scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Growth and Physiology in Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] during Early Growth

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoguang Chen ◽  
Rong Jin ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Potassium (K+) is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. To investigate growth and physiological responses to K+ deficiency during early growth stage of sweetpotato, two representative cultivars with different tolerance to K+ deficiency were chosen. The seedlings of ‘Xushu 32’ (tolerance to K+ deficiency) and ‘Ningzishu 1’ (sensitive to K+ deficiency) were cultured in three different K+ concentrations (K0: 0 mmol·L−1 K+; K1: 5 mmol·L−1 K+; and K2: 20 mmol·L−1 K+, the control) of nutrient solution. Results showed that the extreme K+ deficiency (K0) significantly reduced the total dry weight, leaf number, root length, and chlorophyll content (CCI) compared with K2. However, the growth traits of ‘Xushu 32’ were less suppressed than those of ‘Ningzishu 1’. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate (Tr) of ‘Ningzishu 1’ were significantly decreased in K0 and K1 (low K+), whereas ‘Xushu 32’ showed no significant change in K1 treatment. Increasing minimal fluorensence (F0) of ‘Ningzishu 1’ comes with decreased maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching (qP) at K0 treatment. However, all the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in ‘Xushu 32’ were nonsignificantly changed by K+ deficiency (K0 and K1). These results suggest that ‘Xushu 32’ could maintain a better growth state to adapt to K+ deficiency stress, which may be mainly because of a lighter affected photosynthesis and a less damaged PSII reaction center.

scholarly journals Substantial Leaf Shedding—A Consistent Phenomenon among High-yielding Sweetpotato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 826-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. McLaurin ◽  
S.J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations

Four high-yielding sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars displayed substantial leaf shedding, under typical field production conditions, that was not due to pathological or herbivory causes. Losses ranged from ≈ 45% to 60% of the total leaves formed by the normal harvest date during 2 years. There was a strong positive correlation between leaf shedding and the number of vines (r2 = 0.80) and nodes (r2 = 0.89) per plant. Likewise, positive correlations were found between leaf shedding and total dry weight (r2 = 0.67), root fresh weight (r2 = 0.65), root dry weight (r2 = 0.60), and vine dry weight (r2 = 0.68). Distinct differences were found among cultivars in dry-matter allocation within the plant. `Jewel' allocated a lower percentage of dry matter into vines and a higher percentage into storage roots. Estimated leaf dry matter losses due to leaf shedding ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 t·ha-1. High leaf losses appear to be closely related to vigorous vine growth and subsequent shading of older leaves but did not have a negative impact on storage root yield in the cultivars tested.

scholarly journals Effects of one haustorium-inducing quinone DMBQ on growth and development of root hemiparasitic plant Monochasma savatieri

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Chen ◽  
Zaibiao Zhu ◽  
Qiaosheng Guo ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT: Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim is a perennial, parasitic herb used in traditional Chinese medicine and its wild resources have decreased sharply in recent years due to destructively harvesting and habitat destruction. Haustorium formation is a key event of parasites, but the concentrations of haustorium-inducing factors vary with species and cultivation conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) concentration and cultivation density on the growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass of M. savatieri in the absence of a host plant. The results showed that both the DMBQ concentration and cultivation density regulated growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass in M. savatieri. The number of haustoria was significantly positively correlated with seedling height, maximum root length, the number of root tips and total dry weight. Membership function analysis revealed an overall greater increase in growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass when M. savatieri was treated with 10 μmol·L-1DMBQ and grew solitarily. These results offer an understanding of growth in M. savatieri influenced by the DMBQ concentration and cultivation density, which may aid in the establishment of a comprehensive cultivation system for M. savatieri or similar plants.

scholarly journals Different Nitrate and Ammonium Ratios Affect Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel. Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Longsheng Chen ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Yongzhong Chen ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
First Time

Camellia oleifera Abel., is an important woody plant, and its fruit contains high-quality edible oil. Production of C. oleifera has significantly expanded over the last 20 years in China. Due to the lack of appropriate information on nutrient management, its production has encountered low yield and low oil quality problems. As nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient and the most abundant in C. oleifera tissues, the present study investigated effects of different ratios of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) on the growth of a cultivar Xianglin 27 at the seedling stage. Uniform seedlings were grown in a soil-based substrate in containers and fertigated with solutions composed of six ratios of NO3− and NH4+, respectively for five months. Results showed that C. oleifera prefers both NO3− and NH4+ at a ratio of 1:1. Seedlings receiving this solution had the highest total N in leaves and total dry weight; elevated chrolophyll, soluble saccharide and protein contents as well as higher activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Our study shows for the first time that N supply for producing C. oleifera should be an equal ratio of NO3− and NH4+.

