl2 increased cracking tolerance by 53% and increased firmness. However, coated sweet cherries exhibited a 10% increase in water loss after 28 d due to decreased resistance to water vapor transfer. Coated sweet cherries showed a higher soluble solid content, titratable acidity, antioxidant capacity, and total soluble phenolic content compared with uncoated sweet cherries. Therefore, the use of the NE + CaCl2 coating on sweet cherries can help reduce cracking and maintain their postharvest quality.

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Genetic Divergence Studies in Tomato Genotypes Grown under Low-Cost Polyhouse Conditions

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2230709 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 309-313

Author(s):

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Anil Bhushan ◽

R. K. Samnotra ◽

Tuhina Dey ◽

Manmohan Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Tomato Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

Assessment of genetic diversity was made for sixteen yields and yield contributing traits in twenty-one tomato genotypes using D2 statistics. These genotypes were grouped into five clusters by the use of the Tocher method. Cluster I was the most significant, comprising 13 genotypes (Pusa Ruby, CLN2123A1 Red, PKM-1, IIHR-2042, Marglobe, EC 163605, Hawaii 7998, Palam Pink, EC 521038, Punjab Rakthak, EC 163383, Arka Abha and IIVR BT-10) followed by Cluster II with 5 genotypes (EC 163611, Punjab Sartaj, EC 160885, Punjab Barkha Bahar and Roma). Other Clusters (II, IV and V) were solitary ones (EC 249515, Kashi Chayan, DVRT-2). Cluster II recorded a maximum intra cluster distance of 3521.73 followed by cluster I (2796.45), whereas, cluster II, IV and V had zero intra cluster distance. The inter cluster D2 value also ranged widely, with a minimum value of 4082.34 between cluster I and IV, indicating a close relationship among the genotypes included. The maximum inter cluster D2 value (23102.20) between cluster II and V indicates high diversity among the genotypes in the clusters. Hence, maximum contribution towards divergence was observed by average fruit weight (14%) followed by fruit set percentage (12%), number of flowers per cluster (8%), fruit yield per plant (7%), number of fruits per truss (6 %) and total soluble solid content (6 %). Hence, due importance could be given to the selection of genotypes for further improvement based on these traits.

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(463) Grapefruit Crop Load Affects Net Gas Exchange of Leaves, Tree Growth, and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1048a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1048A-1048

Author(s):

Kuo-Tan Li ◽

Jim Syvertsen ◽

Jill Dunlop

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Citrus Paradisi ◽

Fruit Removal ◽

Crop Load ◽

Four Levels

Effects of crop load on leaf characteristics, shoot growth, fruit shape, fruit quality, and return bloom were investigated in 13-year-old `Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) on `Swingle' citrumleo rootstock. Trees were hand thinned in June 2003 and 2004 at the end of physiological fruit drop to establish three to four levels of crop load ranging from normal (high crop load without thinning) to extremely low (near 90% fruit removal). Leaves on high crop load trees had higher net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2) than those on low crop load trees. Crop load enhancement of ACO2 continued until harvest. In 2004, however, the effects were diminished in October just prior to the beginning of the harvest season, after leaf and fruit loss from three consecutive hurricanes. There was no difference in leaf dry weight per leaf area and leaf nitrogen among treatments. Nonfruiting branches of high crop load trees produced fewer, but longer, summer flushes than those of low crop load trees. Fruiting branches generally produced few summer flushes with similar shoot lengths among treatments. High crop load trees developed a greater percentage of vegetative shoots, whereas low crop load trees developed more inflorescences. Crop load adjustments did not affect fruit size and total soluble solid content, but low crop load trees produced a higher percentage of irregular shape (sheepnosed) fruit with high acidity.

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Physicochemical Fruit Characteristics of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Genotypes from Serbia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.6.849 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 849-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sandra M. Bijelić ◽

Branislava R. Gološin ◽

Jelena I. Ninić Todorović ◽

Slobodan B. Cerović ◽

Boris M. Popović

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Cornelian Cherry ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Soluble Solid

