scholarly journals Papaya Fruit Growth, Calcium Uptake, and Fruit Ripening

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Qiu ◽  
Melvin S. Nishina ◽  
Robert E. Paull
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight Growth

The uptake of Ca by `Sunset' papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit and its role in ripening was studied. The highest mesocarp Ca uptake rate occurred in fruit that were <40 days postanthesis when fruit transpiration was probably highest. Ca uptake rate by the mesocarp was low, from 60 to 80 days postanthesis when fruit fresh and dry weight increased. Mesocarp Ca uptake rate increased again from 100 to 140 days postanthesis when fruit fresh weight growth rate declined and dry weight growth rate increased. Mesocarp Ca concentration did not significantly differ from the peduncle to the blossom end. although Ca was significantly higher in the outer than inner mesocarp at the fruit equator. Mesocarp Ca concentration fluctuated significantly throughout the year ranging from 68 to 204 μg·g-1 fresh weight (FW). Soil Ca application did not always increase fruit mesocarp Ca concentration, while K and N fertilization decreased mesocarp Ca concentration. Attempts to increase mesocarp Ca concentration by spraying CaCl2 onto papaya fruit during growth and by postharvest vacuum infiltration and dipping of the cut peduncle into CaCl2 were unsuccessful. Mesocarp Ca concentration was positively correlated to the firmness of ripe papaya fruit and the rate of softening of mesocarp plugs. Less correlation was found between fruit firmness and the ratio of Ca concentration to K or Mg concentration, or to Mg plus K concentrations. Mesocarp Ca concentration of 130 μg·g-1 FW or above was associated with slower fruit softening rate than fruit with a lower concentration.

scholarly journals Laju Tumbuh Umbi Tanaman Kentang Varietas Granola dan Supejohn di Dataran Medium dengan Pemulsaan

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Johannes E. X. Rogi ◽  
Hanny S. G. Kembuan ◽  
Johan A. Rombang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight Growth

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Research on growth rate of two cultivars of potato c.v. <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>Granola and Supejohn at medium altitude using mulching methods was conducted at Paslaten village, Subdistrict <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>of West Langowan, District of <ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>Minahasa,<del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del> North Sulawesi. Research location was at medium altitude of 750 m above sea level. The objectives of this research were to determine growth rate of potato<del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del> tuber grown at medium altitude and the most suitable mulch. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replications. The first factor was potato cultivars (Granola and Supejohn) and second factor was mulching methods (no mulch, straw mulch and black silver plastic). Research result showed that straw mulch treatment increased growth rate of Granola and Supejohn cultivars 0.87 g plant<sup>-1 </sup>day<sup>-1</sup> and 0.73 g plant<sup>-1 </sup>day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively while black silver plastic treatment only increased the growth rate of Granola and Supejohn cultivars 0.70 g plant<sup>-1 </sup>day<sup>-1</sup>and 0.59 g plant<sup>-1 </sup>day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The highest tuber dry weight was achieved by straw mulch. The best treatment was Granola grown in straw mulch. The lowest growth rate occurred at the mulch treatment which were 0.49 g plant<sup>-1 </sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for Granola <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>cultivar and 0.47 g plant<sup>-1 </sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for Supejohn <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>cultivar.</em></p><p><strong><em></em></strong><em>Keywords: black silver plastic mulch, dry weight, growth rate, potato, straw mulch    </em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em></em>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian tentang laju tumbuh tanaman kentang dengan 2 (dua) varietas yaitu <em>Granola</em> dan <em>Supejohn</em> di dataran medium dengan menggunakan mulsa dilakukan di Desa Paslaten, Kecamatan Langowan Barat, Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi penelitian berada di dataran medium dengan elevasi 750 m di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan besarnya laju tumbuh umbi tanaman kentang yang dikembangkan di dataran medium dan jenis mulsa yang paling sesuai. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 (dua) faktor dan 3 (tiga) ulangan yaitu faktor I tanaman kentang (varietas <em>Granola</em> dan <em>Supejohn</em>) dan faktor II yaitu perlakuan mulsa (tanpa mulsa, mulsa jerami dan mulsa plastik hitam perak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa jerami meningkatkan laju tumbuh umbi pada varietas <em>Granola</em> sebesar 0.87 g tanaman<sup>-1</sup> hari<sup>-1</sup> dan varietas <em>Supejohn</em> sebesar 0.73 g tanaman<sup>-1</sup> hari<sup>-1</sup>. Perlakuan mulsa plastik hitam perak meningkatkan laju tumbuh umbi pada varietas <em>Granola</em> sebesar 0.70 g tanaman<sup>-1</sup> hari<sup>-1</sup> dan varietas <em>Supejohn</em> 0.59 g tanaman<sup>-1</sup> hari<sup>-1</sup>. Bobot kering umbi tertinggi dicapai oleh mulsa jerami. Perlakuan terbaik ialah varietas <em>Granola</em> yang diberi mulsa jerami. Laju pertumbuhan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan tanpa mulsa sebesar 0.49 g<sup>-1</sup> hari<sup>-1</sup> untuk kultivar <em>Granola</em> dan 0.47 g<sup>-1</sup> hari<sup>-1</sup> untuk <em>Supejohn</em>.</p><p>Kata kunci: bobot kering, kentang, laju tumbuh, mulsa jerami, mulsa plastik hitam perak</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Prior Heat Stress on the Early Growth of Carica papaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
Gideon Olarewaju OKUNLOLA ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

