scholarly journals (128) Effect of 2,4-DP Concentration on Fruit Drop Control and Maturation of `Braeburn' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062B-1062
Author(s):  
Patricia Garriz ◽  
Graciela Colavita ◽  
Hugo Alvarez ◽  
Valeria Blackhall
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Fruit Drop

Apple fruit abscission shortly before harvest is a frequent, recurring problem, thereby reducing potential yield. The synthetic auxin 2 (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4-DP) was evaluated for its effect on reducing fruit drop and influencing ripening of `Braeburn' apples, in the High Valley region of Río Negro, Argentina (38°56'S, 67°59'W). Thirteen-year-old apple trees grafted on MM 111 rootstock were sprayed on 4 Mar. 2005, at 162 days after full bloom (DAFB) with 2,4-DP at doses of 0.05% and 0.10% (v/v), applied with an airblast sprayer, until runoff. Each tree was trained to palmette and planted in a single row from north to south with spacing of 2.3–4.0 m. The following measurements were performed: a) accumulated fruit drop, twice per week and b) maturity indices, weekly. Samples of uniform-size fruits were assessed for maturity (n = 20 per date and treatment), from 167 (commercial harvest) to 195 DAFB. On 23 Mar. (at 181 DAFB), cumulative fruit drop for control treatment was 19.9%, whereas 2,4-DP significantly reduced it to 4.90% and 2.94% at 0.05% and 0.10% (v/v), respectively. Reduction in the drop was also significant later, and 2,4-DP at both doses controlled drop comparably. The synthetic auxin did not affect fruit quality and maturation, based upon flesh firmness, starch degradation, and soluble solids concentration. We conclude that 2,4-DP is an effective drop control compound and it is useful as a management tool to increase yield by reducing fruit abscission and to extend the harvesting window of `Braeburn' apples, since it does not affect ripening. Delaying harvest may provide flexibility for scheduling of labor, fruit processing and packaging, cold storage, and marketing.

scholarly journals Fruit Abscission and Fruit Quality of Apples Following Use of Dicamba to Control Preharvest Drop

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
Donald L. Sowers ◽  
Rodney W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Five apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were treated with dicamba at concentrations of 0 to 200 mg·liter-1 during 3 years. Although the response varied with cultivar, dose, and year, dicamba always delayed fruit abscission. At similar concentrations, dicamba usually reduced fruit drop more than NAA, but less than fenoprop. Dicamba at 10 mg·liter-1 effectively delayed drop of `Delicious', whereas 20 to 30 mg·liter-1 was required for `Red Yorking', `Rome', `Winesap', and `Stayman'. Dicamba did not influence flesh firmness, soluble solids content, water core, or starch content at harvest or after storage. Chemical names used: naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (fenoprop); 3,6dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba).

scholarly journals AVG Effects on Preharvest Apple Fruit Drop and Maturity in Virginia

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 694f-695
Author(s):  
Ross E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Standard Rate

AVG applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date for several cultivars dramatically reduced pre-harvest fruit drop. The loss of fruit firmness and starch loss after the optimum harvest date was reduced by AVG sprays. The development of watercore in `Starkrimson Delicious' and `York' and maturity cracking in `Rome' and `Golden Delicious' were delayed and/or prevented by AVG. Color development was slightly delayed for most red cultivars and `Golden Delicious'. Soluble solids concentration was generally unchanged. Airblast applications of 123 g·ha–1 AVG was no more effective than a standard rate of NAA (28 to 56 g·ha–1), but rates of 248 g·ha–1 AVG and above were more effective than NAA for most cultivars. When fruit were left on the tree for periods of 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest date, NAA hastened the loss of fruit firmness and starch and NAA increased watercore of `Delicious' and maturity cracking of `Golden Delicious' and `Law Rome'. Soluble solids and red color were generally unaffected by NAA. Ethephon sprays hastened the rate of fruit drop. When NAA was tank mixed with ethephon, NAA delayed fruit drop caused by ethephon, but AVG did not. The use of superior oil or Regulaid surfactant did not affect NAA or AVG responses; however, the silicone surfactant Silwet L-77, in one experiment, promoted the effectiveness of AVG. Tank mixing NAA or AVG with pesticides (Guthion + Lannate + Captan) did not affect the responses of AVG or NAA on fruit drop.

scholarly journals Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) affects cv. Royal Gala apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage – Short communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
N. Magazin ◽  
Z. Keserović ◽  
B. Milić ◽  
M. Dorić
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Quality Assessments

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis was applied at a concentration of 125 g/l of active ingredient on Royal Gala apple trees 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest in two consecutive years. Immediately after harvest fruits were stored at 1°C and 90% of relative humidity for up to 90 days. Quality assessments of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and firmness were done on 30-days intervals after harvest. Treating Royal Gala apples with AVG significantly slowed down starch degradation in fruits but in the same time increased fruit weight. Also, the development of over colour was negatively affected. A positive influence on fruits’ firmness was also evident, while there was no influence of AVG on TSS and TA.    