Analysis of growth and tuber yield in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Bulking Rate

SUMMARYGrowth and tuber yield of local sweet potato cultivars were compared during the 1974 and 1975 growing seasons. Three cultivars significantly outyielded the others. The cultivar effect was associated with differences in individual tuber weight, rate of bulking and percentage of total dry matter diverted into the vine or stem. Mean crop growth rate (C) and percentage of total dry matter diverted into the tubers were greater in the higher yielding cultivars and there was positive and significant correlation between Cand final total dry weight. Leaf area duration (D) was greater in 1975 than in 1974 but the differences between cultivars in D was not consistent. Higher yielding cultivars had significantly greater tuber/leaf ratio than the other cultivars.Bulking rate and tuber weight were positively correlated with tuber yield, while the percentage of total dry matter diverted into the vine was negatively correlated with tuber yield.

scholarly journals The changes of morphological and physiological characteristics in hemiparasitic Monochasma savatieri before and after attachment to the host plant

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9780
Author(s):  
Lanlan Chen ◽  
Zaibiao Zhu ◽  
Qiaosheng Guo ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Host Associations

Background Monochasma savatieri is an endangered hemiparasitic medicinal plant with a variety of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the urgent need to understand the parasitic biology of M. savatieri, parasite-host associations have long been neglected in studies of M. savatieri. Methods We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to analyze changes in the growth traits, physiological performance and anatomical structures of M. savatieri grown with the potential host Gardenia jasminoides E., before and after the establishment of the parasite-host association. Results Prior to the establishment of the parasite-host association, the presence of the host had no significant effect on the maximum root length, leaf indexes or total dry weight of M. savatieri seedlings, but had significant positive effect on seedling height, number of roots or number of haustoria. When it was continuously grown without a host, M. savatieri growth was rather slow. The establishment of the parasite-host association enhanced the growth of M. savatieri, and higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde accumulation were observed in M. savatieri with an established parasite-host association. Furthermore, an analysis of the anatomical structures of M. savatieri showed that the establishment of the parasite-host association enabled better development of the seedling vegetative organs than that in seedlings without parasite-host associations. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the physiological and anatomical changes that occurred in M. savatieri after connection with a host and suggests that the enhanced growth and development of M. savatieri were highly dependent on the parasite-host association.

Combining Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Assess the Adaptability of Medicinal Plant Aesculus chinensis Compared to Two Imported Aesculus Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4330-4336
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Fu ◽  
Fu Qiang Song ◽  
Jia Sen Wu ◽  
Xiang Shi Kong ◽  
Dan Dan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

Analysis of gas exchange and determination of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of three tree species including Aesculus chinensis, A. octandra and A. hybrida were conducted under field conditions and then comparison was carried out. The results showed that the light compensation point (LCP) was significantly different among the three tree species, of which the LCP of A. chinensis with 12.53 μmol·m-2·s-1 that of the lowest was notable lower than that of the other two species (36.11 and 46.41 μmol·m-2·s-1respectively). On the other hand, the light saturation point (LSP) of the three tree species also showed remarked different and the LSP of A. chinensis was 1475 μmol·m-2·s-1 which was dramatic higher than that of the other two species respective to 1366.67 and 1025 μmol·m-2·s-1. Beside, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (MNPR) was different too, MNPR of A. chinensis was 9.47μmol CO 2·m-2·s-1which was higher than the other two species (5.91 and 2.30 μmol CO 2·m-2·s-1 respectively), indicating A. chinensis had a higher photosynthetic capacity and stronger utilization ability for light energy. Moreover, the electron transport rate (ETR) of A. chinensis was higher than A. octandra and A. hybrida, the ETR of the former was 55.800 that were 1.33 and 1.44 times of the later two respectively. Quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ФPSII) in A. chinensis was higher than A. octandra and A. hybrida, the ФPSII of the former was 0.470 that were 1.21 and 1.15 times of the later two respectively. Furthermore, the photochemical quenching (qP) of A. chinensis was 0.975 much higher than A. octandra and A. hybrida respective to 1.10 and 1.10 times of the later two respectively. These three photochemical parameters with dramatic different among the three different tree species suggested A. chinensis had a high activity of electron transport and conversion efficiency for light energy.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and physiological analysis of increase in drought stress tolerance by melatonin in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yang ◽  
Sijia Bu ◽  
Shengxue Zhao ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

