scholarly journals Green-up of Seeded Bermudagrass Cultivars as Influenced by Spring Scalping

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Rimi ◽  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Bernd Leinauer ◽  
Umberto Ziliotto
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The University

Winter dormancy is the main impediment to a wide acceptance of warm-season turfgrasses in the Mediterranean countries of Europe due to a loss of color during the winter months. Scalping during late winter or early spring has been recommended anecdotally to enhance spring green-up of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon); however, information is lacking on the effectiveness of this practice. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of spring scalping on spring green-up of eight bermudagrass cultivars (Barbados, Contessa, La Paloma, Mohawk, NuMex Sahara, Princess-77, SR 9554, and Yukon) grown in a transition zone environment. The trial was carried out in Spring of 2009 and 2010 on plots established in July 2005 at the experimental farm of the University of Padova (northeastern Italy). Half of the plots for each cultivar were subjected to spring scalping, which was applied in both years on 13 Mar. with a rotary mower set at a height of 28 mm. Soil temperatures were recorded hourly during the research period at a depth of 2.5 cm. The percentage of green cover was estimated weekly from 0 to 98 days after spring scalping (DASS). Soil temperatures in scalped plots were greater than in unscalped plots. Among the cultivars tested, ‘Yukon’ showed earliest spring green-up, with no difference between the scalping treatments, reaching 80% green cover by the end of April. For all other cultivars, scalped plots reached 80% green cover 10 to 18 days earlier than unscalped plots. Results showed that scalping enhanced spring green-up, primarily for cultivars that recover slowly from winter dormancy.

scholarly journals Preliminary Findings on the Correlation between Water-soluble Carbohydrate Content in Stolons and First Year Green-up of Seeded Bermudagrass Cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Matteo Serena ◽  
Bernd Leinauer ◽  
Umberto Ziliotto
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The University ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Warm-season grasses are not widely accepted in Mediterranean countries because they lose color during the winter months. A study was conducted at the University of Padova (Padova, Italy) to determine whether fall and spring water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in stolons of seeded bermudagrass cultivars (Cynodon dactylon) influenced spring green-up in the first year of establishment. Nine bermudagrass cultivars (La Paloma, Mohawk, NuMex Sahara, Princess 77, Riviera, SR 9554, Barbados, Contessa, and Yukon) were seeded in July 2005, and dry weight and WSC content in stolons were measured in Fall 2005 and again in Spring 2006. The percentage of green cover and days needed to achieve 80% green cover (D80) were regressed against November and March values of stolon dry weight and WSC content to determine if they were good predictors of D80. ‘Yukon’ showed earliest spring green-up by end of April, and ‘Princess 77’ and ‘Riviera’ were slowest, needing 43 to 46 days more than ‘Yukon’ to reach D80. There was a significant inverse relationship between November (r2 = 0.57) and March (r2 = 0.77) WSC content in stolons and D80 for all nine bermudagrass cultivars. These results suggest that bermudagrass cultivars with high WSC in stolons recover more rapidly from dormancy during establishment than those with low WSC content.

scholarly journals 76 Evaluating Nitrogen Management Strategies to Improve Southern Bermudagrass Grazing Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Justin C Burt ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Lisa Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The South ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
The University

Abstract Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of the most common perennial warm-season forage crops grown in the South. While prominent in the region bermudagrass management requires large amounts of fertility and forage quality is moderate at best. Incorporating a legume into bermudagrass pastures could serve as an alternative to the necessary applications of synthetic N, while also improving the nutritive value of the forage base. A two-year grazing evaluation was conducted from May-Sept. 2018 (Y1) and May-Aug. 2019 (Y2) at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus in Tifton, Georgia, to compare concurring production of alfalfa/bermudagrass mixed pastures (BGA) with bermudagrass monoculture pastures with (BGN) or without (BGZ) the application of synthetic nitrogen. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three treatments and two replications. All paddocks were evaluated pre and post grazing event for herbage availability, botanical composition, forage species competitiveness, and nutritive value. Paddocks (0.8-ha) were rotationally grazed using put and take management with stocker steers (Y1 BW=195.9±22.9 kg; Y2 BW=228.5±30.0 kg), two testers per treatment. Steers were weighed at initiation, conclusion, and on a 28–30 day interval for calculation of ADG and gain/ha. Statistical analysis was conducted using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Despite significant drought in Y2, year did not affect total gain/ha, however treatment did (P = 0.04), such that BGA was highest (383.6±35.1 kg/ha), and BGN and BGZ were not different (261.2±35.1 kg/ha and 239.0±35.1 kg/ha, respectively). This is likely due to the lower stocking density and inclusion of high-quality volunteer annual grasses in BGZ treatments which allowed for selective grazing. These data suggest that rotationally grazing alfalfa/bermudagrass mixtures can result in a higher gain/ha, than bermudagrass pastures that are supplemented with or without synthetic N in the South.