The experiment was carried out to determine the effects of heat stress on some growth parameters like shoot height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight as well as the accumulation of chlorophylls in Carica papaya. Seedlings of C. papaya were exposed to prior heat stress at 40 °C. A group of plants was placed in a Gallenkamp oven for four hours; another group of plants was placed in the oven for eight hours while the third group of plants was placed in a dark cupboard for the period of eight hours. Sampling was carried out at weekly intervals starting from seven days after treatment. Plants were randomly picked from each of the three treatments. Three replicates were used for each parameter. The results obtained from the study showed that there was an increment in the shoot height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight from the beginning to the end of the experimental period. However, the accumulation of chlorophylls did not follow a particular pattern. The analysis of variance carried out on the data obtained showed that heat stress had a significant effect on the petiole length, shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight. Heat stress, however, did not produce a significant effect on the accumulation of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll.

scholarly journals Model Selection for Nondestructive Quantification of Fruit Growth in Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maaike Wubs ◽  
Yun T. Ma ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Leo F.M. Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weight Growth

Quantifying fruit growth can be desirable for several purposes (e.g., prediction of fruit yield and size, or for the use in crop simulation models). The goal of this article was to determine the best sigmoid function to describe fruit growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) from nondestructive fruit growth measurements. The Richards, Gompertz, logistic, and beta growth functions were tested. Fruit growth of sweet pepper was measured nondestructively in an experiment with three different average daily temperatures (18, 21, and 24 °C) and in an experiment with six cultivars with different fruit sizes (20 to 205 g fresh weight). Measurements of fruit length and fruit diameter or circumference were performed twice per week. From these, fruit volume was estimated. A linear relationship related fruit fresh weight to estimated fruit volume, and a Ricker or polynomial function related fruit dry matter content to fruit age. These relations were used to convert estimated fruit volume into fruit fresh and dry weights. As dry weight increased until harvest, fitting the sigmoid function to the dry weight data was less suitable: it would create uncertainty in the estimated asymptote. Therefore, the sigmoid functions were fitted to fresh weight growth of the fruit. The Richards function was the best function in each data set, closely followed by the Gompertz function. The fruit dry weight growth is obtained by multiplication of the sigmoid function and the function relating fruit dry matter content to fruit age.

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Growth and Development in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Dry Weight Growth

Monoculture velvetleaf had greater dry weight, growth rate, leaf area index, and height than velvetleaf grown in association with conventional or no-tillage corn. Velvetleaf planted 5 weeks after corn had significantly lower dry weight, leaf area index, and height compared to velvedeaf planted at the same time as corn. The combination of interference from corn and delayed planting caused a significant reduction in velvetleaf population at the end of the season, delayed the date of 50% velvetleaf flowering, increased the number of days required for 50% flowering, and reduced the number of capsules per plant. Velvetleaf dry weight/hectare and leaf area index increased as plant population increased. Velvetleaf dry weight, leaf area, capsules, and seed/plant decreased as plant density increased. There were no differences in vegetative or reproductive growth between velvetleaf grown in conventional or no-tillage areas.

Selection against sprouting damage in wheat. II.* Harvest ripeness, grain maturity and germinability

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IL Gordon ◽  
LN Balaam ◽  
NF Derera
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Temporal Placement ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Colour ◽  
Dry Weight Growth ◽  
Embryo Maturity

Examination of grain development in two white-grained (non-dormant) and two red-grained (varying dormancy) wheat genotypes has clarified concepts of maturity with respect to grain dehydration, harvest ripeness, embryo maturity, base α-amylase activity and dry weight growth. Each maturity trait had a different pattern of development. The net level of grain maturity at harvest ripeness depended on the relative progress of the maturation traits at the time at which harvest ripeness was defined. Harvest ripeness is defined as the first attainment of 12½% moisture during primary dehydration of the grain, this being closely related to fitness for harvest. The effects of adopting other definitions of harvest ripeness (at 17½% and 20% grain moisture) are discussed. Significant differences amongst genotypes in development patterns, temporal placement, and harvest ripeness level were found in each maturity trait, and the differences were not parallel across traits. Differences in maturation did not coincide with differences in putative dormancy or grain colour. Results indicated that grain maturation was a multi-faceted process, with flexible synchronizations amongst maturation traits at any point in time, such as at harvest ripeness. Germination tests or a-amylase assays on progeny grain samples, at some time after harvest ripeness, measure differences in maturity as well as putative differences in dormancy. Interpretation only in terms of dormancy could be misleading. Adjustment for immaturity is discussed. ____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 28: 583 (1977).

