scholarly journals Postharvest Performance of Selected Colombian Cut Flowers after Three Transport Systems to the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria T. Leonard ◽  
Amy M. Alexander ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Rapid Transport

This study examined three transport systems used to transport fresh, non-stored cut flowers from Bogotá, Colombia, to the United States on a monthly basis for 1 year. Five cultivars of cut rose (Rosa hybrida), alstroemeria (Alstroemeria peruviana), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), and gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) were commercially transported using a 7-day conventional distribution system with temperature controls and two rapid transport systems (3-day or 24-hour) with little or no temperature controls, respectively. Temperatures during the 24-hour transport system increased steadily and temperatures were at or above 10 °C for ≈18 h, with half of that time above 15 °C for all shipments. The 3- and 7-day systems had temperature fluctuations ranging from 3 to 24 °C and 3 to 19 °C, respectively. Flowers transported using the rapid transport systems had a significantly longer vase life compared with the 7-day transport in 83% of the shipments of alstroemeria and roses, in 58% of the shipments of carnations, and in 50% of the shipments of gerberas. Vase life increased 5.6% to 17.1% (0.7 to 2.1 days) for roses, 3.2% to 16.7% (0.5 to 2.7 days) for alstroemerias, 12.8% to 34.6% (1.1 to 6.2 days) for gerberas, and 4.6% to 8.8% (1.1 to 2.3 days) for carnations when using the rapid transport systems compared with the 7-day transport system. Some cultivars were more tolerant of the longer transport. The results show that when using fresh, non-stored flowers, the rapid transport systems had equal or longer vase life than the 7-day transport system in the majority of shipments for each flower species. Results also demonstrate that better temperature management during transport is a critical issue in the floral industry that needs to be improved upon.

scholarly journals North American Specialty Cut Flower Production and Postharvest Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian E. Loyola ◽  
John M. Dole ◽  
Rebecca Dunning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Flower Production

In the United States and Canada, there has been an increase in the demand for local specialty cut flowers and a corresponding increase in production. To assess the needs of the industry, we electronically surveyed 1098 cut flower producers and handlers in the United States and Canada regarding their current cut flower production and postharvest problems, and customer issues. We received a total of 210 responses, resulting in a 19% response rate. The results showed that the main production problem was insect management; crop timing was the second most important problem and disease management was the third. Crop timing encompasses a range of related issues such as determining the correct harvest stage, harvest windows that are too short, flowering all at once, or lack of control when the crop is ready to harvest. The main postharvest problems were temperature management, hydration, and flower food management. Timing and stem length were the two most mentioned species-specific production issues, with each one listed by 10% or more of the respondents for eight of the total 31 species. Regarding on-farm postharvest handling, hydration and vase life were the two most mentioned issues; they were reported for five and three species, respectively. For postharvest during storage and transport, damage and hydration were the most common issues; these were listed for three species each. The most commonly mentioned customer complaints were vase life and shattering, which were reported for six and two species, respectively. These results will allow researchers and businesses to focus on the major cut flower production and postharvest issues and on crops that are most in need of improvement in North America.

scholarly journals Prolonging the vase life of cut Carnation 'GIOKO' by using different chemicals

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Terék ◽  
F. A. S. Hassan ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
Á. Máthé
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Positive Effect

Cut flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. GIOKO were treated with different concentrations of sucrose and in combination with 1­methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to compare the effect of these treatments with floral preservative (`Spring') on the longevity of flowers. Distilled water was used for preparing all solutions. The control flowers were held in distilled water. Clorox at 2 mL- I was added to all treatments containing sucrose and it was also applied as a separate treatment. The vase life of cut carnations was significantly prolonged due to the use of chemical treatments, as compared to the untreated control. The longest vase life (18.33 days) was obtained by using 1-MCP 0.5 g m-3 for 6 h treatment. All concentrations of sucrose had a positive effect on flower diameter. The best treatment in this respect was 1 -MCP with 30 gL-I sucrose. 1-MCP treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content, as compared to the control or the "Spring" treatment. The highest values in this respect were obtained by 1 -MCP treatment alone or with the lowest level of sucrose. The effect of these treatments on the pH of solutions is discussed.

