scholarly journals Growth of Cyclamen as Affected by Day and Night Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 466G-467
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Positive Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

The growth of Cyclamen persicum Mill. `Laser Scarlet' and `Sierra Scarlet' was evaluated for plants grown at day/night temperature differences of +9, +3, 0, –3 or –9°C. The day temperature was maintained for the duration of the 16-hr photoperiod and the day and night temperatures were selected to provide an average daily temperature of 16°C. The plants were grown at the specific temperatures starting 15 weeks from seeding until flowering. Total daily irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2. There was no significant difference in time to flower for plants of `Laser' (115 10.3 days from transplant). Flower buds appeared earlier above the foliage for `Sierra' plants grown at negative differences of 3 or 9°C (113 11.4 days) compared to plants grown at constant 16C (124 9.7 days). At flowering, plants grown with a positive difference of 9°C were significantly taller (22 1.9 cm for `Laser' and 24 2.0 cm for `Sierra') than the plants at 16C (19 1.9 cm for `Laser' and 21 2.1 cm for `Sierra'). Plants of `Laser' grown at +3C difference were also taller (21 2.1 cm) than the control plants at 16°C. Plant dry weight was larger for plants of both `Laser' and `Sierra' grown with +9°C. There were no differences in flower number or flower size among plants within each cultivar grown at the different temperature conditions.

INFLUENCE DE TRAITEMENTS PRÉALABLES AU FROID SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU POINSETTIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
SERGE GAGNON ◽  
BLANCHE DANSEREAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cold Night ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Pretreatment

To achieve more rapid adaptation of plants grown under a constant cold night temperature regime, rooted poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ex. Klotzsch ’Annette Hegg Dark Red’) cuttings were given one of several cold pretreatments (TPF): either 17/13 °C or 13 °C for 5, 10, or 15 d. The influence of these TPF treatments was compared with that of control plants where the night temperature was 17 °C. There was no significant difference for the number of days to the first visible flower buds and to anthesis, for the number of flowering stems and bracts formed, for leaf area and aerial dry weight. However, the TPF treatment of 17/13 °C given for 15 d caused a significant increase in bract area, and of average flower head diameter compared to those plants given a TPF treatment of 13 °C for the same length of time.Key words: Euphorbia pulcherrima, night temperature, split night temperature, pretreatment

Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Rahim Mohammadian ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽  
Peyvand Samimifar
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION OF FLOWERING HABIT WITH WINTER SURVIVAL IN RED AND ALSIKE CLOVER DURING THE SEEDLING YEAR OF GROWTH

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri P. Therrien ◽  
Dale Smith
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Crown Root

The percentage of plants that flowered in the seedling year in spaced populations of red and alsike clovers at Madison and Arlington, Wisconsin, was highest in the earliest seedings (May 15) and decreased with later seeding dates. No plants flowered in the July 15th seedings. The percentage of winterkilling during the first winter was higher in the flowering plants of each clover than in the non-flowering plants. Differences in flowering and winter survival were noted among clover strains and in winter survival among plant types within strains.Prevention of flowering in medium red clover by removing flower buds, flowering stems and/or elongating tillers resulted in greater vegetative vigour and winter survival. Plants that were allowed to flower freely in the seedling year in spaced populations had a smaller number of non-flowering crown tillers, a smaller width of crown, a lower dry weight of crown, root and total available carbohydrates in the roots, less root branching, a slightly lower percentage of total available carbohydrates in the roots, and more winterkilling during the first winter than plants that were prevented from flowering. These responses may help in part to explain the benefits attributed to clipping red clover in the seedling year.

scholarly journals Flowering in Primula as Affected by Day and Night Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 680e-680
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Lemon Yellow ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Primula Vulgaris ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Difference