Modifications to callus culture characteristics and plastid differentiation by the formation of an albino callus of Lotus corniculatus

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2500-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Swanson ◽  
D. T. Tomes ◽  
W. G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Plastid Differentiation ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Green Callus

An achlorophyllous mutant callus (Leo 5u) arose spontaneously from a green callus genotype (Leo 5) of Lotus corniculatus L. (cv. Leo). The Leo 5u callus had no detectable plastid ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ultrastructural analysis revealed no 70s ribosomes, and few thylakoids or plastoglobuli. The white callus growth was completely inhibited by adding exogenous cytokinins to the medium and any subsequent growth was from isolated green revertant islands in the white callus. Green plants were regenerated from these islands and produced fertile plants; however, subsequent regenerants have failed to flower. Reculturing of callus from Leo 5u plants produed a callus (Leo 5u(r)) similar in regeneration and growth rate to the original Leo 5. While the fresh weight growth rate of Leo 5u callus was faster than Leo 5 or Leo 5u(r), no difference in dry weights was observed. Amyloplasts have been maintained in the Leo 5u callus for over 3 years and have maintained their ability to form chloroplasts. It is hypothesized that the plastid genome is required solely for the differentiation of the plastid while the cell nucleus is responsible for initiating the division and compartmental maintenance of the plastid.

Growth of Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Fruits After Treatment With Ethephon During Successive Periods of Fruit Development

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Dann ◽  
DJ Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene

During the first stage of dry weight increase (DW I) of peach fruit, ethephon inhibited growth but stimulated the short-term uptake of 14C-labelled assimilate as well as the natural abscission of the fruitlets. Abscission appeared to be the primary effect, while inhibited growth was a secondary effect of ethephon. This stage of growth DW I) includes the first half of the lag phase of fresh weight increase (FW 11). During the remainder of FW I1 (after the start of DW 11), ethephon did not affect growth except at the highest concentration, which inhibited growth. After commencement of FW 111, which is the final stage of rapid fresh weight increase, ethephon stimulated fruit growth. The data indicated that growth could be stimulated with ethephon during periods when the rate of fresh weight growth was rising but not when it was falling. Thus, endogenous ethylene appears to limit growth of peach fruit during the stages of rapid increase in fresh weight.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN SAYUR PELENG (Spinacia oleracea) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA BERBAGAI MULSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Robert G. Marpaung ◽  
Boy Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims at determing the response of growth and production of peleng vegetables to the application of liquid organic fertilizer in various mulch. The study was conducted on land located in Simalingkar A Medan with a height of ± 32 m above sea level, began from May to August 2017. The research method used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of NASA liquid organic fertilizer (P) which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = control, P1 = 3 ml / l water and P2 = 6 ml / l water. The second factor is the provision of mulch (M) which consists of three types, namely: M0: without mulching, M1: rice straw mulch and M2: black silver plastic mulch (MPHP). The results showed that the treatment of NASA liquid organic fertilizer up to 6 ml / l water significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but differed not markedly on the relative growth rate of plants. The treatment of organic mulch and black silver mulch significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but not significantly different to the relative growth rate of plants. The interaction between NASA's liquid organic fertilizer treatment and mulch administration had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight per sample, plant fresh weight per plot, plant dry weight per sample, plant dry weight per plot and relative plant growth rate

The effects of radiation and nitrogen on number of grains in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Abbate ◽  
F. H. Andrade ◽  
J. P. Culot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYThe possible interacting effects of shading and N supply on number of grains of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Buck Ñandú) were investigated at Balcarce, Argentina, during the 1988/89 and 1989/90 growing seasons. Shading was imposed from c. 13 days before anthesis to 6 days after, and four rates of N fertilization were supplied within each shading treatment around the date of terminal spikelet formation. Water and other nutrients were not limiting.Total grain yield was strongly correlated with grain number/m2, regardless of shading or N supply. At the highest N rates, grain number and dry weight of spikes at anthesis were linearly related to a photothermal quotient, i.e. the ratio of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to mean temperature minus 4·5 °C, during the period from 20 days before anthesis to 10 days after. The response of grain number to the photothermal quotient was interpreted in terms of the supply of assimilates to the spike at anthesis, which determined flower survival. The response of dry weight of spikes to photothermal quotient was interpreted in terms of crop growth rate since there was a linear relationship between crop growth rate and intercepted radiation. The lowest N rates reduced the number of grains/m2, at any given photothermal quotient. Since the reduction in grain number also occurred at any given dry weight of spikes, it cannot be explained by a reduced supply of assimilates to the spikes. Grain number responded directly to the supply of N to the spike, probably through the survival of differentiated flowers. The relationship between spike growth rate and crop growth rate was not affected by N supply. Crop growth rate was reduced by reduced N supply, because less radiation was intercepted and because radiation-use efficiency was lowered. These results indicate that current models for determining yield and number of grains/m2, based on crop growth, are not adequate when N is deficient.

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