scholarly journals AVG application regimes play an important role on pre-harvest drop and ripening of ‘Jonagold’ apples

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3595
Author(s):  
Burhan Ozturk ◽  
Yakup Ozkan ◽  
Kenan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
L Value

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drop rates and ripening levels of ‘Jonagold’ apples. A total of 225 mg L-1 AVG dose was applied at once in a single application at different times or divided into doses and applied different times. Compared to control treatment, entire AVG treatments increased fruit removal force and significantly decreased the pre-harvest drop rates. AVG treatments applied at once (225 mg L-1) 8 or 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest time were found to be more effective than the divided treatments. AVG treatments inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and such an inhibition was more distinctive in single 225 mg L-1 treatments. AVG treatments decreased flesh softening, starch degradation rates and consequently retarded fruit ripening. The 225 mg L-1 AVG treatment applied 4 weeks before the harvest significantly increased L* value and hue angle both in the year 2010 and 2011. NAA (naphtaleneacetic acid) at 10 mg L-1 sprayed 4 and 2 weeks before anticipated harvest was found to be insignificant in control of pre-harvest fruit drops. NAA treatment decreased flesh firmness, and did not have any significant effects on ethylene biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Cold stress triggers premature fruit abscission through ABA-dependent signal transduction in early developing apple

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249975
Author(s):  
Youngsuk Lee ◽  
Van Giap Do ◽  
Seonae Kim ◽  
Hunjoong Kweon ◽  
Tony K. McGhie
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Fruit Drop

Fruit abscission is a complex physiological process that is regulated by internal and environmental factors. During early development, apple fruit are exposed to extreme temperature fluctuations that are associated with premature fruit drop; however, their effect on fruit abscission is largely unknown. We hypothesized that fruit abscission is triggered by cold stress and investigated the molecular basis of premature fruit drop using RNA-Seq and metabolomics data from apple fruit undergoing abscission following cold stress in the field. Genes responsive to abscisic acid signaling and cell wall degradation were upregulated during abscission, consistent with the increased abscisic acid concentrations detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We performed ex vivo cold shock experiments with excised tree subunits consisting of a branch, pedicel, and fruit. Abscission induction occurred in the cold-stressed subunits with concurrent upregulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis (MdNCED1) and metabolism (MdCYP707A) genes, and ethylene biosynthesis (MdACS1) and receptor (MdETR2) genes in the pedicel. Another key finding was the activation of cytoplasmic streaming in abscission-zone cells detected by electron microscopy. Our results provide a novel insight into the molecular basis of fruit abscission physiology in response to cold stress in apple.

scholarly journals Effect of aminoethoxyvinilglycine (AVG) on preharvest fruit drop and maturity of apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Anderson Simioni ◽  
Clarice Aparecida Megguer ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Solids Content

Apple trees cultivars Gala and Fuji were sprayed four weeks before commercial harvest with aminoethoxyvinilglycine (AVG), at doses of 0, 125, or 250 mg L-1, and assessed for preharvest fruit drop, fruit growth, and maturation on tree. In 'Gala', 64 days after AVG spraying, fruit drop for control treatment was 85%, and AVG (at 125 and 250 mg L-1) reduced it to 10%. In 'Fuji', 64 days after AVG spraying, fruit drop for control was 6%, while treatments with AVG (at 125 and 250 mg L-1) increased fruit drop to 10%. AVG was a powerful retardant of fruit maturation for 'Gala' but not for 'Fuji'. In 'Gala', the most affected attribute was the skin background color, followed, in decreasing order, by soluble solids content, the starch index, skin red color, the flesh firmness, and titratable acidity. In 'Gala', only flesh firmness retention was improved by increasing AVG dose from 125 mg L-1 to 250 mg L-1. The AVG at 250 mg L-1 inhibited "Gala" late fruit growth but not 'Fuji'.

scholarly journals Abscission of Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) in the Mediterranean Basin Depends More on Environmental Conditions Than on Fruit Ripeness

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Khefifi ◽  
Rim Selmane ◽  
Mehdi Ben Mimoun ◽  
Francisco Tadeo ◽  
Raphael Morillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maturity Parameters

