scholarly journals Inhibition of Root Formation in Cuttings from Flowering Stock Plants of Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 836B-836
Author(s):  
Carrie DeVier ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Bud Removal

The influence of flowers on root formation in mum cuttings was evaluated for stock plants grown under long (LD) or short (SD) days. SD plants showed visible flower buds after 20 days and color after 30 days. Cuttings were taken from LD or SD plants at 10-day intervals until flowers were fully open. Cuttings from LD plants rooted at 100% throughout the study, with 24 or more roots per cutting. Cuttings from SD plants showed a gradual reduction in rooting percentage and number as flower development increased. After 30 days, roots per cutting for SD plants was reduced by 85% compared to LD cuttings and only 30% of SD cuttings rooted. In a separate experiment, cuttings were taken from stock plants after 40 long or short days. Partial or all flower buds were removed from SD plants prior to sticking. SD cuttings (regardless of flower bud removal) rooted at <47%. LD cuttings rooted between 23.6 to 43.8, while SD cuttings rooted between 3.1 and 8.5 roots per rooted cutting. The data indicates that cuttings taken from flowering plants show reduced potential for rooting and that this effect was not influenced by removal of flowers prior to sticking cuttings.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Stage and Chill Hours Influence the Activity of GA3 Applied to Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. NeSmith ◽  
Gerard Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei

Individual flower clusters of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were treated with 300 ppm GA at several flower bud stages to determine the activity of the growth regulator in promoting fruit set. Applications were made one time only at a specified stage of flower development, or once followed by a second application. A single application of GA when flower buds had elongated but corollas had not expanded (stage 5) led to the largest increase in fruit set. Two applications of GA, 10 to 18 days apart, increased fruit set compared with a single application at flower developmental stages other than stage 5. Fruit set promoted by a single spray of GA imposed on fully expanded corollas (stage 6) decreased with increasing number of chill hours (350, 520, 760, or 1150). Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA).

scholarly journals Perkembangan Morfo-anatomi Bunga, Buah, dan Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L), Sebagai Tanaman Penghasil Biodisel

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
. HAMIM ◽  
ZAHRUL ROMADLON ◽  
. DORLY
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), a non-edible producing plant, is a tropical plant traditionally used by local residents as firewood, building material and medicinal plants. The research aimed to study the development of flower and fruit as well as oil content of nyamplung seeds. Two adult trees (P1 and P2) with different provenance were used in experiment. Morphology of flower and fruit, and seed germination were observed from the field, while the microscopic anatomical observations and oil content analysis were carried out in the laboratory. The result showed that a single generative bud generally had 8-15 flowers. The flower was arranged in bunches, with 4 petals, 4 sepals, single pistil and 4 files of anthers surrounded the pistil. In some cases, the flowers had 5 sepals, or 3 sepals and 3 anthers files. Fruits were round, green and turned to harden with brownish color during maturation. Flower bud grown from bud was ready to blossom 27 days after initiation (DAI). There were up to 48.52% flower buds drop at 24 DAI, and they were still increase up to 64.5% flower drop during the whole of flower development. The observation also showed that fruit drop rate of P2 plant was higher than P1. After flower bloom for 3 or 4 days after anthesis, the flowers started to lose their parts. The fruits started to ripe 8-10 week after anthesis (WAA). Seeds from P2 tree had oil content of 51.79%, which was higher than the P1 tree (42.57%). 

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Temperature Affect Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494-1497
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Rene O’Connell ◽  
Ken Altman
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Short Days

Photoperiod, irradiance, cool temperature (5 °C), and benzyladenine (BA) application effects on Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ flowering were examined. Plants were placed in a 5 °C greenhouse under natural daylight (DL) for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks, then moved to a 22/18 °C (day/night temperature) greenhouse under short days (SD, 8-hour DL) plus 0, 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–1600 hr; 8-hour photoperiod), long days (LD) delivered with DL plus night-interruption lighting (NI) (2200–0200 hr), or DL plus 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–0200 hr) for 6 weeks. Plants were then grown under DL only. Percent flowering plants increased as irradiance increased from 0–25 to +75 μmol·m−2·s−1 on uncooled plants, from 0% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 8 weeks under subsequent SD and from 25% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 4 weeks under subsequent LD. As 5 °C exposure duration increased from 0 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 0 to 8 weeks (LD-grown), flower number increased from 0 to 11 and from 5 to 21 flowers per plant across irradiance treatments, respectively. Total production time ranged from 123 to 147 days on plants cooled from 8 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 52 to 94 days on plants cooled for 0–4 weeks to 119–153 days on plants cooled for 8–12 weeks (LD-grown). Flower life varied from 1 to 3 days. BA spray application (10–40 mg·L−1) once or twice after a 12-week 5 °C exposure reduced flower number. Flower development was not photoperiodic. High flower number (17–21 flowers/plant) and short production time (including cooling time, 120–122 days) occurred when plants were grown at 5 °C for 8 weeks, then grown under LD + 45–75 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 6 weeks (16 hours; 10.9–12.8 mol·m−2·d−1) at a 22/18 °C day/night temperature. Taken together, Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ exhibited a facultative cool temperature and facultative LD requirement for flowering.