Abstract Drought stress seriously affects tomato growth, yield and quality. Previous reports have pointed out that melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress damage to tomato. To better understand the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf transcriptome profiles were analyzed in the “Micro Tom” tomato cultivar with or without melatonin irrigation under normal and drought conditions. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) simulated continuous drought treatment reduced plant height, but melatonin treatment improved plant growth rate. Physiological parameter measurements revealed that the drought-induced decreases in maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, the effective quantum yield of PSII, electron transfer rate, and photochemical quenching value caused by PEG6000 treatment were alleviated by melatonin treatment, which suggests a protective effect of melatonin on PSII. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 447, 3982, 4526 and 3258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparative groups plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (no drought), drought vs. no drought (minus-melatonin), drought vs. no drought (melatonin) and plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (drought), respectively. Furthermore, 101 DEGs were common to these four comparative groups. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs in the four comparative groups were involved in multiple metabolic processes and closely related to hormone signal transduction and transcription factors. These results provide new insights into a probable mechanism of the melatonin-induced protection of photosynthesis and enhancement of drought tolerance in tomato plants.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen supply level on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice under salt stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Chen Xu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Fenglou Ling
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Plasma Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Lower Magnitude

The change of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice were studied in five nitrogen levels during tillering, booting, and heading periods under salt stress. The net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), apparent mesophyll conductance (AMC), effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were significantly declined under salt stress and exhibited a lower magnitude of decline in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The stomatal limit value (Ls), Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and plasma membrane permeability were significantly increased and exhibited a lower magnitude of increase in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The amount of nitrogen in the nutrient solution should be reduced 50% after the heading period to decrease salt damage to rice under salt stress.

scholarly journals THE USE OF TREESHELTERS IN NURSERY PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 569g-570
Author(s):  
David W. Burger ◽  
Richard W. Harris ◽  
Pavel Svihra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Outdoor Nursery ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Treeshelters are translucent, polypropylene tubes that have been used in England for 10 years to improve the transplantation success and early growth of trees in the landscape. The focus of the presented research will be on the use of treeshelters in producing plants in the container nursery. The results from outdoor nursery and greenhouse, solution culture experiments will be presented. Treeshelters increase the temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration around those plants growing in them. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) inside shelters is reduced 40-60% depending on treeshelter color. Plants growing in treeshelters show increases in height and in the ratio between total fresh weight and total dry weight. However, plants growing in treeshelters also show decreases in leaf, stem, and root fresh and dry weights and leaf area. The potential benefits and current challenges surrounding the use of treeshelters will be discussed.

scholarly journals Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Awal Budset dan Budchip Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) yang Ditanam pada Berbagai Posisi Mata Tunas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Rivandi Pranandita Putra
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Bud Position ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Bud Chip

Germination phase is a crucial stage in the cultivation of sugarcane. This phase is influenced by numerous factors, such as the position of bud when the sugarcane seed is planted. This study aims to examine the responses of germination and early growth of sugarcane bud chip and budset seeds variety PS 862 that are grown in various bud positions, namely upward, downward, and side positions. Results explicated that there were significant differences in the seed germination that are grown with various bud positions. Seeds that are planted with a downward bud position germinate slower than the two other bud positions. However, the percentage of germination of all treatments were classified as vigorous since the numbers are more than 80%. There was a strong influence of the bud position on the number of tillers and root/shoot ratio. Seeds that are planted with upward and side bud position have more tillers than seeds grown with the two other positions. The root/shoot ratio was higher in seeds grown with upward positions than the other positions. Meanwhile, there were no significant effects of bud positions and the form of seed on plant and stem height, the number of leaves, as well as root, shoot, and total dry weight of the crop.

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