scholarly journals Stimulation of Short-term Plant Growth by Glycerol Applied as Foliar Sprays and Drenches under Greenhouse Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Tisserat ◽  
Amy Stuff
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Diverse Plant ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of aqueous solutions applied as foliar spray and drench applications of glycerol were tested on the ‘Chantenay’ carrot (Daucus carota L.) family Apiaceae, corn (Zea mays L.) family Poaceae, and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) family Lamiaceae under greenhouse conditions. Foliar sprays and drenches were administered to carrots at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, or 50 ml·L−1. Fresh weights, dry weights, and taproot diameter from carrot seedlings sprayed with a solution containing 5 mL·L−1 (50 mm) glycerol increased 105.6%, 158.4%, and 53.8%, respectively, when compared with untreated carrots. Foliar sprays were administered to corn at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 ml·L−1 and spearmint at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mL·L−1. Growth responses increased in corn and spearmint by using certain glycerol concentrations. Fresh weights, dry weights, and shoot length from corn seedlings sprayed with a solution containing 0.5 mL·L−1 (5 mm) glycerol increased 83.5%, 154.6%, and 90.9%, respectively, when compared with untreated corn. Fresh weights, dry weights, and shoot length from mint plants sprayed with a solution containing 5 mL·L−1 (50 mm) glycerol increased 46.6%, 68.7%, and 102.5%, respectively, when compared with untreated plants. Glycerol applications can stimulate growth responses in diverse plant species.

Cysteamine: a human health dietary additive with potential to improve livestock growth rate and efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Barnett ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Somatotrophic Axis

Cysteamine is a biological compound produced in the gastrointestinal tract and hypothalamus of all animals that acts on the somatotrophic axis. Cysteamine is finding increasing application in human medicine and also as a natural, in-feed growth promotant for monogastric and ruminant livestock that increases feed conversion efficiency, growth rate and leanness. It improves nutrient digestion and absorption by increasing portal-drained viscera blood flow and net portal absorption, while also reducing gastroenteropancreatic, plasma and hypothalamus concentrations of the inhibitory hormone, somatostatin (SRIF). Dietary inclusion rates required to achieve growth responses are typically about 10 times higher in ruminants than those required for pigs, but it is unclear whether ruminal breakdown of cysteamine is contributing to this difference. While short-term stimulation of growth, milk production and improved feed use efficiency are apparent, studies over longer periods are required, especially in breeding animals, due to the process of SRIF depletion being reversible. This review provides an overview of cysteamine’s mode of action in improving nutrient utilisation and its application in human nutrition and health, as well as its potential use as a growth promotant in the livestock industries.

scholarly journals Growth Control of Asiatic Jasmine and Carolina Jessamine with Uniconazole

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
William J. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gelsemium Sempervirens

Abstract A single foliar spray of 75 to 300 ppm uniconazole suppressed runner elongation of Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai (Asiatic or Japanese star jasmine) for 9 weeks. Uniconazole did not, however, affect number of runners exceeding 20.3 cm (8 in) in length or shoot dry weight. Two foliar sprays of 300 to 900 ppm uniconazole or two drench applications of 3 to 20 mg ai/pot, applied 6½ weeks apart, suppressed lengths of the longest runners for at least 19 and 6 weeks, respectively, and runner number exceeding 20.3 cm (8 in) and shoot dry weight for 46 weeks. Two foliar sprays of 75 to 300 ppm uniconazole or two drench applications of 1 to 5 mg ai/pot, applied 14 weeks apart, reduced shoot dry weight of Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait. (Carolina jessamine) 38 and 59 weeks after initial treatment, but had no effect on shoot length as early as 14 weeks after initial treatment. Shoot length of jessamine was reduced 6 and 19 weeks after initial treatment with two foliar sprays of 300 to 900 ppm uniconazole or two drench applications of 3 to 20 mg ai/pot. Foliar rates of 600 or 900 ppm and drench rates of 10 to 20 mg ai/pot suppressed shoot growth of jessamine excessively and were considered unacceptable.

scholarly journals Ornamental Cabbage and Kale Growth Responses to Daminozide, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Industry Standard

