Variation in Boron Availability Alters Root Architecture Attributes at the Onset of Storage Root Formation in Three Sweetpotato Cultivars

The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root architectural adaptation to variation in boron (B) availability at the onset of storage root formation among three sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars (Beauregard = BX; Murasaki = MU; Okinawa = OK). Three B levels were used: 0B (B was omitted in the nutrient solution, substrate B = 0.1 mg·kg−1), 1XB (sufficient B; 0.5 mg·kg−1), and 2XB (high B; 1 mg·kg−1). The check cultivar BX showed evidence of storage root formation at 15 days in 0B and 1XB, whereas cultivars MU and OK failed to show evidence of root swelling. The 1XB and 2XB levels were associated with 736% and 2269% increase in leaf tissue B in BX, respectively, relative to plants grown in 0B. Similar magnitudes of increase were observed in MU and OK cultivars. There were no differences in adventitious root (AR) count within cultivars but OK showed 25% fewer AR numbers relative to BX across all B levels. 0B was associated with 20% and 48% reduction in main root length in BX and OK, respectively, relative to plants grown in 1XB and 2XB. 2XB was associated with a 10% increase in main root length in MU relative to plants grown in 0B and 1XB. 0B was associated with reduced lateral root length in all cultivars but the magnitude of responses varied with cultivars. These data corroborate findings in model systems and well-studied crop species that B deficiency is associated with reduced root growth. These data can be used to further understand the role of cultivar-specific responses to variation in B availability in sweetpotato.

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Variation in Phosphorus Availability, Root Architecture Attributes, and Onset of Storage Root Formation among Sweetpotato Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15358-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (12) ◽

pp. 1903-1911

Author(s):

Arthur Villordon ◽

Jeffrey C. Gregorie ◽

Don LaBonte

Keyword(s):

Lateral Root ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Root Formation ◽

Primary Root ◽

Root Traits ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Specific Information ◽

Storage Root ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Species Specific

The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root architectural responses to variations in inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability at the onset of storage root formation among six sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars. Three Pi levels were used: 0 (low Pi); 0.17 (medium Pi); and 0.34 (high Pi) g/pot triple super phosphate (0N–46P–0K). The check cultivar ‘Bayou Belle’ (BB) consistently showed evidence of storage root formation at 15 days in adventitious roots (ARs) grown across three Pi levels and two planting dates (PDs). Storage root formation was also detected in ‘Orleans’ (OR) and ‘Beauregard’ (BX), but it was less consistent relative to BB. In general, BB had the lowest adventitious root (AR) number relative to the other cultivars, but the magnitudes of difference varied with Pi availability and PD. With the first PD, BX had a 45% higher AR number compared with BB in low Pi conditions; however, there were no differences in the second PD. Within cultivars, BX and Okinawa grown in low Pi showed combined 17% and 24% reductions in primary root length (PRL) relative to roots grown in high Pi. BB had a higher lateral root number (LRN) and lateral root density (LRD) across Pi levels, corroborating prior data regarding the association of these root architectural attributes with the onset of storage root formation. The experimental data support the hypothesis regarding the existence of genetic variation for Pi efficiency in sweetpotato and that some well-documented Pi-efficient root traits like high LRN and LRD are indirectly selected for in-breeding programs that focus on early storage root formation and stable yields across environments.

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Physiological and Anatomical Characterization of a Late-storage Root-forming Mutant of Sweetpotato

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.127.2.178 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 178-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Makoto Nakatani ◽

Masaru Tanaka ◽

Masaru Yoshinaga

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Root Formation ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Zeatin Riboside ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Maximum Root

