scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Drenches Control Growth of Potted Sunflowers

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Dasoju ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Effect On Growth

Paclobutrazol drenches were applied at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg a.i./pot to potted sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L. `Pacino') to determine its effect on growth. Plant height was shorter as paclobutrazol dose increased up to 16 mg; however, additional increases in dose had little effect on height. Severe height retardation of `Pacino' plants was evident at 16 and 32 mg. Plants treated with 2 mg of paclobutrazol were 17% and 25% smaller in diameter than untreated plants in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant diameter was smaller as paclobutrazol dose increased up to 16 mg, with additional increases in dose having little effect on plant diameter in Expt. 2. Plants treated with 16 or 32 mg of paclobutrazol exhibited phytotoxicity symptoms including crinkled leaves and stunted growth, and smaller and greener leaves. Sunflower plant growth was greater in the summer (Expt. 1) than in winter (Expt. 2). In the summer higher doses of paclobutrazol will be required than in winter for growth control. Marketable sized plants grown in 15- to 16.5-cm-diameter pots were produced with doses of paclobutrazol at 2 and 4 mg in both seasons, and doses up to 8 mg can also be used in summer for growth control.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Drench Activity in Coir- and Peat-based Root Substrates

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-598
Author(s):  
Shravan Dasoju ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Dahlia Variabilis

Paclobutrazol drench applications of 0, 2, and 4 mg a.i./pot were applied to `Pacino' potted sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) and `Red Pigmy' tuberous rooted dahlias (Dahlia variabilis Willd.) grown in substrates containing 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% (by volume) sphagnum peat or coir, with the remainder being perlite, to study the efficacy of paclobutrazol (Bonzi). Potted sunflower plant height differed significantly for peat- and coir-based substrates, with greater plant height being observed in coir-based substrates. Plant diameter was significantly greater at higher percentages of peat or coir in the substrate at 2 and 4 mg of paclobutrazol. Inflorescence diameter also was significantly decreased as paclobutrazol concentration increased. When the percent of height control from the untreated plants for potted sunflower was compared between coir and peat-based substrates, the percent height reduction was similar for peat- and coir-based substrates at 2 mg of paclobutrazol and height control was greater at 4 mg of paclobutrazol in coir-based substrates. The differences in plant growth observed in peat- and coir-based substrates can be attributed to differences in physical properties of these substrates. Dahlia plant height, diameter, and number of days until anthesis were not influenced by substrate type or percentage. However, dahlia growth was significantly reduced as paclobutrazol concentration increased. Coir-based substrates did not reduce the activity of paclobutrazol drenches compared to peat-based substrates, although to compensate for the greater amount of plant growth in coir-based substrates, paclobutrazol concentrations may need to be increased slightly to achieve a similar plant height as with peat-based substrates.

scholarly journals Pot Sunflower Growth and Flowering Responses to Foliar Applications of Daminozide, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 438D-438
Author(s):  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
Shravan Dasoju
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Total Plant

Plant growth retardant (PGR) foliar spray treatments (mg•liter–1) of daminozide at 1000 to 16,000; paclobutrazol from 5 to 80; and uniconazole from 2 to 32 were applied to `Pacino' pot sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) to compare their effectiveness at chemical height control. When the first inflorescence opened, the number of days from seeding until flowering, total plant height measured from the pot rim to the top of the inflorescence, inflorescence diameter, and plant diameter were recorded. Total plant height, plant diameter, inflorescence diameter, and days until flowering were significant for the PGR treatment interaction. Marketable-sized plants grown in the 1.2-liter pots were produced with uniconazole concentrations between 16 and 32 mg•liter–1 or with daminozide concentrations between 4000 and 8000 mg•liter–1. Paclobutrazol foliar sprays up to 80 mg•liter–1 had little effect and higher concentrations or medium drench treatments should be considered.

scholarly journals Quantifying Growth Control of Lantana Cultivars Varying in Vigor with Ancymidol, Flurprimidol, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole Substrate Drenches

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Kellie J. Walters ◽  
Kenneth G. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Lantana Camara

