scholarly journals Multiple Location Differences in Growth of Red Maple `October Glory'

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
John M. Ruter ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Similar Growth

Acer rubrum `October Glory' has grown well in field studies across the southeastern United States. However, there is limited information on container production for this cultivar. Our objective was to evaluate first-year growth of container-grown `October Glory' at three locations with dissimilar climates in Georgia and Alabama. Rooted cuttings were planted in no. 3 containers at one location in Apr. 1995. Trees were transported the second week of June to Blairsville, Ga.; Auburn, Ala.; and Tifton, Ga. Trees were grown for 6 months until dormant and were harvested at the end of December. Location had no impact on final plant height increase (Blairsville, Auburn, and Tifton, 59.8, 53.0, and 60.2 cm, respectively). Increases in stem diameter and shoot dry mass were greatest at Tifton (8.4 mm, 17.5 g) and least at Blairsville (6.3 mm, 9.2 g), with Auburn similar to both locations (6.8 mm, 12.2 g). Root dry masses and root: shoot ratios were greatest in Tifton (17.2 g, 0.967), with no differences between Blairsville (4.9 g, 0.508) and Auburn (7.0 g, 0.641). Despite climatic dissimilarities, among locations, producers of container-grown `October Glory' could expect similar growth during the first year throughout Georgia and Alabama.

scholarly journals Development of Plants from Single-node Cuttings Differs among Cultivars of Red Maple and Freeman Maple

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Wilkins ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Six red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and four Freeman maple (A. ×freemanii E. Murray) cultivars were compared for rooting of single-node stem cuttings and subsequent development of rooted cuttings. Cuttings were taken in May 1990 and 1991 and treated with either 3 or 8 g IBA/kg. Rooting after 4 weeks differed among cultivars, ranging from 22% for `Karpick' to 100% for `Schlesinger' over both years. Rooting scores, based on root counts and lengths, were highest for `Schlesinger' and lowest for `Scarlet Sentinel' and `Karpick'. IBA at 8 g·kg–1 resulted in better rooting than at 3 g·kg–1. Mean length of shoots formed on potted rooted cuttings was 22.6 cm for `Franksred', which initiated shoots on 100% of the cuttings that rooted. In contrast, <50% of `Armstrong', `Jeffersred', `Karpick', `Northwood', and `Scarlet Sentinel' rooted cuttings initiated shoots, and mean length of new shoots was <4 cm for these cultivars. The amount of leaf desiccation that occurred after removing cuttings from the propagation bench varied among cultivars, and the percentage of viable leaf surface area correlated positively with final root or shoot dry mass for all cultivars. Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Growth of `October Glory' Red Maple in Multiple Locations in the Southeast

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 594F-594
Author(s):  
J.L. Sibley ◽  
J.M. Ruter ◽  
D.J. Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Single Location

Limited information exists for container production of red maple cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate first-year growth of container-grown `October Glory' at 3 locations with disparate climates in Georgia and Alabama (Tifton, Ga., Blairsville, Ga., and Auburn, Ala.). Rooted cuttings were planted in 9.2-L containers in one location in the same substrate in April 1995. Trees were transported to each location in mid-June and irrigated from overhead risers at 1.3 cm/day for 6 months until dormant, then transported to a single location for harvest. Despite weather differences among locations, final heights were not different (Blairsville 59.8 cm; Auburn 53.0 cm; and Tifton 60.2 cm). Shoot diameter increase and shoot dry weight was greatest at Tifton (8.4 mm, 17.5 g), least at Blairsville (6.3 mm, 9.2 g), with Auburn similar to both locations (6.8 mm, 12.2 g). Root dry weight and root: shoot ratio was greater in Tifton (17.2 g, 0.97) than Blairsville 14.9 g, 0.51) and Auburn (7.0 g, 0.64).

scholarly journals Growth and Fall Color of Red Maple Selections in the Southeastern United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
William A. Dozier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Height Increase