Distribution and capacity utilization in the United States: evidence from state-level data

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-267
Author(s):  
Luke Petach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coordination Failure ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Us States ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Strategy I

Applying previously unused regional data to the problem of wage- versus profit-led growth, this paper estimates a demand-and-distribution system for a panel of US states for the years 1974 to 2014. Using variation in minimum-wage policy across states as an instrument for the labor share, I find that – at a regional level – the United States is strongly wage-led. In the absence of a satisfactory econometric identification strategy, I estimate the distributive curve non-parametrically. The results suggest the presence of significant non-linearities, with US states exhibiting profit-squeeze dynamics at low levels of capacity utilization and wage-squeeze dynamics at high levels. These results suggest difficulties for wage-led policy akin to a coordination failure.

scholarly journals Causes of Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water in the United States from 1971 to 2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther F. Craun ◽  
Joan M. Brunkard ◽  
Jonathan S. Yoder ◽  
Virginia A. Roberts ◽  
Joe Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Public Water Systems ◽  
Annual Proportion

SUMMARY Since 1971, the CDC, EPA, and Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have maintained the collaborative national Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) to document waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) reported by local, state, and territorial health departments. WBDOs were recently reclassified to better characterize water system deficiencies and risk factors; data were analyzed for trends in outbreak occurrence, etiologies, and deficiencies during 1971 to 2006. A total of 833 WBDOs, 577,991 cases of illness, and 106 deaths were reported during 1971 to 2006. Trends of public health significance include (i) a decrease in the number of reported outbreaks over time and in the annual proportion of outbreaks reported in public water systems, (ii) an increase in the annual proportion of outbreaks reported in individual water systems and in the proportion of outbreaks associated with premise plumbing deficiencies in public water systems, (iii) no change in the annual proportion of outbreaks associated with distribution system deficiencies or the use of untreated and improperly treated groundwater in public water systems, and (iv) the increasing importance of Legionella since its inclusion in WBDOSS in 2001. Data from WBDOSS have helped inform public health and regulatory responses. Additional resources for waterborne disease surveillance and outbreak detection are essential to improve our ability to monitor, detect, and prevent waterborne disease in the United States.

scholarly journals Effect of Dry and Wet Storage at Different Temperatures on the Vase Life of Cut Flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Cevallos ◽  
Michael S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Tulipa Gesneriana ◽  
Wet Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
C 32 ◽  
Storage Temperatures

After storage at different temperatures for a simulated transportation period, the vase lives at 20 °C (68 °F) of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus `Imperial White'), daffodils (Narcissus pseudonarcissus `King Alfred'), iris (Iris hollandica `Telstar'), killian daisies (Chrysanthemum maximum), paperwhite narcissus (Narcissus tazetta `Paperwhite'), roses (Rosa {XtimesX}hybrida `Ambiance'), and tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) decreased with increasing storage temperature. There were no significant differences between the vase life of flowers stored dry and flowers stored in water when storage temperatures were from 0 to 10 °C (32 to 50 °F). The vase life after wet storage at temperatures of 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) and greater was significantly higher than vase life after dry storage at those temperatures for all the flowers studied. Iris and carnation flowers survived storage at 15 and 20 °C (59 and 68 °F) only when stored in water.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Carnation Varieties (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) to Different Levels of Boron under Polytunnels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Januka Dahal ◽  
Debraj Adhikari ◽  
Umed Kumar Pun
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Flower Diameter

