Effects of Cold Treatments on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Bulblets

For Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulblets produced by scale propagation, the effects of cold treatments on the sprouting and development of bulblets were studied. The results showed that 5 °C was a more suitable temperature than 2 or 10 °C. Bulblets treated at 5 °C for 3 weeks presented the best uniformity of seedling emergence, and the sprouting rate was 100%. Moreover, the largest bulbs were observed in this treatment after a growing season. It was found that long storage at low temperatures is unfavorable for bulb development. The weight and circumference of bulbs from bulblets that were cold-treated for more than 5 weeks were significantly less than those treated for 1 to 4 weeks. During the first 4 weeks of cold storage, the starch content of bulblets decreased significantly, coinciding with an increase in soluble sugars. The starch and soluble sugar contents in bulblets stored at 2 and 5 °C changed faster than those in bulblets stored at 10 °C. However, the effect of temperature on carbohydrates diminished gradually as the storage time increased. Long storage of bulblets at low temperatures is not good for subsequent growth and development. The results of this study provide important information for accelerating the scale propagation of L. davidii var. unicolor and maximizing bulb yield.

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Primary metabolite mobilization during germination in rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) seeds

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622008000100003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Renata Braga Souza Lima ◽

José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽

Silvana Cristina Pando ◽

Andréia Varmes Fernandes ◽

André Luis Wendt dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Starch Content ◽

Initial Period ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Starch Mobilization

This study aimed to characterize protein, oil, starch and soluble sugar mobilization as well as the activity of alpha-amylase during rosewood seed germination. Germination test was carried out at 25°C and the following parameters were analyzed: percentage of germination, initial, average, and final germination time. Seed reserve quantification was monitored in quiescent seeds and during different stages of radicle growth. Starch mobilization was studied in function of a-amylase activity. Germination reached 87.5% at the initial, average, and final time of 16, 21 and 30 days, respectively. Oil mobilization showed a negative linear behavior, decreasing 40% between the first and the last stage analyzed, whereas protein levels increased 34.7% during the initial period of germination. Starch content (46.4%) was the highest among those of the metabolites analyzed and starch mobilization occurred inversely to the observed for soluble sugars; alpha-amylase activity increased until the 15th day, a period before radicle emission and corresponding to the highest starch mobilization. The high percentage of rosewood seed germination may be related to the controlled condition used in the germination chamber as well as to high seed reserve mobilization, in special oil and starch.

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YIELD, PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS SEEDS, PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

Revista Científica Rural ◽

10.30945/rcr-v22i2.3086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 224-239

Author(s):

Tiago Pedó ◽

Angelita Celente Martins ◽

Dominique Dos Santos Delias ◽

Emanuela Garbin Martinazzo ◽

Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Starch Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological Quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and physiological quality of bean seeds in two agricultural crops, and the chemical composition of seedlings submitted to adverse temperatures during germination. For the field experiment, a randomized block design was used, using five genotypes, BRS Embaixador, IPR Tuiuiú, Guabiju, Carioquinha and Mouro, arranged in four replicates. The experimental units were composed of five lines with five meters in length, where 25 plants were randomly collected per experimental unit to measure the characters of interest. For laboratory testing the seeds produced were submitted to three temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C) during germination under controlled conditions. The evaluated characters were: grain yield, mass of a thousand seeds, germination, first germination count, starch content, soluble sugar, soluble protein and total amino acids. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and later compared by the Tukey test. Yield per plant revealed changes between the agricultural crops, as well as among the genotypes tested. Germination and the first germination count revealed higher magnitudes in seeds produced by BRS Embaixador, IPR Tuiuiu and Carioquinha genotypes. For all genotypes, protein and amino acid levels were higher in seedlings submitted to lower temperatures. The levels of starch and total soluble sugars were higher in seedlings produced at 35°C. Yield, seed physiological quality and chemical composition of seedlings are influenced by the crop and genotypes tested.