Abstract Nine red maple (Acer rubrum L.) cultivars (‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Fairview Flame’, ‘Franksred’, ‘Karpick’, ‘Northwood’, ‘October Glory’, ‘Redskin’, ‘Schlesingeri’, and ‘Tilford’), three Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii, interspecific cross between red maple and silver maple) cultivars (‘Autumn Blaze’, ‘Morgan’, and ‘Scarsen’), and a group of A. rubrum seedlings were evaluated in a field study with trickle irrigation for growth rates and fall color. ‘Autumn Blaze’, ‘Morgan’, ‘Scarsen’, and ‘Autumn Flame’ increased the most in height and diameter annually. Height increase was least for ‘Northwood’. ‘Northwood’ and ‘Karpick’ increased least in diameter annually. Considerable variation in initiation, peak, and duration of fall color, and time of defoliation were evident among cultivars. ‘Fairview Flame’ and ‘October Glory’ exhibited superior fall color while ‘Northwood’, ‘Morgan’, and ‘Redskin’ had poor fall color.

scholarly journals Responses to High Root-zone Temperature Among Cultivars of Red Maple and Freeman Maple

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Wilkins ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Order Root ◽  
Zone Temperature

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine whether genotypes of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and Freeman maple (A. x freemanii E. Murray) differ in responses to high root-zone temperature. During the first experiment, dry mass of ‘Franksred’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Schlesinger’ red maple, ‘Indian Summer’ Freeman maple, and selections from Arkansas, Maine, and Wisconsin were similar at 24, 28, and 32C (75, 82, and 90F), but dry mass at 36C (97F) was only 22% of that at 28C (82F). ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Franksred’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Schlesinger’ red maple and ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Jeffersred’ Freeman maple differed in responses to 34C (93F) during the second experiment. Stem length and plant dry mass were higher at 28C (82F) than at 34C (93F) for all cultivars except ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Jeffersred’, and the extent to which 34C (93F) decreased the length of the longest third-order root ranged from 50% for ‘Autumn Flame’ to 90% for ‘Indian Summer’. The higher root-zone temperature decreased transpiration by as little as 25% for ‘Jeffersred’ to as much as 89% for ‘Franksred’, and 34C (93F) reduced leaf chlorophyll content of only ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Jeffersred’. These results indicate that ‘Franksred’ and ‘Indian Summer’ are relatively sensitive while ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Jeffersred’, and ‘Schlesinger’ are relatively resistant to high root-zone temperature.

scholarly journals Growth of Three Shade Tree Genera as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
R.D. Wright ◽  
E.B. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The influence of N rates and irrigation on shoot growth and trunk diameter were evaluated for red maple (Acer rubrum, L. ‘October Glory’), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh) and dogwood (Cornus florida L. ‘Barton’). Irrigation increased shoot growth and trunk diameter for all 3 species during the first 2 growing seasons. Tree height and trunk diameter at the end of the third growing season were also greater for irrigated trees. Increasing the N levels from 168 to 329 Kg N/ha (150 to 300 lb N/A) resulted in a decrease in trunk diameter the first year and a decrease in shoot growth the second year in ‘October Glory’ maple. No significant differences in oak growth due to N rate were observed. Shoot growth and trunk diameter for dogwood were greater at 329 kg N/ha (300 lb N/A) than at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/A) only the first year. Neither height or trunk diameter at end of the third year were significantly increased from applying the higher level of N for any of the genera.

scholarly journals Biostimulants and Soil Amendments Affect Two-year Posttransplant Growth of Red Maple and Washington Hawthorn

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kelting ◽  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Jody Fanelli ◽  
Bonnie Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Kelp Extract

Humate-based products have been aggressively marketed as biostimulants that increase plant growth. Little data are available on their effect on tree establishment or their interaction with fertilizer and irrigation regimes. This experiment tested several types of biostimulants on posttransplant growth of Acer rubrum L. (red maple) and Crataegus phaenopyrum (Blume) Hara (Washington hawthorn) trees, both with and without irrigation and fertilization. Soil treatments were applied at planting as: 1) control (native backfill only); 2) compost (native backfill + yard-waste compost); 3) peat (native backfill + Canadian sphagnum peat); 4) granular humate, 100 g/tree; 5) granular humate, 200 g/tree; and 6) liquid humate +, a proprietary liquid mixture of humate, kelp extract, thiamine, and intermediate “metabolites.” Irrigation regime × soil treatment interaction was significant for red maple, but soil treatments did not increase height, stem diameter, top dry mass, or root length. For Washington hawthorn, soil treatments did not increase height, stem diameter, or root length, but top dry mass in all treatments as a group and in humate-treated trees in particular was greater than that of controls. Roots of peat-treated trees of both species were longer than those in other treatments. Granular humate applied at 200 g/tree increased total root length more than did 100 g/tree in Washington hawthorn but not in red maple. Fertilizing at planting with N at 14.5 g·m-2 had no effect on any parameter measured for either species.

