scholarly journals Muskmelon and Sweet Corn Production with Legume Cover Crops

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
And Control

Winter legume cover crops have been successfully used to meet N needs of many summer crops, but they are not being used extensively in Virginia and the mid-Atlantic region, especially for specialty crops such as muskmelon and sweet corn. The objective of these studies was to determine the potential of winter legume cover crops in meeting N needs of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Comparisons of performances of muskmelon and sweet corn, grown after lupin (Lupinus albus L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), Austrian winter pea ([AWP] Pisum arvense L.), and control fertilized with 112 kg N ha–1, and unfertilized control were made during 1999, 2000, and 2001. The interactions between cover crop treatments and years were, generally, significant. The muskmelon fruit yields were 53.6, 45.0, 23.1, 13.0, and 5.6 Mg·ha–1 during 1999; 27.8, 26.3, 8.6, 5.8, and 2.2 Mg·ha–1 during 2000; and 41.1, 39.9, 25.5, 21.4, and 2.1 Mg·ha–1 during 2001 respectively for lupin, hairy vetch, AWP, 112 kg N ha–1, and control. Similar results were obtained for number and size of muskmelon fruits. The sweet corn ear yields (Mg·ha–1) were 8.5, 5.6, 3.1, 1.5, and 0.7 during 1999; 5.2, 3.9, 4.0, 4.8, and 1.2 during 2000; and 2.6, 2.4, 1.9, 2.0, and 0.9 during 2001, respectively for lupin, hairy vetch, AWP, 112 kg N ha–1, and control. White lupin and hairy vetch, as winter cover crops, were superior than AWP and 112 kg N ha–1 for sweet corn ear number and size, and plant height. These results demonstrated that winter legume crops, especially lupin and hairy vetch, can be excellent winter cover crops for meeting N needs of muskmelon and sweet corn.

Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 476d-476
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

Benefits of winter legume cover crops require early sowing

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gselman ◽  
B. Kramberger
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Winter cover crops are beneficial, especially legumes that can supply nitrogen (N) to the next crop. The purpose of this study, involving separate experiments carried out at 2 different locations in north-eastern Slovenia, was to determine the most appropriate sowing time (early, early autumn SD1; late, mid autumn SD2; very late, late autumn SD3) for winter legumes (Trifolium subterraneum L., T. incarnatum L., T. pratense L., and Vicia villosa Roth) for the optimal yield of beneficial dry matter and soil N cycling. The control treatment used Lolium multiflorum Lam. For legume cover crops in SD1, from 915.0 (T. subterraneum) to 2495.0 (V. villosa) kg herbage dry matter yield (HDMY)/ha, 52.3 (T. pratense) to 148.4 (T. incarnatum) kg accumulated N (AN)/ha, and 14.5 (T. pratense) to 114.5 (T. incarnatum) kg symbiotically fixed N (Nsymb)/ha was obtained to the end of autumn. Until the spring ploughing-in, which was before maize sowing, legume cover crops in SD1 yielded 1065.0 (T. subterraneum) to 4440.0 (T. incarnatum) kg HDMY/ha, 74.9 (T. subterraneum) to 193.0 (V. villosa) kg AN/ha, and 4.7 (T. subterraneum) to 179.0 (V. villosa) kg Nsymb/ha. All parameters in SD2 were significantly lower than in SD1, whereas the SD3 sowing was not suitable for the legumes. The benefits of legume winter cover crops with regard to symbiotic N fixation were achieved only by early sowing; however, the amount of soil mineral N in late autumn and in early spring was decreased under L. multiflorum more than under the legumes.

scholarly journals Green manuring effect of pure and mixed barley – hairy vetch winter cover crops on maize and processing tomato N nutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Roberta Pace ◽  
Francesco Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Weed Control and Sweet Corn (Zea maysvar.rugosa) Response in a No-till System with Cover Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilda R. Burgos ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
No Till ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
And Control

