scholarly journals Interaction of Water Loss and Fruit Ripening Promote Postharvest Cluster Tomato Fruit Abscission

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 979A-979
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Kimberly M. Cordasco
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Retail Environment ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Zone Development ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Abscission of cluster tomatoes commonly limits product marketability in the retail environment. Ripening and exogenous ethylene exposure are assumed to play important roles in cluster tomato fruit abscission. `Clarance' and `DRW7229' fruit harvested at either mature green or partially ripened stages did not abscise during storage for 2 weeks at 20 °C and 95% to 100% relative humidity (RH), although respiration and ethylene production indicated that all fruit reached the postclimacteric stage. Exogenous ethylene (1 or 10 ppm) exposure for 8 days at 20 °C and 95% to 100% RH also did not induce fruit abscission for either cultivar, although pedicel and sepal yellowing were observed. Fruit from clusters stored at 20 °C and 20% or 50% RH abscised if sepal shrivel became noticeable before the fruit reached the full red ripeness stage, while no abscission occurred in fruit that reached the full red stage prior to the appearance of sepal shrivel; no fruit stored in 95% to 100% RH abscised. Fruit that ripened prior to the appearance of sepal shrivel were “plugged” (i.e., tissue underlying the stem scar was pulled out) if manual fruit detachment from the pedicel was attempted. These results indicate that there is an interaction of water loss and fruit ripening in promoting abscission zone development in cluster tomatoes.

scholarly journals MACROCALYX and JOINTLESS Interact in the Transcriptional Regulation of Tomato Fruit Abscission Zone Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsugu Nakano ◽  
Junji Kimbara ◽  
Masaki Fujisawa ◽  
Mamiko Kitagawa ◽  
Nao Ihashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Zone Development

Abscission and dehiscence in the squirting cucumber, Ecballium elaterium. Regulation by ethylene

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Jackson ◽  
Ielene B. Morrow ◽  
Daphne J. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Apical Hook ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

When treated with ethylene, mature fruits of the squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich) abscind and dehisce prematurely. Abscission of male flowers is also accelerated by ethylene. Visible signs of senescence, a rise in ethylene production, and reduced carbon dioxide production always precede abscission or dehiscence in untreated fruits and flowers. The amounts of diffusible cellulase increase in tissues on both sides of the fruit abscission zone after exposure to ethylene. Anatomical features of this abscission zone are described.The leaves of Ecballium do not abscind although the blade and petiole produce large amounts of ethylene at senescence, nor do they separate when ethylene is supplied. Ethylene treatment of attached fruit peduncles accelerates their rate of elongation in the growing zone below the apical hook. The regulation of growth and abscission in these organs is discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of a Gene Encoding Glutamate Decarboxylase Involved in the Postharvest Fruit Ripening Process in Banana

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Ju-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yang ◽  
Jian-Bin Zhang ◽  
Cai-Hong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Postharvest Ripening ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The banana, a typical climacteric fruit, undergoes a postharvest ripening process followed by a burst in ethylene production that signals the beginning of the climacteric period. Postharvest ripening plays an important role in improving the quality of the fruit as well as limiting its shelf life. To investigate the role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in climacteric ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening in postharvest banana, a GAD gene was isolated from banana, designated MuGAD. Coincidently with climacteric ethylene production, MuGAD expression as well as the expression of the genes encoding the Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MaACS1) and Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MaACO1) greatly increased during natural ripening and in ethylene-treated banana. Moreover, ethylene biosynthesis, ripening progress, and MuGAD, MaACS1, and MaACO1 expression were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Taken together, our results suggested that MuGAD is involved in the fruit ripening process in postharvest banana.

scholarly journals Ripening of ‘Kumagai’ guavas and anthracnose control as affected by methyl jasmonate

Bragantia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Barbara Marçon Pereira da Silva ◽  
Raquel Mantovani Binoti ◽  
Patrícia Cia ◽  
Sílvia Regina de Toledo Valentini ◽  
Ilana Urbano Bron
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an endogenous regulator that can influence fruit ripening and the defense system against pathogens. This work verified the influence of this regulator on postharvest physiology, control of anthracnose and physicalchemical attributes of ‘Kumagai’ guava (Psidium guajava L.). Guavas harvested at mature-green and ripe stages were treated with 0, 1 and 10 μmol∙L−1 MJ as gas in hermetic containers (200 L) with air circulation for 24 h. Fruit were inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spore suspension (105 spores∙mL−1) 24 and 48 h after treatment. During ripening, at 25 °C and 80 – 90% of relative humidity, respiration, ethylene production, anthracnose incidence, severity and quality of guavas were assayed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means, compared by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05 and 0.10). The application of 1 and 10 μmol∙L−1 MJ had little influence on ripening of ‘Kumagai’ guava with a slight increase in respiration, ethylene production and yellowing of fruit harvested at ripe stage. Treatments with 1 and 10 μmol∙L−1 MJ did not reduce the severity and incidence of C. gloeosporioides when applied in fruit harvested at ripe and mature-green stages and inoculated 24 or 48 h after MJ treatment. In conclusion, the MJ treatment, at 1 and 10 μmol∙L−1 concentrations, had little influence on ripening and did not control anthracnose in ‘Kumagai’ guavas.