A late-storage root-forming mutant (`KM95-A68') of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir.] was characterized to clarify the genetic and physiological mechanisms of storage root formation. This mutant originated from a somaclonal mutation of `Kokei No. 14'. Storage roots of `KM95-A68' are rare and, when formed, develop 2 or 3 weeks later than those of `Kokei No. 14' from which it originated. Morphological characteristics of the canopy and leaf photosynthetic rates of `KM95-A68' were similar to those of `Kokei No. 14'. No apparent differences were observed in the anatomy of root cross sections of `KM95-A68' and `Kokei No. 14'. An apparent increase in the root zeatin riboside (ZR) levels were observed in `Kokei No. 14' at storage root formation. Root ZR levels differed between `Kokei No. 14' and `KM95-A68'. The onset of increase in root ZR levels was delayed by 2 or 3 weeks in `KM95-A68' in comparison to `Kokei No. 14'. Maximum root ZR levels in `Kokei No. 14' were 2.2 times higher in comparison to `KM95-A68'. This appeared to be a factor in delayed storage root formation of `KM95-A68'. Results of reciprocal grafts of `KM95-A68' and `Kokei No. 14' indicated that the late storage root-forming characteristic of `KM95-A68' is a characteristic that arises from the root itself.

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Effect of cutting position and vine pruning level on yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

Journal of Aridland Agriculture ◽

10.25081/jaa.2019.v5.5255 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Ncube Netsai ◽

Mutetwa Moses, Mtaita Tuarira

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Root Length ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Root Weight ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Significant Difference

There is significant variation in yield of storage roots and vines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) among farmers due to use of different cutting positions and pruning of vines at different levels. This study was carried out to establish the cutting position and the vine pruning level that give the best yield of both the storage roots and vines. The study was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included cutting position at three levels (apical cutting, middle cutting and basal cutting) and pruning at three levels, 0%, 25% and 50% respectively. Pruning was done. 50 days after planting. And storage root harvesting was done 100 days after planting. The two measurements were summed up to give the total vine weight. Storage root length, diameter and weight were measured at 100 DAP. Storage root length indicated significant difference (P<0.05) only among cutting positions with highest mean length (16.20 cm) obtained from apical cutting and the lowest (11.98 cm) from basal cutting. Storage root diameter, storage root weight and vine weight indicated significant interaction (P<0.05) of cutting position and vine pruning level. Highest mean root diameter and root weight were obtained from middle cutting and 25% vine pruning level, with the lowest being obtained from basal cutting and 50% vine pruning level. Highest vine weight was recorded from middle cutting and 50% vine pruning level, with the lowest being recorded from basal cutting and 0% vine pruning level. Both middle and apical stem cuttings can be recommended for higher storage root and vine yield. Vine pruning at 25% can be adopted for higher storage root yield while pruning at 50% can be suggested for higher vine yield.

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Transcriptional profiling of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) roots indicates down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and up-regulation of starch biosynthesis at an early stage of storage root formation

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-14-460 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 460 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Nurit Firon ◽

Don LaBonte ◽

Arthur Villordon ◽

Yanir Kfir ◽

Julio Solis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Root Formation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Transcriptional Profiling ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Starch Biosynthesis ◽

Storage Root ◽

Down Regulation

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Recent Progress in Molecular Studies on Storage Root Formation in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)

Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly JARQ ◽

10.6090/jarq.50.293 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Masaru TANAKA

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Root Formation ◽

Storage Root ◽

Molecular Studies

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Early-season Soil Moisture Deficit Reduces Sweetpotato Storage Root Initiation and Development

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.12.1457 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 1457-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bandara Gajanayake ◽

K. Raja Reddy ◽

Mark W. Shankle ◽

Ramon A. Arancibia

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Root Formation ◽

Developmental Process ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Functional Relationships ◽