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Seed quality of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Sm. (Fabaceae) is influenced by storage condition

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v39n4179328 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo do Nascimento Araujo ◽

Marisol Ferraz ◽

Fabiana Karla Araújo Américo ◽

Fabrício Francisco Santos Silva ◽

Bárbara França Dantas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Total Soluble Sugars

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage conditions on the germination of A. cearensis seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized into split plots over time with four replicates. The storage conditions of the airtight containers in the refrigerator and laboratory, paper bags in the laboratory and liquid nitrogen were assessed for 27 months. In the laboratory, we evaluated the germination, the germination rate, uniformity of germination, and total soluble and reducing sugars in the radicle. In the greenhouse, we evaluated seedling emergence, emergence rate and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Seeds stored in the refrigerator maintained a high initial germination rate, which decreased from the 21st month. Seeds stored in paper bags in the laboratory showed low emergence and small seedlings. Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were mobilized when the seeds were stored at low temperatures. Thus, it is not advisable to store A. cearensis seeds in a laboratory environment without airtight containers. A. cearensis seeds kept in a refrigerated environment maintained their viability for at least two years.

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ACCUMULATION AND METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES IN MARIGOLD SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.648d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 648d-648

Author(s):

Jack W. Buxton ◽

Donna Switzer ◽

Guoqiang Hou

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Starch Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Night Temperature ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Lower Light ◽

Lower Light Intensity

Marigold seedlings, 3 weeks old, were grown in natural light growth chambers at 3 day/night temperature regimes, 8°N/16°D, 13°N/20°D and 18°N/24°D, in a factorial combination with ambient and 1000-1500 ppm CO2. Seedlings were harvested at regular intervals during a 24 hr period and were analyzed for soluble sugars (reducing sugars and sucrose) and starch. Neither temperature nor CO2 concentration affected the accumulation of soluble sugars or starch during the day or night. The soluble sugar concentration ranged from 3% of dry weight at sunrise to 6% at mid-day; the concentration changed little during the night. Light intensity was different during replications of the experiment. Increased light intensity appeared to cause a slight increase in the soluble sugars maintained by the seedling during the day. Accumulated starch increased 6% to 8% from sunrise to late afternoon. Preliminary results indicate that light intensity greatly affected the concentration of starch. On the higher light intensity day, starch accumulated to a maximum of 18% of dry weight; whereas on the lower light intensity day the maximum concentration was 10%. During the night following the lower light intensity day, the starch concentration decreased to approximately 3% by the end of the night; following a brighter day the starch content was 13% at the end of the night.

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A Forced Ventilation Micropropagation System for Photoautotrophic Production of Sweetpotato Plug Plantlets in a Scaled-up Culture Vessel: II. Carbohydrate Status

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.11.1.95 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 95-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Jeongwook Heo ◽

Chieri Kubota ◽

Toyoki Kozai

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Starch Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Ventilation System ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Culture Vessel ◽

Forced Ventilation ◽

Starch Concentration

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., `Beniazuma'] plantlets were grown photoautotrophically (without sugar) for 12 days in an improved forced ventilation system designed with air distribution pipes for uniform spatial distributions of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Enriched CO2 conditions and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) were provided at 1500 μmol·mol-1 and 150 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. The forced (F) ventilation treatments were designated high (FH), medium (FM), and low (FL), corresponding to ventilation rates of 23 mL·s-1 (1.40 inch3/s), 17 mL·s-1 (1.04 inch3/s), and 10 mL·s-1 (0.61 inch3/s), respectively, on day 12. The natural (N) ventilation treatment was extremely low (NE) at 0.4 mL·s-1 (0.02 inch3/s), relative to the forced ventilation treatments. Total soluble sugar (TSS) and starch content were determined on day 12. Total soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) of FH plantlets were lowest in leaf tissue and highest in stem tissue as compared to other ventilation treatments. Starch concentration was higher in leaf tissue of FH or FM plantlets as compared to that of FL or NE plantlets. Plantlets subjected to FH or FM treatments exhibited significantly higher net photosynthetic rates (NPR) than those of the other treatments; and on day 12, NPR was almost five times higher in the FH or FM treatment than the FL or NE treatments. Carbohydrate concentration of plantlets was also influenced by the position of the plantlets in the vessel. Within the forced ventilation vessels, leaf TSS of FH and FM plantlets was similar regardless of whether plantlets were located near the inlet or outlet of CO2 enriched air. However, under FH or FM conditions, leaf starch concentration was higher in plantlets located closest to the CO2 inlet as compared to the outlet.