scholarly journals Ripening-associated Biochemical Traits of Cantaloupe Charentais Melons Expressing an Antisense ACC Oxidase Transgene

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Guis ◽  
Rinaldo Botondi ◽  
Mohamed Ben-Amor ◽  
Ricardo Ayub ◽  
Mondher Bouzayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Transgenic Cantaloupe Charentais melons (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naud. `Védrantais') exhibiting strong inhibition of ethylene production were used as a model to discriminate between ethylene-regulated and ethylene-independent ripening pathways. Compared to wild-type fruit, transgenic fruit did not undergo significant yellowing of the rind and softening of the flesh. However, these effects were completely reversed by treating transgenic fruit with 50 μL·L-1 exogenous ethylene. Pigmentation of the flesh occurred early before the onset of the climacteric and was thus unaffected by ethylene inhibition in transgenic fruit. Total soluble solids accumulated at the same rate in both types of fruit until 38 days after pollination when wild-type fruit abscissed. However, as ethylene-inhibited fruit failed to develop a peduncular abscission zone, they remained attached to the plant and accumulated higher amounts of sugars, mainly sucrose. Harvesting transgenic fruit resulted in a small but significant increase of internal ethylene associated with softening of the flesh.

scholarly journals Influence of Ethephon and a Surfactant on Ripening of Harvested Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 478D-478
Author(s):  
M.A. Moura ◽  
S.R. Zanin ◽  
F.L. Finger
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Ethephon Treatment

The objective of the research was to determine the optimal concentration of ethephon treatment on anticipation of ripening in harvested tomato fruits. Mature-green fruits of cv. Santa Clara were sprayed with 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/L ethephon solution. In another set of experiments, the fruits were sprayed with 0, 500, and 1000 mg/L ethephon solution containing 1.0% surfactant (Dytrol) or not. The visual color and firmness changes during ripening at 24.1°C and 81.3% relative humidity were evaluated. Concentrations of 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/L ethephon had similar effect on the anticipation of fruit ripening. The use of 500 mg/L ethephon delayed the fruit color changes when compared with the treatment of 1000 mg/L ethephon; however, firmness changes were nonsignificantly affected (P = 0.05). Treatment with 1000 mg/L ethephon hastened the color changes by 3 days when compared with control fruits, but no difference on color intensity was observed after 12 days. The use of 1.0% surfactant mixed to ethephon caused slight delay on color changes; therefore, 1000 mg/L ethephon solution in absence of surfactant was more efficient in hastening tomato ripening.

scholarly journals Cellular and Pectin Dynamics during Abscission Zone Development and Ripe Fruit Abscission of the Monocot Oil Palm

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peerapat Roongsattham ◽  
Fabienne Morcillo ◽  
Kim Fooyontphanich ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat ◽  
Somvong Tragoonrung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Zone Development

Gibberellins Play a Role in Regulating Tomato Fruit Ripening

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Huihui Li ◽  
Zhifei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Regulator Genes ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

AbstractAlthough exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) delay tomato ripening, the regulatory mechanisms of GAs in the process have never been well recognized. Here, we report that the concentration of endogenous GAs is declined before the increase of ethylene production in mature-green to breaker stage fruits. We further demonstrate that reductions in GA levels via overexpression of a GA catabolism gene SlGA2ox1 specifically in fruit tissues lead to early ripening. Consistently, we have also observed that application of a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, prohexadione-calcium, at the mature-green stage accelerates fruit ripening, while exogenous GA3 application delays the process. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ethylene biosynthetic gene expressions and ethylene production are activated prematurely in GA-deficient fruits but delayed/reduced in exogenous GA3-treated WT fruits. We also show that the GA deficiency-mediated activation of ethylene biosynthesis is due to the activation of the ripening regulator genes RIN, NOR and CNR. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GAs play a negative role in tomato fruit ripening.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors Affecting Response of Mature `Valencia' Orange Fruit to CMN-Pyrazole. II. Endogenous Concentrations of Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Abscisic Acid, and Ethylene

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongcai Yuan ◽  
Ulrich Hartmond ◽  
Walter J. Kender
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Endogenous Iaa ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Observation Period

Endogenous concentrations of IAA and ABA in the peel, pulp, seed, and abscission zone of mature `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinesis (L.) Osbeck] were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from early November 1998 to mid-June 1999. Ethylene production of mature `Valencia' oranges during the same period was determined by gas chromatography. IAA concentrations in the pulp and seed were three to five times lower than those in the peel over the 7-month observation period. IAA concentration in the abscission zone and peel was high from late April to mid-May, the period of less responsiveness to abscission chemicals. ABA concentration in the pulp was low over the entire observation period. ABA concentration in the abscission zone and peel was low during the less responsive period. Ethylene production was always low except for a slight increase during late December and early February. The IAA to ABA ratio was high in the fruit abscission zone during the less responsive period. Fruit detachment force of CMN-pyrazole-treated fruit was positively correlated with the ratio of endogenous IAA to ABA or endogenous IAA, but negatively to endogenous ABA in the fruit abscission zone. These data suggest the balance between IAA and ABA in the fruit abscission zone may be an important factor in determining sensitivity and thereby the response of mature `Valencia' orange fruit to abscission chemicals. Chemical names used: abscisic acid (ABA); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMN-pyrazole).

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