Studies were conducted at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station in Fayetteville and the Vegetable Substation in Kibler, Arkansas, in 1992 and 1993 on the same plots to evaluate weed suppression by winter cover crops alone or in combination with reduced herbicide rates in no-till sweet corn and to evaluate cover crop effects on growth and yield of sweet corn. Plots seeded to rye plus hairy vetch, rye, or wheat had at least 50% fewer early season weeds than hairy vetch alone or no cover crop. None of the cover crops reduced population of yellow nutsedge. Without herbicides, hairy vetch did not suppress weeds 8 wk after cover crop desiccation. Half rates of atrazine and metolachlor (1.1 + 1.1 kg ai ha−1) reduced total weed density more effectively in no cover crop than in hairy vetch. Half rates of atrazine and metolachlor controlled redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and goosegrass regardless of cover crop. Full rates of atrazine and metolachlor (2.2 + 2.2 kg ai ha−1) were needed to control large crabgrass in hairy vetch. Control of yellow nutsedge in hairy vetch was marginal even with full herbicide rates. Yellow nutsedge population increased and control with herbicides declined the second year, particularly with half rates of atrazine and metolachlor. All cover crops except hairy vetch alone reduced emergence, height, and yield of sweet corn. Sweet corn yields from half rates of atrazine and metolachlor equalled the full rates regardless of cover crops.

scholarly journals Impacts of winter cover cropping on soil moisture and evapotranspiration in California's specialty crop fields may be minimal during winter months

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alyssa DeVincentis ◽  
Samuel Sandoval Solis ◽  
Sloane Rice ◽  
Daniele Zaccaria ◽  
Richard Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
And Control

As fresh water supplies become more unreliable, variable and expensive, the water-related implications of sustainable agriculture practices such as cover cropping are drawing increasing attention from California's agricultural communities. However, the adoption of winter cover cropping remains limited among specialty crop growers who face uncertainty regarding the water use of this practice. To investigate how winter cover crops affect soil water and evapotranspiration on farm fields, we studied three systems that span climatic and farming conditions in California's Central Valley: processing tomato fields with cover crop, almond orchards with cover crop, and almond orchards with native vegetation. From 2016 to 2019, we collected soil moisture data (3 years of neutron hydroprobe and gravimetric tests at 10 field sites) and evapotranspiration measurements (2 years at two of 10 sites) in winter cover cropped and control (clean-cultivated, bare ground) plots during winter months. Generally, there were not significant differences in soil moisture between cover cropped and control fields throughout or at the end of the winter seasons, while evapo-transpirative losses due to winter cover crops were negligible relative to clean-cultivated soil. Our results suggest that winter cover crops in the Central Valley may break even in terms of actual consumptive water use. California growers of high-value specialty crops can likely adopt winter cover cropping without altering their irrigation plans and management practices.

Winter cover crops effects on soil properties and sweet corn yield in semi‐arid irrigated systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Eric Antosh ◽  
John Idowu ◽  
Brian Schutte ◽  
Erik Lehnhoff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Winter Cover Crops and Nitrogen Management in Sweet Corn and Broccoli Rotations

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Z. Burket ◽  
Delbert D. Hemphill ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N ◽  
Winter Fallow

Cover crops hold potential to improve soil quality, to recover residual fertilizer N in the soil after a summer crop that otherwise might leach to the groundwater, and to be a source of N for subsequently planted vegetable crops. The objective of this 5-year study was to determine the N uptake by winter cover crops and its effect on summer vegetable productivity. Winter cover crops [red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L. var. Wheeler), a cereal rye/Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) mix, or a winter fallow control] were in a rotation with alternate years of sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Jubilee) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis Group cv. Gem). The subplots were N rate (zero, intermediate, and as recommended for vegetable crop). Summer relay plantings of red clover or cereal rye were also used to gain early establishment of the cover crop. Cereal rye cover crops recovered residual fertilizer N at an average of 40 kg·ha-1 following the recommended N rates, but after 5 years of cropping, there was no evidence that the N conserved by the cereal rye cover crop would permit a reduction in inorganic N inputs to maintain yields. Intermediate rates of N applied to summer crops in combination with winter cover crops containing legumes produced vegetable yields similar to those with recommended rates of N in combination with winter fallow or cereal rye cover crops. There was a consistent trend (P < 0.12) for cereal rye cover crops to cause a small decrease in broccoli yields as compared to winter fallow.