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most commercially important cut flowers of the world. It can be used for cut flowers, bedding, edging, boarders, pots and rock garden. Four Spanish carnation varieties were tested with three levels of boron under ultra-violet stabilized polytunnels from August 2017 to April 2018 at Godawari, Nepal. The objective of the research was to evaluate vegetative, floral, and vase life parameters in relations to growth, yield and quality of carnation. The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The variety Baltico had the maximum leaf length (19.3 cm), numbers of lateral branches (10.5), internodal length (5.1 cm), flower diameter (8.6 cm), and vase life (24.0 days). The numbers of nodes (5) and flower weight (25.4 g) were highest in the variety Vinco with the lowest cracked area on the stem (0.2 cm2/ crack). The numbers of stem cracks per plant significantly (p ≤0.01) reduced with an increasing level of boron though non-significant relation was observed on 60 ppm and 120 ppm. Variety Baltico was found as a better variety compared to the Vinco, Cervantes and Master varieties according to the vegetative, floral, yield and vase life parameters. Among the levels of boron tested, 60 ppm was found as the optimum dose. Thus, variety Baltico and 60 ppm boron is suggested to be used at the climatic condition of Lalitpur.

Transitioning Towards a Low-Carbon Hydrogen Economy in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C. K. Lam ◽  
Peter Hills ◽  
Esther C. T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

This paper describes the process of transitioning to a low-carbon hydrogen economy in the United States and the role of transition management (TM) in this process. Focusing on the transition process for hydrogen-based energy and transport systems in the United States, especially California, this study outlines the key characteristics of TM that have been employed in managing the transition. Several characteristics of TM have been noted in the United States’ hydrogen transition, including: (a) the complementarity of the long-term vision with incremental targets, (b) the integration of top-down and bottom-up planning, (c) system innovations and gradualism, (d) multi-level approaches and interconnectedness, and (e) reflexivity by learning and experimenting. These characteristics are instrumental in bringing about the development and initial commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and related energy infrastructure in the United States.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Household Vehicle Ownership and Ridesharing Behaviors in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Vehicle Ownership

To improve the sustainability and efficiency of transport systems, communities and government agencies throughout the United States (US) are looking for ways to reduce vehicle ownership and single-occupant trips by encouraging people to shift from driving to using more sustainable transport modes (such as ridesharing). Ridesharing is a cost-effective, sustainable and effective alternative transportation mode that is beneficial to the environment, the economy and society. Despite the potential effect of vehicle ownership on the adoption of ridesharing services, individuals’ ridesharing behaviors and the interdependencies between vehicle ownership and ridesharing usage are not well understood. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the associations between household vehicle ownership and the frequency and probability of ridesharing usage, and to estimate the effects of household vehicle ownership on individuals’ ridesharing usage in the US. We conducted zero-inflated negative binomial regression models using data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. The results show that, in general, one-vehicle reduction in households was significantly associated with a 7.9% increase in the frequency of ridesharing usage and a 23.0% increase in the probability of ridesharing usage. The effects of household vehicle ownership on the frequency of ridesharing usage are greater for those who live in areas with a higher population density than those living in areas with a lower population density. Young people, men, those who are unable to drive, individuals with high household income levels, and those who live in areas with rail service or a higher population density, tend to use ridesharing more frequently and are more likely to use it. These findings can be used as guides for planners or practitioners to better understand individuals’ ridesharing behaviors, and to identify policies and interventions to increase the potential of ridesharing usage, and to decrease household vehicle ownership, depending on different contextual features and demographic variables. Comprehensive strategies that limit vehicle ownership and address the increasing demand for ridesharing have the potential to improve the sustainability of transportation systems.

scholarly journals Psidium guajavaandPiper betleLeaf Extracts Prolong Vase Life of Cut Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) Flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. H. Ahmad ◽  
K. S. Lgu
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Copper Coin

The effect of leaf extracts ofPsidium guajavaandPiper betleon prolonging vase life of cut carnation flowers was studied. “Carola” and “Pallas Orange” carnation flowers, at bud stage, were pulsed 24 hours with a floral preservative. Then, flowers were placed in a vase solution containing sprite and a “germicide” (leaf extracts ofP. guajavaandP. betle, 8-HQC, or a copper coin). Flowers treated with 8-HQC, copper coin, and leaf extracts had longer vase life, larger flower diameter, and higher rate of water uptake compared to control (tap water). The leaf extracts ofP. guajavaandP. betleshowed highest antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to the other treatments. Both showed similar effects on flower quality as the synthetic germicide, 8-HQC. Therefore, these extracts are likely natural germicides to prolong vase life of cut flowers.

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