Wide Range

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] storage root formation is a complex developmental process. Little quantitative information is available on storage root initiation in response to a wide range of soil moisture levels. This study aimed to quantify the effects of different levels of soil moisture on sweetpotato storage root initiation and to develop functional relationships for crop modeling. Five levels of soil moisture, 0.256, 0.216, 0.164, 0.107, and 0.058 m3·m−3 soil, were maintained using sensor-based soil moisture monitoring and semiautomated programmed irrigation. Two commercial sweetpotato cultivars, Beauregard and Evangeline, were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions and treatments were imposed from transplanting to 50 days. Identification of storage roots was based on anatomical, using cross-sections of adventitious roots, and visual features harvested at 5-day intervals from 14 to 50 days after transplanting (DAT). Recorded time-series storage root numbers exhibited sigmoidal responses at all soil moisture levels in both cultivars. Time to 50% storage root initiation and maximum storage root numbers were estimated from those curves. Rate of storage root development was determined as a reciprocal of time to 50% storage root formation data. Time to 50% storage root initiation declined quadratically from 0.05 to 0.15 m3·m−3 soil moisture and increased slightly at the higher soil moisture levels in both the cultivars. Cultivars differed in time to 50% storage root initiation and the storage root developmental rate. Soil moisture optima for storage root initiation were 0.168 and 0.199 m3·m−3 soil, equivalent to 63% and 75% field capacity for cultivars Beauregard and Evangeline, respectively. The data and the inferences derived from the functional algorithms developed in this study could be used to advise growers to schedule irrigation more precisely, make planting decisions based on available soil moisture, and to develop sweetpotato crop models for field applications.

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RNA-Seq and iTRAQ reveal multiple pathways involved in storage root formation and development in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1731-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tingting Dong ◽

Mingku Zhu ◽

Jiawen Yu ◽

Rongpeng Han ◽

Cheng Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Root Formation ◽

Storage Root ◽

Rna Seq

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Variation in Root Architecture Attributes at the Onset of Storage Root Formation among Resistant and Susceptible Sweetpotato Cultivars Infected with Meloidogyne incognita

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci10746-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1924-1929

Author(s):

Arthur Villordon ◽

Christopher Clark

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Root Formation ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Root System Architecture ◽

Nematode Infection ◽

Storage Root ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Inoculum Level ◽

Area And Volume

In sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), the successful emergence and development of lateral roots (LRs), the main determinant of root system architecture (RSA), determines the competency of adventitious roots (ARs) to undergo storage root formation. The present study investigated the effect of three levels of root-knot nematode (RKN) inoculum of race 3 of Meloidogyne incognita on LR length, number, area, and volume in ‘Beauregard’, ‘Evangeline’, and ‘Bayou Belle’, sweetpotato cultivars which are highly susceptible, moderately resistant, and highly resistant, respectively, to M. incognita. The three RKN levels were control (untreated), medium (500 eggs/pot), and high (5000 eggs/pot). In general, the number of galls after 20 days for each cultivar was consistent across RKN levels and two planting dates (PDs). ‘Beauregard’ inoculated with medium and high RKN levels showed 2.9 and 18.9 galls on each AR, respectively. ‘Evangeline’ had 0.5 and 3.4 galls at medium and high RKN levels, respectively. By contrast, ‘Bayou Belle’ showed only 0.9 galls at the high inoculum level. There was a significant PD × cultivar effect and cultivar × RKN level effect for all root attributes. LR attributes varied within and among resistant and susceptible cultivars with a general trend for increase in all root growth attributes in response to RKN infection in the first (PD1) and second PD (PD2). ‘Evangeline’ showed relatively consistent within-cultivar increase across PD1 (medium and high RKN levels) and PD2 (medium RKN level only). LR length, number, area, and volume within ‘Evangeline’ plants subjected to high RKN increased 122%, 126%, 154%, and 136%, respectively, relative to the untreated control plants in PD1. ‘Evangeline’ (PD1 and PD2) and ‘Bayou Belle’ (PD1 only) showed significant increase in all root attributes relative to the susceptible ‘Beauregard’ at medium or high RKN levels. In PD1, LR length, number, area, and volume in ‘Evangeline’ plants subjected to high RKN increased 165%, 167%, 176%, and 190%, respectively, relative to ‘Beauregard’ plants at the same RKN level. These findings are consistent with some data in other systems wherein nematode infection is associated with cultivar-specific root compensatory growth and demonstrate how genotype and environment interact to modify root development responses. These data can be used to further understand the role of cultivar-specific responses to nematode infection and can lead to the consideration of root traits in selection strategies.

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