CHANGES IN THE COLD HARDINESS OF ALFALFA DURING FIVE CONSECUTIVE WINTERS AT BEAVERLODGE, ALBERTA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
G. E. McLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Water Saturated

Plants of Medicago falcata ’Anik’ were samples to assess their relative cold hardiness during the fall, winter and spring periods from 1974–75 to 1978–79. Precipitation and soil temperature patterns and cold hardiness profiles varied considerably from year to year. Environmental conditions in the fall appeared to exert the greatest influence on the cold hardiness profile and the maximum cold hardiness level in mid-winter. In general, plants started to harden in mid-September, but during one fall hardening period there was a delay associated with the early development of crown buds and the accompanying flush of growth during August and September. During two fall hardening periods, water-saturated soil conditions were associated with a dehardening phase in October. Conditions favoring delayed fall hardening and complete dehardening in the late fall were also associated with a lower level of hardiness in mid-winter. The maximum hardiness level, and the month during which it occurred, fluctuated considerably each year. Plants began dehardening as soil temperatures increased in late winter and early spring during 3 of the 5 yr. In the remaining 2 yr, plants began to deharden prior to an increase in soil temperature.

scholarly journals 77 Evaluating Nitrogen Management Strategies to Improve Southern Bermudagrass Grazing Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Justin C Burt ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Lisa Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The South ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
The University

Abstract Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of the most common perennial warm-season forage crops grown in the South. While prominent in the region bermudagrass management requires large amounts of fertility and forage quality is moderate at best. Incorporating a legume into bermudagrass pastures could serve as an alternative to the necessary applications of synthetic N, while also improving the nutritive value of the forage base. A two-year grazing evaluation was conducted from May-Sept. 2018 (Y1) and May-Aug. 2019 (Y2) at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus in Tifton, Georgia, to compare concurring production of alfalfa/bermudagrass mixed pastures (BGA) with bermudagrass monoculture pastures with (BGN) or without (BGZ) the application of synthetic nitrogen. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three treatments and two replications. All paddocks were evaluated pre and post grazing event for herbage availability, botanical composition, forage species competitiveness, and nutritive value. Paddocks (0.8-ha) were rotationally grazed using put and take management with stocker steers (Y1 BW=195.9±22.9 kg; Y2 BW=228.5±30.0 kg), two testers per treatment. Steers were weighed at initiation, conclusion, and on a 28–30 day interval for calculation of ADG and gain/ha. Statistical analysis was conducted using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Despite significant drought in Y2, year did not affect total gain/ha; however, treatment did (P = 0.04), such that BGA was highest (383.6±35.1 kg/ha), and BGN and BGZ were not different (261.2±35.1 kg/ha and 239.0±35.1 kg/ha, respectively). This is likely due to the lower stocking density and inclusion of high-quality volunteer annual grasses in BGZ treatments which allowed for selective grazing. These data suggest that rotationally grazing alfalfa/bermudagrass mixtures can result in a higher gain/ha, than bermudagrass pastures that are supplemented with or without synthetic N in the South.

scholarly journals Winter-applied Glyphosate Effects on Spring Green-up of Zoysiagrasses and ‘Yukon’ Bermudagrass in a Transition Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Rimi ◽  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Bernd Leinauer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

In transitional environments, turf managers and sod producers of warm-season grasses face the issue of winter annual weeds that can dominate dormant turf stands through the winter until late spring. The use of glyphosate to control weeds in dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) has been well documented, but information is lacking about its effect on spring green-up of other warm-season grasses. A field study was conducted on two commercial sod farms in northern Italy (Expt. 1) to evaluate the effects of glyphosate applied on two different winter dates on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A second study was carried out at the experimental agricultural farm of Padova University (Expt. 2) to assess the effects of a winter application of glyphosate on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass and ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Each experiment was conducted from Jan. to June 2011, and glyphosate was applied at 1.1 kg·ha−1 on 8 and 21 Feb. in Expt. 1 and on 8 Feb. in Expt. 2. Spring recovery was evaluated by periodical visual ratings of green turf cover and by collecting normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs). Weed injury was visually evaluated on all plots 7 weeks after the 8 Feb. glyphosate application. The visual ratings of green cover were strongly and positively correlated with NDVI measurements. Glyphosate applied in February as a single treatment effectively controlled winter weeds in ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Expt. 1) and ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass (Expt. 2) without negatively affecting spring green-up. In contrast, spring green-up of ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Expt. 2) was delayed by the application of glyphosate.