Our objective was to quantify the efficacy of different plant growth regulator (PGR) substrate drenches on growth of lantana (Lantana camara) cultivars varying in growth habit. Rooted ‘Little Lucky Peach Glow’, ‘Lucky Peach’, and ‘Landmark Peach Sunrise’ lantana cuttings were individually planted into 4-inch-diameter containers filled with a commercial, soilless growing substrate. Fourteen days after planting, solutions containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg·L−1 ancymidol, flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, or uniconazole were applied to the surface of the growing substrate. Six weeks after applying PGR drenches, data were collected. The growth index (GI), an integrated measurement of plant size incorporating the height and widths of plants, was calculated. There was variation in the GI among the control plants, reflecting variation among cultivars within the species. In addition, we measured variation in activity among the different PGRs applied. Across the concentrations applied, ancymidol generally had the lowest activity across the four PGRs. For example, drenches containing 4 mg·L−1 ancymidol resulted in plants that were similar to plants treated with 0.5 to 1 mg·L−1 flurprimidol or uniconazole or 2 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol for ‘Lucky Peach’ lantana. Across all cultivars, flurprimidol and uniconazole had the greatest activity in suppressing plant height, width, and GI. Substrate drenches containing flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, or uniconazole are useful to control size of lantana produced in containers, though the recommended concentration depends on the active ingredient and the growth habit of cultivars being treated.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Drenches on Growth of Potted Sunflowers Grown in 16.5-cm Pots

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 438C-438
Author(s):  
Shravan K. Dasoju ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Pot Size ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Pot Plant

Drench applications of plant growth retardant paclobutrazol were applied at 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg a.i./pot, plus an untreated control to pot sunflowers (Helianthus annuus cv. `Pacino') to determine its effect as a chemical height control. All paclobutrazol concentrations applied significantly reduced plant height by »27% when compared to the untreated control, but excessively short plants were observed at 16 and 32 mg a.i./pot. Plant diameter was also significantly decreased by »16% at 2 and 4 mg a.i./pot of paclobutrazol, when compared to the untreated control. Flower diameter decreased by »4% at 2 and 4 mg a.i./pot of paclobutrazol, but only concentrations ≥4 mg a.i./pot were significantly different from the untreated control. Paclobutrazol concentrations had no effect on days from potting to flowering. Drench concentrations of 2 and 4 mg a.i./pot of paclobutrozol produced optimum height control in relation to 16.5-cm-diameter pot size used.

scholarly journals Sunflower Helianthus annuus for Phytoremediation of Zinc in Hydroponic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Zainab Razali ◽  
Muhammad Faris Abd Wahab ◽  
Roejhan Md Kawi ◽  
Megawati Omar ◽  
Chia Chay Tay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Contamination

It has been noted that zinc contamination is hazardous which induces researchers seek new means to overcome it. One of the methods is to employ sunflower plant to eliminate zinc in soil. However, there is insufficient information about zinc phytoremediation by sunflower Helianthus annuus in hydroponic system. Hence in this study, a 15-day experiment was conducted using zinc concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L in a hydroponic system. The effects of zinc concentration on the plant growth (length of root, length of stem and number of leaf), zinc uptake and zinc translocation were evaluated. The findings showed that the plant growth was inhibited, where the zinc concentrations had affected the growth of the sunflower root, length and stem, and the zinc uptake significantly (p<0.05). It was also found that there was a significant variation of root length and zinc uptake in leaves within certain phases statistically (p<0.05). Then the translocation factor was found significant different for the time parameter but not the zinc concentrations (p<0.05). Therefore, this experiment concluded that the sunflower plant was highly tolerant to zinc and able to extract the zinc from contaminated environments. Lastly, this study showed that the sunflower is potential to phytoremediate zinc in a hydroponic system.

