scholarly journals Bermudagrass Drought Tolerance Associated with Dehydrin Protein Expression during Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemin Su ◽  
Justin Q. Moss ◽  
Guolong Zhang ◽  
Dennis L. Martin ◽  
Yanqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Resistant

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for warm-season turfgrass growth during the summer in the U.S. transition zone. Genotypic variation in drought resistance exists among bermudagrasses (Cynodon sp.), but the mechanisms of drought resistance are poorly understood. Our objectives were to investigate physiological changes in three bermudagrass cultivars under a well-watered condition and drought stress. to determine expression differences in soluble protein and dehydrin of the three cultivars under well-watered and drought stress conditions, and to identify the association between dehydrin proteins and drought tolerance. Grasses included a high drought-resistant cultivar, Celebration, a low drought-resistant cultivar, Premier, and a newly released cultivar, Latitude 36. In both well-watered and drought treatments, ‘Latitude 36’ had the highest visual quality and lower or medium electrolyte leakage among three cultivars. In the drought treatment, 16- and 23-kDa dehydrin proteins were observed in ‘Latitude 36’ but not in ‘Celebration’ or ‘Premier’. Our results indicate that the 16- and 23-kDa dehydrin expressions could be associated with drought tolerance and contribute to drought tolerance in bermudagrass.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis and molecular mechanism of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) drought tolerance under repeated drought using single-molecule long-read sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Meilian Tan ◽  
Collins O. Ogutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Drought Resistant

Abstract Background Oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) also as known as linseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Although linseed was reported to show better tolerance to abiotic stress conditions compared to other oil crops, the molecular mechanisms underlying linseed tolerance to drought stress are largely unknown. Moreover, as a result of climate change, drought dramatically reduces linseed yield and quality, but so far very little is known about how linseed coordinates the drought-resistant genes expression of response to different level of drought stress on the genome-wide level. Results To explore the transcriptional response of linseed to drought stress (DS) and repeated drought stress (RD), we first determined the drought tolerance of different linseed varieties. Then we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of drought-resistant variety (Z141) and drought-sensitive variety (NY-17) using single-molecule real-time sequencing and RNA-sequencing under drought stress (DS) and repeated drought stress (RD) at the seedling stage. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that compared with NY-17, the up-regulated genes of Z141 were enriched in more functional pathways related to plant drought tolerance under drought stress. In addition, the number of up-regulated genes in linseed under RD was more 30% than it under DS. In addition, a total of, 4,436 linseed transcription factors were identified, of these, 1,190 genes were responsive to stress treatments. Finally, the expression patterns of proline biosynthesis and DNA repair structural genes were verified by RT- PCR. Conclusions Drought tolerance of Z141 may be related to its specifically up-regulated drought tolerance genes under drought stress. Several variable physiological responses occurred in repeated than in sustained drought treatment. Sum up, this study provides a new perspective to understand the drought adaptability of linseed.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Drought-Resistant and Drought-Sensitive Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Genotypes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah E. Abdel-Ghany ◽  
Fahad Ullah ◽  
Asa Ben-Hur ◽  
Anireddy S. N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Drought is a major limiting factor of crop yields. In response to drought, plants reprogram their gene expression, which ultimately regulates a multitude of biochemical and physiological processes. The timing of this reprogramming and the nature of the drought-regulated genes in different genotypes are thought to confer differential tolerance to drought stress. Sorghum is a highly drought-tolerant crop and has been increasingly used as a model cereal to identify genes that confer tolerance. Also, there is considerable natural variation in resistance to drought in different sorghum genotypes. Here, we evaluated drought resistance in four genotypes to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress at the seedling stage and performed transcriptome analysis in seedlings of sorghum genotypes that are either drought-resistant or drought-sensitive to identify drought-regulated changes in gene expression that are unique to drought-resistant genotypes of sorghum. Our analysis revealed that about 180 genes are differentially regulated in response to drought stress only in drought-resistant genotypes and most of these (over 70%) are up-regulated in response to drought. Among these, about 70 genes are novel with no known function and the remaining are transcription factors, signaling and stress-related proteins implicated in drought tolerance in other crops. This study revealed a set of drought-regulated genes, including many genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are associated with drought tolerance at the seedling stage.

scholarly journals Differential responses of antioxidants and dehydrin expression in two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivars contrasting in drought tolerance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Guofu Hu ◽  
Guoqiang Wu ◽  
Guodao Liu ◽  
Hengfu Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

AbstractDrought stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development in many regions of the world. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant metabolism and dehydrin expression responses to drought stress in two switchgrass cultivars (drought tolerant Alamo, and drought sensitive Dacotah) contrasting in drought tolerance. The plants were subjected to well-watered [100% evapotranspiration (ET)] or drought stress (30%-50% ET) conditions for up to 24 d in growth chambers. Drought stress decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two cultivars, but Alamo exhibited higher leaf RWC level, lower leaf EL and MDA when compared to Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Drought stress also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in two cultivars, Alamo had relatively higher SOD, CAT and APX activities and greater abundance of SOD and APX isozymes than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Alamo had higher abundance of 55 KDa and 18 KDa dehydrin accumulation than Dacotah under drought treatment. Relative genes expression level of PvCAT1, PvAPX2, PvERD and PvPIP1;5 in Alamo were significantly higher than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. These results suggest that increase in antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of dehydrin were highly related with switchgrass drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activity, isozyme expression and dehydrin abundance could provide a useful screening tool to identify relative drought tolerance in switchgrass cultivars.