scholarly journals CONTROLLING HEIGHT AND FLOWERING IN HYPOESTES PHYLLOSTACHYA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178g-1178
Author(s):  
Chi Wang ◽  
Kevin L. Grueber
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion ◽  
Short Days

Control of plant height and flowering are two major problems associated with the production of Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. (polka-dot plant). In seed-propagated cultivars, sprays of ancymidol (A-Rest), chlormequat (Cycocel), paclobutrazol (Bonzi), and uniconazole (Sumagic) were effective in inhibiting shoot growth and internode elongation at 100, 1000, 33, and 10 mg·l-1, respectively. Daminozide (B-Nine), even at 6000 mg·l-1, was ineffective compared to untreated controls. Ethephon (Florel) was effective in retarding plant growth at 500 mg·l-1, but at 1500 mg·l-1 resulted in leaf distortion and horizontal shoot growth. H. phyllostachya was determined to be a quantitative (facultative) short day plant. Seed-propagated plants with 16 or more nodes flowered regardless of photoperiod, but flowering was more rapid under short days (SD) than under long days (LD). Application of ethephon significantly inhibited shoot elongatioo and number of flower buds formed and also increased the incidence of flower bud abortion. In seed-propagated plants, 500 mg·l-1 ethephon did not adversely affect flowering when applied at any time during the first seven weeks after the start of SD. At 1500 or 2500 mg·l-1, ethephon applied at any time during the first five weeks after the start of SD maximized the number of vegetative buds and minimized the number of viable flower buds. When applied more than six weeks after SD began, ethephon did not promote the formation of vegetative axillary buds but did promote flower bud abortion.

scholarly journals (71) Day Length Controls Flowering and Height of Sunflower

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013E-1014
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Average Plant Height

Flowering in response to day length was identified for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. `Pacino Gold'). Germination and seedling development occurred at 20 °C and long days (ld, 16 hours) following direct seeding into 10-cm pots. Sixteen days after seeding, plants were placed at ld or short days (sd, 8 hours), 20 °C and 8 mol·d-1·m-2. Flowering was recorded at the stage of reflexed petals after 48 sd. At the time of flowering in sd, flower buds were of minute size under ld. Plants started at ld, and moved to sd after 1, 2, or 3 weeks, flowered at similar times as those grown under uninterrupted sd conditions. Four initial weeks of ld delayed flower development with 7 days, compared to a continuous sd environment. On the other hand, 2 to 3 weeks of initial sd followed by ld hastened flowering with 5 to 10 days. With increasing number of early ld from 1 to 4 weeks, plant height at flowering doubled from 20 to 40 cm. Average plant height in continuous sd was 18 cm. Plants grown exclusively or moved to ld after 1 to 4 weeks of sd were similar in height to plants finished at sd with 4 initial weeks of ld. Combinations of sd and ld may be used to manage height and rate of development in the sunflower `Pacino Gold'.

scholarly journals Rapid Flowering of Microcultured Cranberry Plants

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Serres ◽  
Brent McCown
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Potted Plant

The capability to uniformlyinduce flowering in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. `Stevens') in < 1 year from microculture was investigated to accelerate cranberry breeding and to study woody plant reproductive biotechnology. Flower buds were induced on newly micropropagated cranberry plants during the first growing season. A treatment of 2.5 mg of paclobutrazol applied as a soil drench per 2- to 3-month-old potted plant in midsummer, when the plants were grown in coldframes under natural daylength and air temperatures, resulted in 70% of the plants flowering. Plants not treated with paclobutrazol did not flower. Reduced but significant flower bud set was observed on plants treated with paclobutrazol but grown in the greenhouse under natural daylength. Flowering was stimulated by cold treatment coupled with gibberellin sprays and/or repotting to nonpaclobutrazol-treated medium. Chemical name used: β -[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-ct-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Flowering of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. Cultivars Influenced by Photoperiod and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent K. Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Short Days