High variability in the natural population of the cornelian cherry in the region of Serbia is an important genetic potential for use in breeding programs. In the course of a 2-year study, significant differences have been noted in morphometric characteristics (fruit weight and flesh to stone ratio were 2.11 to 6.71 g and 78.52% to 88.74%, respectively) and chemical composition of the mesocarp [content of total dry matter (TSC), soluble solid content (SSC), total acids, total and reducing sugars, sucrose, Ca-pectates, vitamin C, proteins, cellulose, anthocyanins, and tannins was recorded 18.26% to 33.39%, 17.40% to 32.37%, 1.62% to 3.75%, 11.77% to 26.30%, 9.50% to 24.07%, 0.38% to 3.25%, 0.32% to 2.44%, 14.56 to 39.22 mg/100 g fruit, 0.20% to 2.71%, 0.43% to 0.95%, 35.63 to 126.53 mg/100 g fruit, and 0.56% to 1.47%, respectively] of 18 cornelian cherry genotypes from Vojvodina Province. The data were compared and analyzed by multivariate techniques [correlation matrix calculation and principal component analysis (PCA)]. The highest positive correlation was found between TSC–SSC and total sugar–reducing sugar (r > 0.95). Using PCA, different genotypes of cornelian cherry can be grouped in clusters based on similarity in their chemical composition.

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Some Fruit Characteristics of Cornelian Cherries (Cornus mas L.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3915875 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sezai ERCISLI ◽

Suzan O. YILMAZ ◽

Jelena GADZE ◽

Ahmed DZUBUR ◽

Semina HADZIABULIC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Organic Production ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Cornelian Cherry ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study was carried out on 13 local cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes grown in Yusufeli (Artvin) in Northeast Anatolia in Turkey. Cornelian cherry fruits from these 13 genotypes were harvested and analyzed during the ripening period in 2010. Some physical and chemical characteristics of cultivars were determined. Fruit weight and fruit flesh ratio of these genotypes ranged from 2.72 to 4.11 g and 79.08 to 89.99%. Soluble solid content were determined the lowest as 13.7% and the highest as 18.6%. The genotypes had vitamin C between 31 to 70 mg/100 g with average of 50 mg/100 g. Total protein, cellulose, tannin and ash content of genotypes were determined between 0.75-2.18%; 0.36-1.08%; 0.57-1.28% and 0.51-1.13%. The genotypes were found to be free of pest and diseases. The present study showed that there were enough variability among cornelian cherry genotypes grown in same ecological conditions of a small area and these genotypes could be important both to improve nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programmes and to use them in organic production.

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Nectarine Fruit Ripening and Quality Assessed Using the Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD)

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2013/242461 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

E. Bonora ◽

D. Stefanelli ◽

G. Costa

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Solid Content ◽

Training System ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Training Systems ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Absorbance Difference

Consistency of fruit quality is extremely important in horticulture. Fruit growth and quality in nectarine are affected by fruit position in the canopy, related to the tree shape. The “open shaped” training systems, such as Tatura Trellis, improve fruit growth and quality. The Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) is a new marker that characterizes climacteric fruit during ripening. A study on fruit ripening was performed by using theIADon nectarine to monitor fruit maturity stages of two cultivars trained as Tatura Trellis in Victoria, Australia. Fruit of cv “Summer Flare 34” (“SF34”) grown in different positions on the tree showed high ripening homogeneity. Fruit harvested at a similar ripening stage showed fruit firmness and soluble solid content homogeneity. Fruits from hand-thinned variety “Summer Flare 26” (“SF26”) were larger in size, had advanced ripening, and showed greater homogeneity. For “SF26”, a weak correlation betweenIADand SSC was observed. The experiment showed that the Tatura Trellis training system is characterized by high homogeneity of nectarine fruit when coupled with a proper management of fruit density. It also confirmed that theIADcould be used as new nondestructive maturity index for nectarine fruit quality assessment in the field.

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Spatial Variation in Blooming and Yield in an Apple Orchard, in Romania

Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture ◽

10.1515/agr-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela Teodorescu ◽

Virgil Moise ◽

Aurelia Corina Cosac

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Management Zones ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Apple Quality

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial variation of blooming, yield and quality parameters, in an apple orchard, by using precision agriculture tools. This study is a preliminary step in order to create management zones, to take the management decisions and made the evaluation of the applied practices. The study was conducted in the Research and Development Station for Pomology Voinesti, Dambovita, on the 0.9 ha orchard. The orchard consists in Florina apple trees and Generos pollinator. The surface was mapped with GPS and the yield of each tree was manually harvested and weighed. Apple quality was evaluated in terms of: firmness, soluble solid content, juice pH. Also, in spring was determined the number of flowers/tree and the exact period of flowering. The interpolated maps were created using Surfer 8 software and the correlations between yield and quality have been established; some quality characteristics are negatively correlated with yield, like firmness.

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