Implications of Mating Behavior in Watermelon Breeding

Understanding the natural mating behavior (self- or cross-pollination) in watermelon is important to the design of a suitable breeding strategy. The objective of this study was to measure the rate of self- and cross-pollination in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] using the dominant gene Sp (Spotted leaves and fruit) as a marker. The experiment consisted of two studies and was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 years (2009 to 2011) and four locations (Clinton, Kinston, Oxford, Lewiston, NC). For the intercrossing study, whole plots were the two spacings (1.2 × 0.3 m and 1.2 × 0.6 m) with four replications in 2010. For the inbreeding study, whole plots were two equidistant spacings (3 × 3 m and 6 × 6 m) with four replications in 2009 to 2011. Cultivars Allsweet and Mickylee were subplots within each whole plot. In the inbreeding study, spacing and year had a significant effect on the rate of self-pollination, which was moderate (47% and 54%, respectively) when watermelon plants were trained in a spiral and spaced 3 × 3 m or 6 × 6 m apart. Spacing and cultivar did not have a significant effect on cross-pollination in the intercrossing study. Closely spaced watermelon plants (1.2 × 0.3 m and 1.2 × 0.6 m) had low natural outcrossing rate (31% and 35%, respectively) and was not adequate to intercross families. However, breeders should consider the amount of self-pollination in watermelon to calculate the estimates of component of genetic variances.

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Pola Segregasi Sifat Ketahanan Terhadap Soybean Stunt Virus dan Keragaman Genetik FAMILI F2:3 HASIL PERSILANGAN VARIETAS ORBA DAN GALUR B3570

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1973-77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77

Author(s):

Hasriadi Mat Akin ◽

Emi Lidya Astri ◽

Maimun Barmawi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Single Gene ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Segregation Pattern ◽

Total Genetic Diversity ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Moderately Resistant

Segregation pattern of the Soybean Stunt Virus resistant character and genetic diversity of F2:3 families derived from crosses between Orba and B3570. Soybean stunt disease caused by SSV (Soybean Stunt Virus) is the most destructive soybean disease in Indonesia. This research was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 at experiment station of Lampung University. The aims of this research were to evaluate the segregation of resistant characters and total genetic diversity of eight populations of F2:3 families. Experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The resistance was evaluated based on the score of disease severity. The results showed that the resistant characters segregate 1:2:1 to susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, respectively based on the segregation pattern. The resistant character was controlled by single gene and the action of the gene is noncompletely dominant gene. Eight populations of F2:3 families have high diversities on the yield and yield components.

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Inheritance of Resistance to Powdery Mildew Race 2 in Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1227 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1227-1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Antonia Y. Tetteh ◽

Todd C. Wehner ◽

Angela R. Davis

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Dominance Model ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Stem Resistance ◽

Nonallelic Interactions ◽

Race 2 ◽

Moderate Resistance

Information on the mode of inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in watermelon is important for designing a breeding strategy for the development of new cultivars. Resistance in the watermelon accession PI 270545 was investigated by generation means analysis by crossing it with susceptible PI 267677. The analyses showed involvement of two genes, a recessive resistance gene, pmr-1, and a dominant gene for moderate resistance, Pmr-2. Resistance to powdery mildew in the leaf had a large dominance effect and a heritability of 71%. The additive-dominance model was inadequate in explaining variation in leaf resistance as revealed by the joint scaling test. However, nonallelic interactions could not be detected by the nonweighted six-parameter scaling test. For stem resistance, the additive-dominance model was adequate, and inheritance was controlled mainly by additive effects. A high narrow-sense heritability of 79% suggested that selection for stem resistance in early generations would be effective.

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VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, TINDAK GEN DAN KEMAJUAN GENETIK KEDELAI (Glycine max Merrill) PADA ULTISOL

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.9.2.183-190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suprapto Suprapto ◽

Narimah Md Kairudin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Gene Action ◽

Block Design ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Additive Gene Action ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Additive Gene ◽

Broadsense Heritability

Information on genetic variation, heritability, gene action and genetic advance were important in the development of soybean varieties adapted on Ultisol. The objective of this experiment was to estimate genetic variation, hertability, gene action and genetic advance from the populaton used in breeding program. Six genotypes, i.e Dempo, Cikuray, Davros, Orba, Sindoro and Wilis were intercrossed using diallel Griffings’ Method 2 Model 1 (1956). These six genotypes and 15 F1 hybrids were planted on Ultisol using randomized complete block design with three replications located in Medan Baru village, Bengkulu city in 1999. The results of this experiment revealed that all traits showed low to high genetic variation, high broadsense heritability, low to high narrowsense heritability and genetic advance. Date of flowering and root length were fully controlled by additive gene action, however harvest index was fully controlled by negative dominant gene action and epistasis. Other traits were controlled by positive and negative partially dominant, and positive overdominant genes.