Seedling growth and flowering responses were examined for four Eustoma cultivars exposed to photoperiod × temperature treatments during two seedling ages. Seedlings were grown under short days (SD, 12-hour photoperiod) or long days (LD, 18-hour photoperiod) in soil at 12 or 28C from 14 to 43 days after sowing. Seedlings from each treatment were then subdivided into four lots and subjected to the same photoperiod × temperature treatments from 43 to 79 days after sowing, for a total of 16 treatments. To determine flowering response, seedlings were grown subsequently for 120 days at 22C under the same photoperiod that they received from day 43 to 79. For all cultivars and both seedling ages, seedlings were larger and had more leaves when grown at 28C rather than at 12C, but the tallest plants at flowering were from seedlings exposed to 12C. Seedlings from some treatments bolted but did not initiate visible flower buds, and some seedlings developed visible buds that later aborted, resulting in plants that did not flower by the termination of the experiment (199 days). Cultivar and interactive effects of photoperiod and temperature influenced the percentage of flowering plants. Vegetative growth and flowering responses were similar for `Yodel White', `Heidi Pink', and `Blue Lisa'. They flowered as LD plants when seedlings were grown at 12C from day 14 to 43 or day 43 to 79. Seedlings of these cultivars that were grown under SD at 28C from day 43 to 79 did not flower, regardless of photoperiod or temperature treatments from day 14 to 43. However, SD photoperiod or 28C did not decrease flowering for `GCREC-Blue'.

scholarly journals Modeling the Effect of Temperature on the Flower Development Rate of Hybrid Impatiens

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Mary Vargo ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Flower Bud Development

The effect of average daily temperature (ADT) on flower bud development and subsequent time to flower was investigated on hybrid impatiens (Impatiens ×hybrida) cultivars Compact Electric Orange, Compact Hot Coral, and Compact Orchid Blush. Plants with a visible flower bud measuring 2 mm in width were placed in one of the four greenhouses with temperature setpoints ranging from 16 to 28 °C. Flower bud width was measured every 3 days in each ADT treatment until flowering. The subsequent days to flower (DTF) from the onset of a visible bud decreased from 36 to 27 days as the ADT increased from 17 to 28 °C. The DTF from visible bud varied by <3 days among the three cultivars across all temperatures; therefore, cultivar data were pooled to create a stronger prediction model. A logistic formula was used to predict the remaining DTF as a function of flower bud width and ADT. The model accurately described the effect of bud width and ADT on flowering time within ±3 days for 87% of the actual DTF across all three cultivars. The resulting flower development model provides greenhouse growers with a guide for manipulating temperature to produce flowering plants for specific market dates based on flower bud width measurements.

scholarly journals PHOTOPERIOD EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118d-1118
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Short Days

Containerized `Climax' and `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were exposed to 5 weeks of natural daylengths (i.e. gradually decreasing daylengths from 12 to 11 hr) or shortened daylengths (i.e. gradually decreasing daylengths from 10 to 8 hr) starting October 1. `Beckyblue' initiated twice as many flower buds under short days compared to longer days. The following spring, `Beckyblue' plants exposed to shortened photoperiods the previous fall had a greater percentage of floral budbreak (based on the number of flower buds formed within each treatment) and a shorter, more concentrated bloom period than did plants exposed to longer photoperiods the previous fall. Fresh weight per berry increased following the short fall photoperiod treatment, despite the fact that fruit number was higher. `Climax' did not respond to the photoperiod treatments in any way. Leaf carbon assimilation rates of both cultivars increased under short days, but there was no detectable effect of photoperiod on current carbon partitioning in either cultivar, suggesting that flower bud initiation is not limited by current source leaf assimilate supply under these conditions.

scholarly journals Coreopsis grandiflora `Sunray' Flowers in Response to Short Days or Vernalization

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100A-1100
Author(s):  
Sonali Padhye ◽  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Arthur Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Subsequent Flowering ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings ◽  
Photoperiod Control ◽  
Short Days

Coreopsis grandiflora `Sunray' has been reported to flower under long days (LD) following vernalization or short days (SD). The objectives of this study were to characterize the effective duration of vernalization and SD and to determine if photoperiod during vernalization influences flowering. Vegetative cuttings taken from stockplants developed from one seedling were rooted for 2 weeks and grown for 5 weeks. Plants were provided with a 9-hour photoperiod for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks or were vernalized at 5 °C under a 16-hour photoperiod for 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks or under a 9-hour photoperiod for 2 or 8 weeks. Following treatments, plants were grown in a greenhouse at 20 °C under a 16-hour photoperiod. Control plants were grown under constant 9- or 16-hour photoperiod. Leaf development, days to first visible bud (DVB), days to first open flower (DFLW), and height and total number of flower buds at FLW were recorded. No plants flowered under continuous SD. Under continuous LD, two plants flowered on axillary shoots but only after 95 days. All vernalized and SD-treated plants flowered on both terminal and axillary shoots. Photoperiod during vernalization did not affect subsequent flowering. DFLW decreased from 56 to 42 and from 50 to 42 after 2 to 8 weeks of vernalization and SD treatments, respectively. Following 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of vernalization, plants had 116, 116, 132, and 204 flower buds, respectively. Plant height at FLW of all SD-treated and vernalized plants was similar. Thus, 2 weeks of 9-hour SD or vernalization at 5 °C followed by LD was sufficient for flowering of our clone of C.`Sunray', although longer durations hastened flowering and increased flower bud number.

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