scholarly journals Growth of Container-grown Trees Transplanted from the Field or Grow-bags

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Tilt ◽  
Charles Gilliam ◽  
John Olive ◽  
Emmett Carden
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Field Production

Crape myrtle (Lagerstroe-mia L. × `Natchez'), live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.), and Chinese pistachio (Pistacia chinensis Bunge) were planted into a sandy loam soil directly in the field or in grow-bags. Root and top growth were measured in March and July of the second year. Some of the trees were transplanted to 20-gal (76-liter) containers in March or July and grown for 3 months. Chinese pistachio developed a poor root system in field soil and was not ready for harvest in March or July. There was no difference in height, caliper, or top fresh weight for crape myrtle. Caliper and top fresh weight were similar for live oak trees. However, live oaks grown by traditional field production methods were taller than trees produced in grow-bags. With March transplanting, both crape myrtle and live oak trees from traditional field plantings were taller than trees transplanted from grow-bags 3 months after transplanting into containers. Tree top weight, caliper, and root ratings were similar for March-transplanted crape myrtle. Live oak trees transplanted from grow-bags had similar caliper and top weight but a higher root rating. July-transplanted crape myrtle trees had similar values for all variables 3 months later. All live oaks died when transplanted from traditional field plantings to containers in July. All live oaks grown in grow-bags survived transplanting.

scholarly journals TRANSPLANTING TO LARGE CONTAINERS TWO TREE SPECIES PRODUCED IN GROW BAGS AND BY TRADITIONAL FIELD PRODUCTION METHODS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 485b-485
Author(s):  
Ken Tilt ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
John W. Olive
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Field Production

Lagerstroemia × `Natchez' and Quercus virginiana were planted into a sandy loam soil in grow bags and by traditional field planting methods. After 2 years in the field, 1 sample from each of 6 replications was dug from the field in March. Root and top growth were measured. Half the remaining plants were dug and transplanted into 76 liter containers for 3 months. Growth indices were measured at this time. The remaining trees in the field were dug in July and handled similarly. Data from live oak trees showed increased height in trees produced by traditional field planting methods. No differences between planting methods were found in any other growth indices for the two species. Both crapemyrtle and live oak trees transplanted from traditional field plantings in March had greater height than trees transplanted from grow bags. However, no differences were detected for top weight, caliper or root ratings. July transplanted crapemyrtles showed no differences in any of the growth indices. Live oaks transplanted in July from traditional field plantings to containers all died with no additional growth. Grow bag transplanted oaks survived and continued to grow.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Soil Application as it Relates to the Timing of Utility Right-of-Way Pruning

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Haugen ◽  
Kevin Tucker ◽  
Alex Smalling ◽  
Emily Bick ◽  
Steve Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
The Ideal

The plant growth regulator paclobutrazol’s effect on live oak trees (Quercus virginiana) was evaluated to determine optimum timing of application and pruning time in Louisiana. Variables considered included length of branch regrowth, branch distance to conductor, pruning time and biomass chipping time. Data were evaluated to determine the ideal application timing of paclobutrazol relative to time of pruning. Live oak trees treated with paclobutrazol had significantly reduced branch regrowth, pruning time and chipping time, as compared to control trees regardless of application timing. Paclobutrazol application on live oak trees was idealized within 90 days pre- to 90 days post-prune. Economically, significant gains were found by utilizing this tool ranging from 180 days pre- to 180 days post-prune, allowing for application timing flexibility to reduce the growth of trees near power lines. Paclobutrazol treated live oak trees demonstrated significantly less re-growth response.

scholarly journals Water Stress and Osmotic Adjustment during Post-digging Acclimatization of Quercus virginiana Produced in Fabric Containers

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson ◽  
E.F. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Abstract Quercus virginiana Mill. (live oak) trees produced in in-ground 61 cm (24 in) diameter fabric containers were overhead misted and given root ball irrigation after harvesting during early summer. Duration and frequency of overhead misting was reduced to zero over a 3 week period. Water potentials (ΨT) were measured diurnally and osmotic potentials measured from leaves at midday. Intermittent overhead misting was as effective as continuous overhead misting in maintenance of ΨT above −1.0 MPa. Water potentials of −1.5 to −2.0 MPa were measured when the period between overhead misting was expanded from 30 min to 45 min. Osmotic adjustment occurred only in trees receiving overhead misting. Trees receiving only root ball irrigation developed ΨT below −2.5 MPa within 5 days after harvesting. After 3 weeks, ΨT and osmotic potentials were the same for all treatments. In a second experiment, trees were root pruned inside the fabric container 11 weeks before harvest. All root pruned trees survived acclimatization, but only 50% of unpruned trees survived. Water relations were similar to trees in Experiment 1. Surviving trees, both pruned and unpruned, had a significantly higher percentage of fine root weight (roots < 2 mm diameter) than trees that did not survive.