scholarly journals Effects of Root Pruning on Container-Grown Maple and Oak

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Donna Fare
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Similar Growth

Two experiments were conducted on container-grown plants that were actively growing in spring to evaluate the effects of root pruning prior to repotting or planting in a field plot. In experiment 1, severe root pruning significantly reduced height and trunk diameter growth for both ‘Summer Red’ maple (Acer rubrum L) and overcup oak (Quercus lyrata Walt.) after repotting into a larger container. Shoot and root dry weights were less with plants severely root pruned compared to plants that were not root pruned or had been lightly root pruned. Overcup oaks that received no root pruning or were lightly root pruned did not differ in height or trunk growth 24 weeks after study initiation. However, overcup oaks severely root pruned had brown foliage within 10 days of repotting and within 2 months had extensive dieback, which resulted in negative height growth by the end of the study. In experiment 2, ‘Autumn Flame’ red maple that received no root pruning had similar growth to plants that had light root pruning, but was greater than plants that received moderate or severe root pruning during the first growing season in the field. Autumn Flame red maples severely root pruned prior to field planting had 65% less height growth than plants receiving no root pruning during year 1. After four years, shoot and trunk diameter growth was similar among treatments. The number of circling roots at the soil surface decreased as the amount of root pruning increased.

scholarly journals Bark Anthocyanin Levels Differ with Location in Cultivars of Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
John M. Ruter ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bark Tissue ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

The objective of this study was to determine differences in the bulk anthocyanin content of bark tissue of container-grown red maple (Acer rubrum L. and Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) at two Georgia locations with different environmental conditions. Rooted cuttings and tissue-cultured plantlets of eight cultivars were grown in either Blairsville or Tifton, Ga. [U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) Hardiness Zones 6b and 8a; American Horticultural Society (AHS) Heat Zones 5 and 8, respectively], from June 1995 until Dec. 1996. Bark tissue from twigs of trees grown in Blairsville was visually redder and contained more total anthocyanin than did that of trees grown in Tifton. Levels of total anthocyanins were higher (P = 0.0007) at Blairsville (0.087 mg·g-1, N = 48) than at Tifton (0.068 mg·g-1, N = 47). At both locations the levels were highest in `Landsburg' (`Firedance'™), followed by `Franksred' (`Red Sunset'™) and `October Glory'. This is the first report to quantify anthocyanin differences in bark tissue of container-grown trees. Cooler nights in Blairsville might have contributed to increased coloration by reducing respiratory losses, thus leaving more carbohydrates available for pigment production.

scholarly journals Styrene-lined and Copper-coated Containers Affect Production and Landscape Establishment of Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Brass ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Landscape Establishment

Growth response of two red maple cultivars (Acer rubrum L. `October Glory' and `Northwood') to styrene lining or copper hydroxide coating of 23.3-liter black plastic containers was evaluated. After the first growing season, plants were left in their original container, repotted into 51.2-liter nontreated containers, or transplanted into the landscape. Copper hydroxide effectively reduced circling of roots of both cultivars at the medium–container interface during the first year of production, but was less effective during the second growing season. Repotting from copper-treated containers into 51.2-liter containers or transplanting into the landscape resulted in more fibrous root development and enhanced root regeneration outside the original rootball relative to transplanting from nontreated containers. However, when copper hydroxide was applied to styrene lining, root regeneration after transplanting was reduced. Roots of plants grown in styrene-lined containers covered the medium–container interface more thoroughly than those in nonlined containers, but height, trunk diameter, and root regeneration were similar. `October Glory' had a larger trunk diameter, more branching, and better root regeneration than `Northwood'.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document