Control of Wild Allium Species with Perfluidone in Warm – Season Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-323
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Excellent Control

Perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} controlled wild Allium species when applied in the fall, winter, or early spring after the plants had emerged in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and zoysia (Zoysia spp.) turf. A single 3.4- or 4.5-kg/ha rate generally resulted in good to excellent control, but repeated treatments for 2 consecutive yr were required to obtain consistent control.

scholarly journals Anthracnose Disease of Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) Caused by Colletotrichum hainanense sp. nov.

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1744-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
Johannes Z. Groenewald ◽  
Xueli Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) is a creeping, stoloniferous, perennial warm-season grass that is adapted to humid tropical and subtropical climates. Recently, outbreaks of anthracnose disease of A. compressus caused by an unidentified Colletotrichum sp. were observed in the Hainan and Guangdong provinces in southern China. In late winter and early spring, the disease incidence reached 100% in some badly infected lawns. Under high-moisture conditions, the crowns and oldest leaf sheaths of the majority of the plants became necrotic, which led to whole lawns turning reddish brown. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating uninfected A. compressus plants with a conidial suspension of the Colletotrichum sp. isolated from diseased Axonopus plants. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined internal transcribed spacer, Sod2, Apn2, and Apn2/Mat1 sequences revealed the pathogen to be a novel species of the Colletotrichum graminicola species complex. Microscopic examination showed that the species was also morphologically distinct from related Colletotrichum species. As a result of the phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenicity analyses, we propose the name Colletotrichum hainanense for this pathogen of A. compressus in southern China.

Effect of Herbicide Treatments on Overseeded Putting Green Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Untreated Check

Putting green turf containing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. ‘Medalist IV’) overseeded on a bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Tifway’] was treated with single and sequential herbicide treatments during the spring and transition period from cool to warm season grass. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 2.2 or 4.4 kg/ha and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] at 3.4 or 6.7 kg/ha reduced the quality of putting green turf immediately after treatment in early spring. Turf injury was greater with oxadiazon than with butralin. Two applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha resulted in a lower quality turf with less ryegrass when compared with the untreated check. Methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 1.1 kg/ha severely injured ryegrass and resulted in a lower turf quality.

STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CROWN BUD ROT OF ALFALFA IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hawn
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

Crown bud rot is widespread in irrigated alfalfa stands in southern Alberta. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium roseum Link sensu Snyder & Hansen, and Ascochyta imperfecta Peck acting alone or in combination produce brown to black lesions on the crown buds of plants in their second and subsequent years of growth. The host plant is most susceptible to the disease in early spring after winter dormancy. Soil temperatures above 16 °C. appear to reduce disease development. Relative occurrence of species isolated from infected buds indicate a succession of fungi. F. roseum is the predominant isolate until the third year of alfalfa growth when its numbers are approximately equalled by R. solani. The latter then decreases in prevalence possibly because of the antibiotic action of saprophytic species of Trichoderma and Penicillium. F. roseum maintains about the same degree of activity throughout the growing season whereas R. solani generally appears most frequently in summer-sampled alfalfa and A. imperfecta in spring samples.

scholarly journals Effects of overseeding times on different warm-season turfgrasses: Visual turf quality and some related characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukru Sezgi Ozkan ◽  
Behcet Kir
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

The sustainability of warm-season turfgrass species in winter dormancy is a major concern in Mediterranean ecology. The concept of overseed a lawn has been still new for many developing countries such as Turkey as part of a regular maintenance. Therefore, a 2-year study was conducted at the experimental fields of Ege University, Izmir/Turkey during 2014-2016 years to compare the effects of four different overseeding times (September 15, September 30, October 15 and October 30) on four warm season turfgrass species (Cynodon dactylon cv. SR9554, Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis cv. Tifway-419, Paspalum vaginatum cv. Sea Spray and Zoysia japonica cv. Zenith) by measuring visual turf quality (1-9 score) and some related characteristics as texture (mm), cover (1-9 score), weed infestation (1-9 score) and colour (1-9 score). ‘50% cv. Troya+50% cv. Esquire’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) mixture was used for overseeding in trial. According to results, visual turf quality performance of 6.0 scores and above were obtained from all treatments. We concluded that October 15 should be most suitable time for overseeding applications. Additionally, L. perenne L. can be practiced successfully in Mediterranean region in order to eliminate the concerns of warm-season turfgrasses in the winter dormancy period observed in cold temperatures. Highlights - No gaps were formed in plots and high coverage degrees were maintained during overseeding periods in all treatments. - Homogeneous spring transition was occurred from Lolium perenne L. to warm-season turfgrass species in all overseeding times. - Visual turf quality performance of 6.0 scores and above which is acceptable level were obtained from all overseeding times. - Better results were obtained from overseeding applications on Paspalum vaginatum and Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis. - The different results among the warm-season turfgrass species can provide effective information for future research studies.

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