The growth of Primula vulgaris Huds. `Dania Lemon Yellow' and `Blue Danova' was evaluated for plants grown at day/night temperature differences of 9, 3, 0, –3 or –9°C. The day temperature was maintained for the duration of the 16-hour photoperiod and the day and night temperatures were selected to provide an average daily temperature of 16°C. The plants were grown at the specific temperatures starting 8 weeks from seeding until flowering. Total daily irradiance was 12 mol·d–1·m–2. Time for visible flower bud, flower color and first open flower was recorded. Plant height and flower bud number were determined at the termination of the experiment. `Dania Lemon Yellow' plants grown with a positive or negative difference of 9°C were significantly (P < 0.05) later in reaching a visible bud stage. There were no differences however, in the number of days required for flower color or first open flower for `Dania Lemon Yellow'. Plants of `Blue Danova' showed a significant difference only in the number of days required for flowering. The plants grown with a positive or zero difference between day and night required on average 2 more days to reach the stage of first open flower. There were no significant differences in plant height or flower bud number in `Dania Lemon Yellow' or `Blue Danova'.

scholarly journals Temperature Affects Leaf Unfolding Rate and Flowering of Cyclamen

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Flower

The rate of leaf unfolding for Cyclamen persicum Mill. was determined at 8 to 24 °C. Temperature treatments started 9 weeks from seeding and after 8 weeks all plants were moved to 16 °C. The cultivars Miracle Salmon, Miracle Scarlet, and Miracle White produced leaves at a similar rate. The relationship of (leaves/d) = - 0.01727 - 0.02284 * °C + 0.005238 * (°C)2 - 0.000162 * (°C)3 (R2 = 0.99) best described the leaf unfolding rate in response to temperature. The maximum leaf unfolding rate was estimated to 0.329 leaves/day at 19.1 °C. Flower buds (2 mm diameter) developed within 60 days from the start of temperature treatments except at 8 °C. Thirty-five additional days at 16 °C were required for cyclamen initially grown at 8 °C for 8 weeks to produce flower buds. Despite similar conditions during bud development, flowering was delayed 14 to 18 days for plants initially grown at 24 °C compared to those grown at 12 to 20 °C. Plants initially at 8 °C did not flower within 70 days at 16 °C. Leaf and flower numbers at first open flower increased as initial temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C while dry weight and height only increased to 20 °C. No correlation between leaf unfolding and rate of flowering or flower number was detected. Recommendations for 20 °C during early cyclamen growth can be expected to support rapid rates of leaf unfolding and development, and large flower numbers.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Temperature Affect Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494-1497
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Rene O’Connell ◽  
Ken Altman
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Short Days

Photoperiod, irradiance, cool temperature (5 °C), and benzyladenine (BA) application effects on Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ flowering were examined. Plants were placed in a 5 °C greenhouse under natural daylight (DL) for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks, then moved to a 22/18 °C (day/night temperature) greenhouse under short days (SD, 8-hour DL) plus 0, 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–1600 hr; 8-hour photoperiod), long days (LD) delivered with DL plus night-interruption lighting (NI) (2200–0200 hr), or DL plus 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–0200 hr) for 6 weeks. Plants were then grown under DL only. Percent flowering plants increased as irradiance increased from 0–25 to +75 μmol·m−2·s−1 on uncooled plants, from 0% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 8 weeks under subsequent SD and from 25% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 4 weeks under subsequent LD. As 5 °C exposure duration increased from 0 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 0 to 8 weeks (LD-grown), flower number increased from 0 to 11 and from 5 to 21 flowers per plant across irradiance treatments, respectively. Total production time ranged from 123 to 147 days on plants cooled from 8 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 52 to 94 days on plants cooled for 0–4 weeks to 119–153 days on plants cooled for 8–12 weeks (LD-grown). Flower life varied from 1 to 3 days. BA spray application (10–40 mg·L−1) once or twice after a 12-week 5 °C exposure reduced flower number. Flower development was not photoperiodic. High flower number (17–21 flowers/plant) and short production time (including cooling time, 120–122 days) occurred when plants were grown at 5 °C for 8 weeks, then grown under LD + 45–75 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 6 weeks (16 hours; 10.9–12.8 mol·m−2·d−1) at a 22/18 °C day/night temperature. Taken together, Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ exhibited a facultative cool temperature and facultative LD requirement for flowering.