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Effect of vine and fruit pruning on yield attributes of two watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars

Advances in Horticultural Science ◽

10.36253/ahsc-10193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 269-275

Author(s):

Assinapol Ndereyimana ◽

Bancy Waithila Waweru ◽

Boniface Kagiraneza ◽

Arstide Nshuti Niyokuri ◽

Placide Rukundo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Short Rains ◽

Animal Resources ◽

Pruning Methods

This study was carried out to determine the effect of vine and fruit pruning on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) yield. Five pruning methods: P1=no pruning at all, P2=pruning to four vines with two fruits per vine, P3=pruning to four vines with one fruit per vine, P4=pruning to three vines with two fruits per vine and P5=pruning to three vines with one fruit per vine were evaluated on two watermelon cultivars: ‘Sugar baby’ and ‘Julie F1’ under a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Investigations were carried out in the seasons 2017A (short rains) and 2017B (long rains) at Karama and Rubona experimental sites belonging to Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board. The obtained results indicated a significant difference among the different cultivars and pruning methods tested during both seasons and at two sites. Generally, all studied parameters recorded higher values during season 2017B than in season 2017A at Rubona site. A similar trend was recorded at Karama site except that the fruit yield per plant and per hectare for plants which were pruned to three vines with one fruit reduced during season 2017B as compared to season 2017A. The highest number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and per hectare was recorded in ‘Julie F1’ compared to ‘Sugar baby’ at both sites and during both seasons. Higher fruit weight was obtained when both cultivars were pruned to three or four vines with one fruit per vine. Higher number of fruits per plant and higher fruit yield per plant was observed under pruning to four vines with two fruits per vine at Rubona site; while at Karama site, higher fruit yield per plant was recorded under pruning to three vines with one fruit or two fruits per vines and pruning to four vines with two fruits per vine. A similar trend was observed in fruit yield per hectare. Based on results of the current study, cultivation of the hybrid ‘Julie F1’ and pruning to three vines with one fruit per vine is recommended for optimum watermelon yield with big-sized fruits.

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PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND NERICA AND NON -NERICA RICE ENOTYPES IN MULTI-ENVIRONMENT YIELD TRIALS AS ANALYSED USING GGEBIPLOT MODEL

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2796 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 146-158

Author(s):

Sewagegne Tariku ◽

Tadesse Lakew

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Block Design ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Scale Production ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Yield Data ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Genotype 2 ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Rice Genotypes

Ten upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) and three upland non-NERICA rice genotypes were evaluated at three locations of six environments in north western Ethiopia from 2009 to 2011 to identify stable and high yielding genotypes and mega environments. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. GGE biplot methodology was used for graphically display of yield data. The combined analysis of variance revealed that environment (E) accounted for 32.2% of the total variation while G and GEI captured 20.3% and 21.1%, respectively. The first 2 principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a 2-dimensional GGE biplot and explained 56.9 % and 20.6% of GGE sum of squares (SS), respectively. Genotypic PC1 scores >0 detected the adaptable and/or higher-yielding genotypes, while PC1 scores <0 discriminated the non-adaptable and/or lower-yielding ones. Unlike genotypic PC1 scores, near-zero PC2 scores identified stable genotypes, whereas absolute larger PC2 scores detected the unstable ones. On the other hand, environmental PC1 scores were related to non-crossover type GEIs and the PC2 scores to the crossover type. Among the tested genotypes 3, 2, 11, 13, 8 were found to be desirable in terms of higher yielding ability and stability in descending order. Based on GGEbiplot analysis, the test environments were classified in to three mega-environments. Mega -1 included environment WO-1 (Woreta) with genotype 9 as a winner; Mega-2 constituted environments such as WO-3 and WO-5 (Woreta) with genotype 2 as a winner and Mega-3 contained environments including PA-2,PA-6(Pawe) and ME-7(Metema) with genotype 8 as winner. However, it is not justifiable to consider two mega-environments within one specified area. So that mega environments 1 and 2 should be treated as one. The result of this study can be used as a driving force for the national rice breeding program to design breeding strategy that can address the request of different stakeholders for improved varieties. Among the tested genotypes in this study, three candidate genotypes (2, 3 and 8) were selected and verified considering their better performance. Of which, genotype 2 has been officially released for large scale production with the common name ‘’NERICA-12’’.

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Generation mean analysis for grain yield and its components in popcorn

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 451-458

Author(s):

Shah Fahad ◽

Muhammad Noor ◽

Durri Shahwar ◽

Mukhtar Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Gene Action ◽

Block Design ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractKnowledge about genetic composition of a character helps plant breeders to plan their breeding programs. Grain yield and related traits are very important in maize breeding programs. In our experiment four each of parents, F1s, F2s, BC1s and BC2s were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshehra and Agriculture University Peshawar. The experimental material at both locations were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. In all crosses dominance gene action was found to be important in the inheritance of ear diameter, ear length, percent shelling and grain yield. Additive genetic effects were found negative and non-significant in all four crosses for percent shelling. Duplicate type of non-allelic interactions was observed for shelling percentage in all crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in cross, PS-1 × BD-1 and PS-2 × BD-1 for ear length. For grain yield both complementary and duplicate type of epistasis were observed. Additive genetic effects werefound significant with positive and negative magnitude in two crosses each. It is concluded that crosses, where dominant gene action was found predominant, should be effectively utilized in hybrid maize programs for improved grain yield and related traits.