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The Interaction of Photoperiod and Temperature on Cold Hardiness and the Accumulation of Soluble Sugars in Two Cultivars of Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.848f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 848F-848

Author(s):

C.L. Haynes ◽

O.M. Lindstrom ◽

M.A. Dirr

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Total Soluble Sugars ◽

Magnolia Grandiflora ◽

Temperature Interaction

Decreasing photoperiods and decreasing temperatures induce cold acclimation and the accumulation of soluble sugars in many plants. Two cultivars of southern magnolia differing in cold hardiness and acclimation patterns, were monitored to determine photoperiod × temperature interaction on cold hardiness and soluble sugar content. Cold hardiness increased with low temperatures and short photoperiods. Total soluble sugars, sucrose, and raffinose consistently increased in the leaves and stems of both cultivars in response primarily to low temperature. `Little Gem' was less responsive to photoperiod than `Claudia Wannamaker'

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Germination, Emergence, Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Two Silvergrasses, Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray and V. myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9840165 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 165 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

SP Dillon ◽

F Forcella

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Measured Characteristic ◽

Rates Of Growth ◽

Depth Of Burial

Effect of temperature and light on seed germination percentage and rate, depth of burial and seasonality on seedling emergence, and temperature and photoperiod on both vegetative growth and flowering were examined for two species of silvergrass in Australia. Maximum germination percentage was high for both taxa and occurred over a broad range of temperatures. In darkness, both optimum temperature for germination and germination rate were higher for V. myuros than for V. bromoides. In light, optimum temperature was similar for both species, although V. myuros maintained its higher rate. In addition, light doubled the range of temperatures over which the two species were able to germinate. Emergence of both taxa was retarded if seeds were buried below surficial depths but was consistently higher for V. myuros than for V. bromoides at all depths. Upon fulfilling an after-ripening requirement of 2-3 months, fresh seed could germinate and emerge in the field at any season but most seed germinated with the first substantial summer or early autumn rain. Vegetative growth of both species was stimulated initially by high temperatures and long photoperiods but, subsequently, growth was much greater at low temperatures and short photoperiods. This changing response with age to temperature and photoperiod corresponds to expected changes in field environments as plants age naturally V. rnyuros usually maintained higher rates of growth than V. bromoides. Low temperatures and short photoperiods also were required for flowering, particularly for V. myuros. Flowering was the only measured characteristic for which V. bromoldes had greater environmental tolerance than V. myuros. These characteristics of silvergrass relate to their incidence in direct drilled crops in the higher rainfall zones of southern Australia, compared to their relative absence in conventionally sown crops.

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Histamine content in rennet ripening cheeses during storage at different temperatures and times

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2018-0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Madejska ◽

Mirosław Michalski ◽

Marzena Pawul-Gruba ◽

Jacek Osek

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Histamine Content ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Histamine Concentration ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Suitable Temperature ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

The Mean ◽

And Storage

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, there has been a great interest in biogenic amines such histamine, as they are associated with the quality and safety of some kinds of fermented foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and storage time on the content of histamine in cheeses.Material and MethodsSamples of mould and hard cheeses were examined with RP-HPLC with an organic-aqueous mobile phase containing acidic buffer and chaotropic salt. The samples were stored either at 22 ± 2°C for 42 days (mould and hard cheeses) or at 4 ± 2°C for 112 days (mould cheeses) and 133 days (hard cheeses).ResultsThe mean total histamine content in cheeses stored at 22°C was higher than the content in those stored at 4°C, with the highest concentrations found in Gorgonzola Piccante cheese (730.47 mg/kg). Histamine concentration in some types of cheeses exceeded the toxic threshold dose, indicating that after long or inadequately cool storage they may not be safe for consumers.ConclusionTo protect cheeses from contamination with histamine-producing bacteria and to safeguard consumers from poisoning, factors conducive to this amine’s formation should be minimised during cheese processing. Suitable temperature and time during storage of cheeses are recommended to avoid the intoxication. Monitoring of this toxin in food is necessary to ensure safety of consumers.