INFLUENCE D’UN PRE-TRAITEMENT AU FROID ET DE LA TEMPERATURE NOCTURNE SUR LA CROISSANCE, LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET LE CONTENU EN ELEMENTS MINERAUX DE PLANTS DE POINSETTIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010
Author(s):  
MICHEL SENECAL ◽  
BLANCHE DANSEREAU
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

To achieve more rapid adaptation of plants grown under a constant or split night temperature regime, two poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ex. Klotzsch), Annette Hegg Dark Red (AHDR) and Annette Hegg Top White (AHTW), were given a cold pretreatment (PF). The PF was a 13 °C air temperature regime provided for 15 h a night during a 10-day period. The number of days to the first visible flower buds and to anthesis was longer for both cultivars having received a PF than the control plants (no pre-treatment). For AHDR only, plant height, top dry weight, the number and bract area were significantly lower after the PF when considering the average of the night temperature treatments. Regardless of the cultivar tested, no significant differences in bract diameter and root dry weight were observed between the control plants and those given a PF treatment. Whether the two cultivars were given a PF treatment or not, the split night temperature (TNP) of 16.3/14.2 °C caused a nonsignificant delay, from the appearance of first visible flower buds to anthesis, compared to those held at 16.7 °C. The most important delay of these parameters as well as the greatest reduction of bract area was obtained under a 10.8 °C night temperature. The TNP of 16.6/10.8 °C produced plants (PF or control), of both cultivars with a greater bract number and top dry weight. For the two cultivars given a PF treatment, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were greater when considering the means of the night temperature treatments.Key words: Euphorbia pulcherrima, cold pretreatment, night temperature, split night temperature

scholarly journals Relative Humidity and Nutrient Concentration Affect Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Begonia × hiemalis

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. Gislerød ◽  
Leiv M. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flower Buds

Young plants of Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch `Schwabenland Red' were grown for 10 weeks at 60% ± 5% or 90% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) in growth rooms. Plants were watered with three nutrient solution concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mS·cm-1). Transpiration of the plants was 56% lower at the high RH level, while the concentration of the nutrient solution had less effect (10% to 20%). Plant dry weight, height, width, and leaf size were significantly higher at the higher RH. Dry weight, height, width, and leaf size of the plants were higher in the 2 mS·cm-1 than in the 1 mS·cm-1 solution when grown at high RH, but not at a lower RH. A further increase of the nutrient solution concentration either had no effect or was detrimental. The higher RH decreased the concentration of N, P, and K in leaves and stems of plants, but an increase in the concentration of the nutrient solution increased the concentration of N, P, K, and Ca in both leaves and stems. At termination of the experiment, the number of flowers and flower buds and percent of flowering plants was higher at 90% RH than at 60% RH. These values also were higher at the higher nutrient solution concentrations. Time of anthesis was not affected.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Daily Light Integral Influences Flowering Time and Crop Characteristics of Cyclamen persicum

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wook Oh ◽  
In Hye Cheon ◽  
Ki Sun Kim ◽  
Erik S. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Light Integral

This study was carried out to examine the effect of photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) on the growth and flowering of cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill. ‘Metis Scarlet Red’). Plants with six fully unfolded leaves were grown at 24/16 °C (12 h/12 h) under an 8- or 16-h photoperiod at a photosynthetic photon flux of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 μmol·m−2·s−1, which provided seven DLIs: 1.4, 2.9, 4.3, 5.8, 8.6, 11.5, and 17.3 mol·m−2·d−1. Days to first flower decreased from 133 to 75 as DLI increased from 1.4 to 17.3 mol·m−2·d−1, although the acceleration of flowering was less pronounced when the DLI was greater than 5.8 mol·m−2·d−1. Mean leaf and flower number increased from 8.7 to 28.0 and from 0 to 14.7, respectively, as DLI increased from 1.4 to 11.5 mol·m−2·d−1, but there was no further increase under a DLI of 17.3 mol·m−2·d−1. Total dry weight and net photosynthetic rate showed a similar trend as leaf and flower number. We conclude that supplemental lighting can accelerate greenhouse production of potted cyclamen under a low ambient DLI (i.e., less than 12 mol·m−2·d−1).

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