scholarly journals Water Relations of Field-grown Quercus virginiana Mill. from Preharvest through Containerization and 1 Year into a Landscape

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Landscape Water

Large (≈5 m high) Quercus virginiana Mill. (live oak) trees produced in 0.64-m-diameter in-ground fabric containers were root pruned or not root pruned inside containers before harvest. Harvested trees were grown in two sizes of polyethylene containers for 10 months, then transplanted into a landscape. Water potential (ψT) of small branches (<4 mm in diameter) was measured diurnally during containerization and for 1 year in the landscape. Root pruning had no influence on postharvest survival. Neither root pruning nor container size affected tree water status during containerization or in the landscape. All surviving trees recovered from transplant shock following harvest after 16 weeks in a container, independent of treatment. In the landscape, 35 weeks of daily irrigation were required before dusk ψT declined to within 0.1 MPa of predawn values, a result indicating alleviation of transplant shock. Trunk growth rate during containerization was highest in larger containers. However, in the landscape, root pruning and small containers were associated with higher trunk growth rate. Tree water status during containerization and in the landscape is discussed.

scholarly journals Human-mediated disturbance in multitrophic interactions results in outbreak levels of North America's most venomous caterpillar

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 20190470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen R. Hood ◽  
Mattheau Comerford ◽  
Amanda K. Weaver ◽  
Patricia M. Morton ◽  
Scott P. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multitrophic Interactions ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees

Anthropogenic environmental change is predicted to disrupt multitrophic interactions, which may have drastic consequences for population-level processes. Here, we investigate how a large-scale human-mediated disturbance affects the abundance of North America's most venomous caterpillar species, Megalopyge opercularis . Specifically, we used a natural experiment where netting was deployed to cover the entire canopies of a subset of mature southern live oak trees ( Quercus virginiana ) to exclude urban pest birds (grackles and pigeons), throughout an 8.1 km 2 area encompassing a medical centre in Houston, Texas. We used this experimental exclusion to test the following hypothesis: release from avian predators increases caterpillar abundance to outbreak levels, which increases the risk to human health. Results from a multi-year survey show that caterpillar abundance increased, on average, more than 7300% on netted versus non-netted trees. Thus, increases in caterpillar abundance due to anthropogenic enemy release increase human exposure to this venomous pest, and should be considered a health threat in the area. This study emphasizes the unforeseen consequences of ecological disturbance for species interactions and highlights the importance of considering ecology in urban planning.

scholarly journals Effect of Tree Size, Root Pruning, and Production Method on Establishment of Quercus virginiana

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Edward Gilman ◽  
Chris Harchick ◽  
Maria Paz
Keyword(s):  
Potential Field ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Field Nursery ◽  
Establishment Rate

Significant differences may exist in establishment rate between trees planted from containers and those from field nursery. Containergrown plants have root balls with deflected roots which could impact establishment. Slicing root balls at planting could improve postplanting performance of container-grown trees. Sixty live oak 170 L containers were planted into landscape field soil. Root balls from 30 of these containers were sliced prior to planting. Thirty field-grown trees of slightly larger size, and 30 smaller trees from 57 L containers, were also planted. During dry periods in the first 432 days after planting (DAP), 57 L container trees had the least negative xylem potential. Field-grown trees had the most negative xylem potential when irrigation was withheld 12 DAP. Slicing root balls had little impact on xylem water potential in drought. Defoliation was greater for 170 L container trees than for 57 L containers. Trunk diameter increase of 57 L containers and field-grown trees was greater than for 170 L containers. Field-grown trees grew less in height. Root system radius was similar for 170 L containers and field-grown trees, and greater than 57 L containers. Small trees appear to establish quicker than larger trees.

PERSISTENCE OF FENSULFOTHION IN SOIL AND UPTAKE BY RUTABAGAS AND CARROTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. CHISHOLM
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Field Plots

Fensulfothion (Dasanit®, 0,0-diethyl 0-[p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate) degraded rapidly in a sandy loam soil to a moderately persistent metabolite fensulfothion sulfone (0,0-diethyl 0-[p-(methylsuffonyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate). Traces of fensulfothion sulfone were found in rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) grown on fensulfothion-treated field plots, but were confined, for the most part, to the peel. The sulfone was detected in carrots at 0.10 ppm on a fresh weight basis. Fensulfothion sulfone persisted in frozen carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.) during a storage period of 4 yr. A simplified gas–liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of fensulfothion and some of its metabolic products is described.