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Dynamic Changes in Starch Metabolism and Endogenous Hormones during Stolon Formation in Tulipa edulis

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.141.3.211 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (3) ◽

pp. 211-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Miao ◽

Qiaosheng Guo ◽

Zaibiao Zhu ◽

Xiaohua Yang ◽

Changlin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Starch Content ◽

Initial Period ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽

Starch Synthase ◽

Endogenous Hormones ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Middle Period

The stolon is the main asexual reproductive organ of the medicinal plant Tulipa edulis and has special morphology. In the greenhouse experiment presented herein, the dynamic changes in carbohydrates and related enzymes, proteins, and endogenous hormones of stolons during T. edulis stolon formation were investigated. The results showed that the content of total soluble sugar, sucrose, reducing sugar, fructose, and starch were all significantly enhanced in the middle period when stolon emerged and maintained at relatively high levels until the later period of stolon formation, while protein content decreased during stolon formation. The activities of amylase (AMY), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SS) peaked in the initial period and were negatively correlated with soluble sugars. However, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activity increased as stolon formation progressed, and the changes in soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activities presented a single peak, reaching their maximums in the middle period. AGPase, SSS, and GBSS activities were all positively related to starch content. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verified the changes in SS and SSS activities via the expression levels of the SS, SSSI, and SSSII genes. The gibberellin (GA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) content attained their maximum in the initial period of stolon formation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) remained at high levels during the initial and middle period and decreased significantly during the later period of stolon formation, inversely to the ratio of ABA:IAA. Analysis of the physiological changes in T. edulis stolon indicated that the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch via various enzymes, a high level of IAA and a low ABA to IAA ratio mainly contributed to stolon development of T. edulis. This paper explored carbohydrate levels and endogenous hormones profiles during stolon formation, which provided the theory basis for further regulating stolon growth of T. edulis.

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Effect of an IAA overproducer mutant of the fungus hebeloma Cylindrosporum romagnesi on the early stages of ectomycorrhizal infection and carbohydrate content in seedlings of Pinus pinaster (ait.) SOL.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1995.034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 255-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Rudawska ◽

Gilles Gay

Keyword(s):

Pinus Pinaster ◽

Starch Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Wild Strain ◽

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽

Wild Type ◽

Hebeloma Cylindrosporum ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants

Ectomycorrhizal and control seedlings of Pinus pinaster were cultured on a synthetic Melin-Norkrans medium in Petri dishes. Seedlings were inoculated with a mycelial slurry of an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) overproducer Hebeloma cylindrosporum mutant 331. The wild strain H. cylindrosporum hl was used as a reference. Medium was supplemented or not with glucose. The mycelial slurry appeared to be very effective for mycorrhizal inoculation even on the medium without glucose. In such culture conditions ectomycorrhizal ability of the IAA overproducer mutant 331 was significantly higher than of the comparable wild type. The highest content of soluble sugars was found in stems and roots of plants mycorrhizal with the mutant followed by mycorrhizal plants with the wild type and then by the uninoculated control. Sucrose practically disappeared from roots of mycorrhizal plants. Starch content in roots of mycorrhizal plants with the IAA overproducer mutant was lower as compared with other treatments. Fungal auxin in mycorrhizal symbiosis seems to be responsible for maintaining the source-sink relationship. This is revealed by higher sugar level in the host's photosynthetic tissue (source) and the rise of soluble sugar content in roots (sink) due to enhanced translocation of sugars to the roots and auxin stimulated conversion of carbohydrates (sucrose, starch) of the host.

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