Ornamental cabbage and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants of cultivars Osaka White and Nagoya Red were treated with paclobutrazol and uniconazole as foliar sprays or substrate drenches. These treatments were compared to the industry standard of daminozide foliar sprays. Applying drenches of paclobutrazol (a.i.) at 4 mg/pot or uniconazole (a.i.) at 1 mg/pot (28,350 mg = 1.0 oz) resulted in 6% or 17%, respectively, shorter `Osaka White' plants while a 2 mg/pot paclobutrazol drench or a uniconazole drench at 0.25 mg/pot resulted in 25% shorter `Nagoya Red' plants. Although effective, the expense of substrate drenches for both plant growth regulators (PGRs) would not be economically feasible for growers to use. Paclobutrazol foliar sprays at concentrations of up to 80 mg·L-1 (ppm) were ineffective in controlling plant height and diameter of either `Osaka White' or `Nagoya Red'. A uniconazole foliar spray of 16 mg·L-1 resulted in 17% shorter `Nagoya Red' plants and 6% shorter `Osaka White' plants. A daminozide foliar spray of 2500 mg·L-1, sprayed twice, resulted in 21% shorter plants for both cultivars. Spraying daminozide would provide optimal height control for the retail grower. Although spraying daminozide twice controlled plant height and costs half the amount of an uniconazole spray at 16 mg·L-1, plant diameter was not affected with daminozide, therefore a wholesale grower who would desire a smaller diameter plant should use a uniconazole spray of 16 mg·L-1.

Is money the creation of the state or the market? (On the “modern monetary theory” as described in the textbook by W. Mitchell, L. R. Wray and M. Watts “Macroeconomics”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
S. A. Andryushin
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Monetary Theory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 2019, a textbook “Macroeconomics” was published in London, on the pages of which the authors presented a new monetary doctrine — Modern Monetary Theory, MMT, — an unorthodox concept based on the postulates of Post-Keynesianism, New Institutionalism, and the theory of Marxism. The attitude to this scientific concept in the scientific community is ambiguous. A smaller part of scientists actively support this doctrine, which is directly related to state monetary and fiscal stimulation of full employment, public debt servicing and economic growth. Others, the majority of economists, on the contrary, strongly criticize MMT, arguing that the new theory hides simple left-wing populism, designed for a temporary and short-term effect. This article considers the origins and the main provisions of MMT, its discussions with the mainstream, criticism of the basic tenets of MMT, and also assesses possible prospects for the development of MMT in the medium term.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michihiro Osumi ◽  
Daisuke Shimizu ◽  
Yuki Nishi ◽  
Shu Morioka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported. Objective: The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP. Methods: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs. Results: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p <  0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p <  0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p >  0.05). Conclusions: Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.

scholarly journals Phytophthora Diversity in Pennsylvania Nurseries and Greenhouses Inferred from Clinical Samples Collected over Four Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Cody Molnar ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva ◽  
Seonghwan Kim ◽  
Tracey Olson ◽  
Devin Bily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Exotic Pathogens ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Diverse Plant

The increasing movement of exotic pathogens calls for systematic surveillance so that newly introduced pathogens can be recognized and dealt with early. A resource crucial for recognizing such pathogens is knowledge about the spatial and temporal diversity of endemic pathogens. Here, we report an effort to build this resource for Pennsylvania (PA) by characterizing the identity and distribution of Phytophthora species isolated from diverse plant species in PA nurseries and greenhouses. We identified 1137 Phytophthora isolates cultured from clinical samples of >150 plant species submitted to the PA Department of Agriculture for diagnosis from 1975 to 2019 using sequences of one or more loci and morphological characteristics. The three most commonly received plants were Abies, Rhododendron, and Pseudotsuga. Thirty-six Phytophthora species identified represent all clades, except 3 and 10, and included a distinct subgroup of a known species and a prospective new species. Prominent pathogenic species such as P. cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, P. drechsleri, P. pini, P. plurivora, and P. sp. kelmania have been found consistently since 1975. One isolate cultured from Juniperus horizontalis roots did not correspond to any known species, and several other isolates also show considerable genetic variation from any authentic species or isolate. Some species were isolated from never-before-documented plants, suggesting that their host range is larger than previously thought. This survey only provides a coarse picture of historical patterns of Phytophthora encounters in PA nurseries and greenhouses because the isolation of Phytophthora was not designed for a systematic survey. However, its extensive temporal and plant coverage offers a unique insight into the association of Phytophthora with diverse plants in nurseries and greenhouses.

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