INTERACTIONS OF OESTRONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE RABBITS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
A. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary glands of castrated male rabbits was studied. Testosterone propionate was used in daily doses from 0.5 to 80 mg. The doses of oestrone ranged from 0.05 to 25 μg per day. Mammary glands were examined after 14, 28 or 56 days of injections. 1) Testosterone in doses below 20 mg failed to affect the mammary glands. With 40 or 80 mg a distinct, though abnormal growth reaction was consistently obtained. 2) Oestrone in doses lower than 0.5 μg did not stimulate mammary growth. With 0.5 μg and higher doses extensive growth of the mammary glands occurred. Stunted growth and secretion were found in the mammary glands of rabbits injected with 12.5 or 25 μg oestrone. 3) Testosterone in doses of 1 or 5 to 10 mg depressed or abolished the response of the mammary glands to 0.5 μg oestrone. When testosterone, in doses ineffective when given alone, was added to at least 3.125 μg oestrone, the mammary glands developed alveoli. The abnormalities produced by the highest doses of oestrone studied were exaggerated by the addition of testosterone. 4) The observations indicate a complicated interplay between the actions of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary gland of the rabbit. The interactions between testosterone and oestrone are presumably different from those observed between progesterone and oestrone.

Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchalee Jetiyanon ◽  
Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽  
Pinyupa Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P ≤ 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.

scholarly journals Musik Gamelan Bali Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Sawi Pakcoy (Brassica rafa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dewa Putu Yoga Gautama ◽  
I Made Anom S. Wijaya ◽  
I Wayan Widia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
High Frequency Sound ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Canopy Area

Pemberian gelombang suara dengan frekuensi tinggi dapat merangsang mulut daun  (stomata) tetap terbuka, akibatnya laju dan efisiensi penyerapan pupuk meningkat yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman. Hasil penggunaan sonic bloom pada tanaman adalah mampu menstimulir metabolisme sel-sel tanaman, sehingga terjadi peningkatan penyerapan nutrisi dan uap air lewat daun yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian musik Gamelan Bali terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman sawi pakcoy dan (2) untuk menentukan jenis musik Gamelan Bali yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sawi pakcoy yang terbaik. Penelitan ini menggunakan tanaman sawi pakcoy (Brassica Rafa L.).  Perlakuan yang diberikan  dalam penelitian adalah pemberian musik gamelan bali dengan nuansa musik yang berbeda. Perlakuan 1 menggunakan musik gamelan Angklung, Perlakuan 2 menggunakan musik gamelan Semarpagulingan dan Perlakuan 3 menggunakan musik gamelan Gong Kebyar. Data yang diperoleh dianalis ANOVA dengan program IBM SPSS 20. Variabel yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas kanopi daun tanaman, tingkat kehijauan daun tanaman, dan berat kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian musik gong kebyar menghasilkan nilai tertinggi pada variabel tinggi tanaman, luas kanopi daun, tingkat kehijauan daun, dan berat kering yang  masing menghasilkan nilai yaitu yaitu 29,98 cm, 1684 cm2, 186,79, dan 68,61 gr. Pemberian musik memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan berbeda nyata pada pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pakcoy. Semakin tinggi frekuensi musik yang diberikan maka semakin baik pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pakcoy yang dihasilkan.  High frequency sound waves can stimulate the mouth of leaf (stomata) remains opened.The stomata remains open leading to efficient absorption of fertilizer. The purposes of this research were (1) to find out the effect of Balinese instrument music on the growth and productivity of pakcoy mustard plant and (2) to determine the type of Balinese instrument music that gives the best growth and productivity of mustard pakcoy. The treatment of this research was the application of Balinese instrument music with different musical nuances for 3 hours. Treatment 1 was using Angklung instruments music, treatment 2 was using Semarpagulingan instrument music and treatment 3 using Gong Kebyar instrument music. The obtained data was analized by ANOVA with the IBM SPSS 20 program. The observed variables include plant height, canopy area of plant leaf, green leaves level and dry weight. The results showed that Gong Kebyar instrument music application produces the highest value of 29.98 on the height of the plant variables, the widest value of 1684 cm2  on the canopy area variables, the biggest value that is 68,61 gr on the dry weight variables and the largest value of 186.79 on the green leaves level variables. Balinese instrument music application effect to the growth of pakcoy mustard plant. The best plant growth was the plant with gong kebyar instrument music application from all observed variables.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

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