Tree selection by the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: size, holes, and cover

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Eumeces Laticeps ◽  
Limit Detection

AbstractBroad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps) are semiarboreallizards that are strongly associated with live oak trees (Quercus virginiana). Examination of the frequencies with which lizards occupied the largest of four nearest-neighbor trees and those having holes revealed a strong preference for large trees having holes. The presence of holes large enough for entry was a more important factor than tree size per se, as indicated by consistent occupation of smaller trees having holes when the largest of the four nearest neighbors lacked holes, although a significant preference for large size was demonstrated by the significantly greater than chance occupation of the largest of four nearest neighbor trees among those having holes. Large adults occupied significantly larger trees than did smaller adults, suggesting that larger individuals aggressively exclude smaller ones from preferred trees. Pairs consisting of an adult female and the male guarding her preferred trees surrounded by dense bushes, presumably because bushes limit detection and attack by predators and possibly because they harbor prey. Broad-headed skinks thus prefer large live oaks having holes and a fringe of dense cover.

Brush Response to Spacing and Individual-Plant Herbicide Treatments

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Quercus Marilandica ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Soil-applied herbicides were evaluated for control of blackjack oak (Quercus marilandicaMuenchh.), huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), winged elm (Ulmus alataMichx.), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.) in Texas. Various spacing of spot treatments of pelleted tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} on huisache and live oak and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) on Macartney rose up to a 2.7-m square grid did not change herbicide effectiveness. Pelleted tebuthiuron at 2.2 kg/ha reduced the canopy of live oak and killed a significant percentage of plants; however, differences among herbicide formulations and distance of placement in a grid were small. On unburned plots, 2.2 kg/ha of tebuthiuron applied as pellets at 2.7-m centers and as a broadcast wettable-powder treatment killed fewer yaupon than pellets applied in most broadcast treatments. In individual-plant treatments, bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and picloram solutions at 2 g/plant killed 45% of the yaupon 1.5 to 2 m tall on a fine sandy loam, whereas 0.5 g/plant of either herbicide killed 70% or more of the yaupon plants 1 m tall on a loamy fine sand. Both bromacil and picloram at 1 g/plant killed all blackjack oak and winged elm sprouts 1 to 2 m tall. On a clay soil, 1 g of bromacil/plant killed 79% of the live oak and 88% of the winged elm plants, whereas picloram killed only 38 and 45%, respectively. Neither bromacil nor picloram was effective as soil treatments for killing honey mesquite.

scholarly journals (168) Long-term Growth of Live Oak from Seed or Cutting

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000E-1001
Author(s):  
Yin-Tung Wang ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Polypropylene Fabric ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Live oak trees raised from acorns are highly non-uniform and many produce numerous undesirable rhizomic shoots. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare the growth rates between (Quercus virginiana Mill.) trees from seed and cutting in four production systems and 2) determine if trees from cuttings produce rhizomic shoots. Rhizomic shoot cuttings 25–30 cm long were taken from a single tree about 50 years old in late Aug. 1990, rooted, and planted in 2.6-L pots after 2 months. During the same week, acorns were collected from the same tree and germinated. All trees were planted into 13-L pots in July 1991 and then to a field in July 1992. Trees from both sources were planted either directly in the ground, in 36.6- or 45.7-cm-diameter polypropylene fabric bags buried in the ground, or in 13-L pots on the ground. Trunk circumference 10 cm above the soil line was roughly measured yearly between 1992 and 1999. Initially, trees from cuttings grew slightly slower than seedlings, having a smaller trunk circumference, diameter, and cross-sectional area. These differences diminished and all trees had similar circumferences after 1996. In 1992, trees in 36.6-cm bags and pots had more growth than trees in the ground. In 1993, trees in pots had better growth than those in the ground. After 1993, all trees had similar circumferences until the end of this study, probably due to roots extending beyond the bags and pots into the surrounding soil. About one-third of the seedling trees produced rhizomic shoots, whereas none of the trees from cuttings did. The rhizomic shoots of trees in pots were contained within the pot and none from the ground. Another significance of this research is that the cloned trees from cuttings were extremely uniform in growth habit and form.

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