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Watermelon cultivation in regeneration areas of a sugarcane field under different soil managements

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2019.v54.00039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Sampaio de Araújo ◽

Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco ◽

Carolina Cinto de Moraes ◽

Alex Humberto Calori ◽

Amarílis Beraldo Rós ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Sugarcane Field ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Commercial Yield

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation in regeneration areas of a sugarcane field, under different soil management systems and N fertilization regimes. Two experiments were carried out in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvest seasons, in areas of sugarcane plantation in Andradina, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Cultivations were performed in a randomized complete block design, with plots and subplots, and four replicates. The plots represented the tillage systems (conventional, minimum tillage, and no-tillage), and the subplots, the different N fertilization rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) applied as topdressing. In 2014/2015, the minimum tillage system resulted in the highest commercial yield of 70.2 Mg ha-1. In 2015/2016, there were no differences for yield among tillage systems; however, yield differed among N treatments. The highest commercial yields of 64.1 and 31.1 Mg ha-1 were achieved with the N doses of 253 and 209 kg ha-1 as topdressing, respectively, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Watermelon can be cultivated in regeneration areas of sugarcane field, and the demand of N by the plant does not depend on the soil tillage system.

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Preemergence Herbicides Applied Pre- and Postcrimp in a Rye Cover Crop System for Control of Escape Weeds in Watermelon

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03932-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 117-120

Author(s):

Lavesta C. Hand ◽

Wheeler G. Foshee ◽

Tyler A. Monday ◽

Daniel E. Wells ◽

Dennis P. Delaney

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Studies ◽

Application Timing ◽

Cereal Rye ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Crop System

Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Tallassee, AL, to evaluate the effect of preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications pre- and postcrimp in a cereal rye (Secale cereale) cover crop for control of escape weeds in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an augmented factorial treatment arrangement with four replications. The augmented factorial arrangement included three levels of PRE herbicides, two levels of application timing, and a nontreated control. PRE herbicide treatments included ethalfluralin (18 oz/acre), fomesafen (2.5 oz/acre), and halosulfuron (0.56 oz/acre). Application timings were precrimp (herbicide applied before crimping and rolling of the cover crop) and postcrimp (herbicide applied after crimping and rolling of the cover crop). A nontreated cover crop only treatment was also included. There were no interactions among application timing and herbicide. Results indicated application timing influenced total weed coverage but not watermelon yield. Total weed coverage was lowest in precrimp applied treatments at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment (WAT). Comparing individual treatments revealed no significant differences among herbicides with respect to watermelon yield; however, all herbicides increased yield compared with the nontreated.

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The study of watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus) and pinenapple fruit (Ananas comosus L.) proportion with caragenan addition on fruit leather physicochemical characteristics

Food Technology and Halal Science Journal ◽

10.22219/fths.v1i1.7552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Devi Dwi Siskawardani Rias Anggun Kartika, Warkoyo Khusnul Khotimah

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Water Content ◽

Food Production ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Block Design ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Snack Food ◽

Watermelon Rind ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

presentage of pectin is about 21.03% which suitable for food production such as fruit leather. Fruit leather is one of the snack food products from fruit pulp (puree) were dried in an oven or a dehydrator. Shortage of watermelon rind fruit leather is to produce flavor and color that is less interesting and has a less flexible texture. Therefore, in making fruit leather from watermelon rind is added substitution materials and stabilizers such as pineapple and carrageenan. This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of watermelon rind with pineapple and the addition of carrageenan concentration on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fruit leather. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial. The first factor with three levels, namely the proportion of watermelon rind and pineapple (90%:10%, 80%:20%, and 70%:30%). The second factor was carrageenan concentration (0,2%, 0,4%, and 0,6%). Treatment of the proportion of watermelon rind and pineapple had significant effect on water content, ash, vitamin C, hardness, sugar, lightness (L), yellowish (b+). Treatment of carrageenan concentration has significant effect on water content, ash, vitamin C, lightness (L). Fruit leather of watermelon rind that has best physicochemical characteristics was A1K1 treatment is the proportion of albedo rind and pineapple (90%: 10%) and carrageenan concentration 0.2%. organoleptic taste 3.10, aroma 2.70, color 3.00, and favor 3.03.

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DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ◽

10.32734/jpt.v4i2.3081 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 149-161

Author(s):

Berton Sianturi

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dose Response ◽

High Resistance ◽

Block Design ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Second Step ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

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