Orange fruit abscission usually occurs at the final stage of fruit maturation but in some areas of citrus production, in advance of the usual harvest period, and sometimes suddenly and intensely. The reasons for this precocious citrus fruit abscission remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to try to clarify what the determinants of this phenomenon are. A multi-site experimentation was carried out on six orange cultivars, in Corsica, Spain and Tunisia where the phenomenon of early massive fruit drop varies. Climatic parameters, fruit maturity parameters and fruit detachment force (FDF) were recorded along the fruit maturation period. Respectively to the fruit drop, the FDF decreased in Tunisia and in Spain until the fruit falls, whereas in Corsica, it remained relatively constant throughout fruit maturation. Although data on fruit maturity parameters (rind color, acidity and total soluble solids) differed at the three sites, their evolution was similar during the period of maturation. FDF was not related to changes in any fruit maturity parameters, and more likely depended on changes in temperatures on days when the mean temperature was above 13 °C. Massive fruit abscission could be linked to the earlier more rapid restart of vegetative growth in Tunisia and Spain than in Corsica.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MID-SUMMER FOLIAR BORON SPRAYS ON QUALITY OF `DELICIOUS' APPLE FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147e-1147
Author(s):  
Frank J. Peryesa ◽  
Stephen R Drake
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Core Tissue ◽  
Tree Fruits

Fruit growers and shippers have suggested that excessive rates of boron (B) in foliar nutrient sprays may reduce quality of stored apples. Foliar B sprays were applied by handgun in mid-July to bearing apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Starking) at rates of 0, 11.3,22.6 g B/tree. Fruits of uniform size (220 g) were analyzed for B content at harvest and for quality indices at harvest, after 10 days ripening postharvest, after 3 months refrigerated air storage, and after 8 days ripening poststorage. Whole fruit B concentration was directly proportional to B application rate. At all sampling times fruit firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and internal and external color parameters were independent of whole fruit B concentration. Fruit disorders were unrelated to treatment except for internal breakdown after 8 months refrigerated air storage, which was positively related to whole fruit B concentration. Increases in fruit B were relatively greater in the core tissue, suggesting that some of the applied B entered the fruit through the tree vascular system.

scholarly journals Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Due to Grafting in Solanaceae of Different Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
João Lucas Moraes Vieira ◽  
Rogério Eiji Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Blocks

The present work had as objective to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of commercial tomato fruits grafted on different solanaceous species. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized complete block design, with four blocks and six treatments, being the rootstocks: cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum); two cultivars of eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum), Long Light Green and Big Hill; jurubebão (Solanum lycocarpum) and jurubeba juna (Solanum stramonifolium), grafted with the tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, and the control treatment was represented by the self-grafted tomato. Three consecutive harvests were spaced seven days after the production stabilization, and the characteristics fruits analyzed were Total Soluble Solids (ºBrix), pH, Titratable Acidity (percentage of citric acid) and TSS/TA. A statistically significant difference was found in the Tukey’s test at 5% probability in the titratable acidity, pH and fruit pulp flavor, among the evaluated treatments, while the soluble solids content did not differ between treatments in any of the harvests, but the values remained within the considered adequate for the tomato in natura in the current literature. There was a decrease in fruit flavor in all treatments, and fruit pH drop in all treatments with the exception of jurubebão, with the advancement of plant age, while the titratable acidity had an inverse behavior. The evaluated rootstocks can be used in the tomato crop, without prejudice to the quality of the tomato fruit produced.

scholarly journals Sodom Apple (Solanum Incanum) Plant Material: A Greener Approach for Goat Skin Tanning Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihret Hailemariam Tekalign ◽  
Tolera Seda Badessa ◽  
Shegaw Ahmed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Sodom Apple

Abstract The use of natural materials that is eco-friendly on leather as vegetable tannins has become a matter of significant importance, as a result of increased environmental awareness to prevent some hazardous synthetic tannin. Therefore, this study investigated that the potential of the extracted tannin from Sodom apple (Solanum Incanum) fruit for its effectiveness as vegetable tanning agent on goatskins. It was extracted with distilled water, methanol, petroleum ether and ethanol by using Soxhlet extraction method. Although the amount of material extracted was significant in all extracting solvents, water was a more efficient solvent (extraction yield of 16.71%) than the others. The qualitative analysis and structural characterization of the extracts were done using thin layer chromatography (TLC), Ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer and Fourier Transformer Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The analysis confirmed that the presence of condensed tannins in the extract, which usually used for the application of tanning process in leather manufacturing industry. On other hand, the Quantitative Analysis of Sodom apple fruit extract was conducted by evaluating its moisture content (7.59%), total soluble solids (21.45%), tannin content (12.13%) and non-tannin contents (9.32%). The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was carried out to study the effect of the tannin system on the structural and morphological characteristics of the tanned leathers. Similarly, the organoleptic and strength properties of the tanned leathers were evaluated in comparison with the control ones. Finally, the pollution loads of tanning liquors in Sodom apple tanning significantly reduced as compared with the control (mimosa). Thus, the results in this study showed that the manufacture of leather based on Sodom apple fruit extract found to be a cleaner alterative and promising pathway for tanning goatskins.

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