scholarly journals Impacts of winter cover cropping on soil moisture and evapotranspiration in California's specialty crop fields may be minimal during winter months

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alyssa DeVincentis ◽  
Samuel Sandoval Solis ◽  
Sloane Rice ◽  
Daniele Zaccaria ◽  
Richard Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
And Control

As fresh water supplies become more unreliable, variable and expensive, the water-related implications of sustainable agriculture practices such as cover cropping are drawing increasing attention from California's agricultural communities. However, the adoption of winter cover cropping remains limited among specialty crop growers who face uncertainty regarding the water use of this practice. To investigate how winter cover crops affect soil water and evapotranspiration on farm fields, we studied three systems that span climatic and farming conditions in California's Central Valley: processing tomato fields with cover crop, almond orchards with cover crop, and almond orchards with native vegetation. From 2016 to 2019, we collected soil moisture data (3 years of neutron hydroprobe and gravimetric tests at 10 field sites) and evapotranspiration measurements (2 years at two of 10 sites) in winter cover cropped and control (clean-cultivated, bare ground) plots during winter months. Generally, there were not significant differences in soil moisture between cover cropped and control fields throughout or at the end of the winter seasons, while evapo-transpirative losses due to winter cover crops were negligible relative to clean-cultivated soil. Our results suggest that winter cover crops in the Central Valley may break even in terms of actual consumptive water use. California growers of high-value specialty crops can likely adopt winter cover cropping without altering their irrigation plans and management practices.

scholarly journals Soybean Yields and Biomass Production of Winter Cover Crops in the Southwest of Parana – Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarildo Antonio Tessaro ◽  
Mauricio Antonio Pereira ◽  
Ademir Calegari ◽  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Management And Conservation

The use of winter cover crops is an important practice for the management and conservation of soil and water in southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the accumulation of green mass and dry mass in the aerial part of winter cover crops in monocropping and intercropping in southwestern Paran&aacute;, in the years 2016 and 2017. Randomized blocks were used as experimental design with a subdivided plot scheme of 50 m&sup2; with five replications. The cover crops used in monocropping were black oats and wheat, while for the intercropping black oats + turnips + rye + white lupin (AP+NF+C+TB), black oats + turnips (AP+NF) and black oats + turnips + rye + vetches + white lupin + buckwheat (AP+NF+C+E+TB+TM) were used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5 % probability. The intercrop composed of black oats + turnips + rye + vetches + white lupin + buckwheat had a higher production of green mass, with an average value of 50.880 kg ha-1. For the production of dry mass, the monocrop of black oats had higher yields, with an average value of 5.168 kg ha-1. The highest yields were obtained in the coverage area with black oats, turnips, rye, vetches, white lupin and buckwheat, presenting a yield in 2017 of 4.487 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals WINTER COVER CROPS SOWING SYSTEMS FOR PLANTING LETTUCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Lidiane Fernandes Colombari ◽  
Vitor Massami Imaizumi ◽  
Luiz Felipe Guedes Baldini ◽  
Prínscilla Pâmela Nunes Chaves ◽  
Rumy Goto
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Lettuce Cultivar

The sowing system, as well as the species used as covercrops, may interfere with the production of straw and the development of further crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate sowing systems for black oat (Avena strigosaSchreb) and white lupine (Lupinus albus) as cover crops, the dry matter production of these plants and their influence on Americana and Curly lettuces yield. Two experiments were performed, one for each lettuce cultivar. The experimental design was composed of 8 treatments (factorial 4x2), evaluated in randomized blocks, with five replications. The first factor is related to four soil coverages (black oat, white lupine, black oat + white lupine and weed) and the second one is the sowing system (handand mechanized in line). The cover plants drying was performed 47 days after planting and the amount of dry matter produced in the area (straw) was then measured. After 30 days from drying, varieties of Curly and Americana lettuce were planted under straw. The lettuce cultivars were evaluated for fresh mass, shoot height and head diameter. For both lettuces, the benefit ofgreen manure was higher using black oat only or combinedwith white lupine, either handor mechanized sowed.

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