Low dose of gamma irradiation enhanced drought tolerance in soybean

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drought Treatment

Drought stress is the main limiting factor in soybean production. However, no work has been done on how the application of a low dose of gamma rays could help to overcome water deficits during critical stages of soybean development. Gamma rays at a dose of 20 Gray (Gy) were applied to dry seeds of soybean before planting. Two levels of soil moisture (80% field capacity for well-watered control and 35% for drought-stressed treatment) were applied at pod initiation. Gamma irradiation increased biomass accumulation and seed yield in both treatments. It also increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity (14CO2 fixation) and leaf water potential and enhanced the enzyme activities of RuBPCase and PEPCase of control plants compared with drought-stressed plants. Gamma irradiation (20 Gy) increased the soluble sugars, protein and proline content and the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in drought-stressed soybean leaves. It also increased the chloroplast size, which was reduced by drought treatment, and rebuilt, to some extent, the chloroplast ultrastructure. However, it decreased the malondialdehyde concentration and the electrical conductivity of the leaves under drought stress. Overall, the results indicated that pre-treatment with gamma rays (20 Gy) to dry seeds of soybean before planting could be used to enhance drought tolerance and minimize the yield loss caused by water deficit.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Reveals the Dynamic Response Mechanism of Pearl Millet Roots under Drought Stress

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Yang Ji ◽  
Xiaowen Lu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Ailing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Sense And Respond

Drought is a major threat to global agricultural production that limits the growth, development and survival rate of plants, leading to tremendous losses in yield. Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone) has an excellent drought tolerance, and is an ideal plant material for studying the drought resistance of cereal crops. The roots are crucial organs of plants that experience drought stress, and the roots can sense and respond to such conditions. In this study, we explored the mechanism of drought tolerance of pearl millet by comparing transcriptomic data under normal conditions and drought treatment at four time points (24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h) in the roots during the seedling stage. A total of 1297, 2814, 7401, and 14,480 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h, respectively. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses, we found that many DEGs participated in plant hormone-related signaling pathways and the “oxidoreductase activity” pathway. These results should provide a theoretical basis to enhance drought resistance in other plant species.

scholarly journals Flavonoids improve drought tolerance of maize seedlings by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhu Li ◽  
Ruonan Fan ◽  
Guiling Sun ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Yanting Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Abstract Background and aims As drought threatens the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.), it is important to dissect the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance. Flavonoids, participate in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and alleviate stress-induced oxidative damages. This study aims to dissect the function of flavonoids in the improvement of maize drought tolerance. Methods Using far-infrared imaging screening, we previously isolated a drought overly insensitivity (doi) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized maize library and designated it as doi57. In this study, we performed a physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling of doi57 in comparison to corresponding wild-type B73 under drought stress. Results Under drought stress, doi57 seedlings displayed lower leaf-surface temperature (LST), faster water loss, and better performance in growth than B73. Transcriptome analysis reveals that key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are enriched among differentially expressed genes in doi57. In line with these results, more flavonols and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were accumulated in guard cells of doi57 than in those of B73 with the decrease of soil water content (SWC). Moreover, the capacity determined from doi57 seedling extracts to scavenge oxygen free radicals was more effective than that of B73 under the drought treatment. Additionally, doi57 seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency than B73 exposed to drought stress, resulting in high biomass and greater root/shoot ratios in doi57 mutant plants. Conclusion Flavonoids may facilitate maize seedling drought tolerance by lowering drought-induced oxidative damage as well regulating stomatal movement.

scholarly journals Comparing transcriptional responses to Fusarium crown rot in wheat and barley identified an important relationship between disease resistance and drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Su ◽  
J. J. Powell ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
M. Zhou ◽  
C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of genes curated from the literature based on known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 curated genes, 61.0% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was a comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provides further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibrom B. Abreha ◽  
Muluken Enyew ◽  
Anders S. Carlsson ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Source Sink

Abstract Main conclusion Droughts negatively affect sorghum’s productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular and physiological. Abstract Sorghum is an economically important and a staple food crop for over half a billion people in developing countries, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions where drought stress is a major limiting factor. Although sorghum is generally considered tolerant, drought stress still significantly hampers its productivity and nutritional quality across its major cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of the stress and plant response is indispensable for improving drought tolerance of the crop. This review aimed at enhancing our understanding and provide more insights on drought tolerance in sorghum as a contribution to the development of climate resilient sorghum cultivars. We summarized findings on the effects of drought on the growth and development of sorghum including osmotic potential that impedes germination process and embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, and imbalance in source-sink relations that in turn affect seed filling often manifested in the form of substantial reduction in grain yield and quality. Mechanisms of sorghum response to drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, and molecular alterations are presented. We highlighted the current understanding about the genetic basis of drought tolerance in sorghum, which is important for maximizing utilization of its germplasm for development of improved cultivars. Furthermore, we discussed interactions of drought with other abiotic stresses and biotic factors, which may increase the vulnerability of the crop or enhance its tolerance to drought stress. Based on the research reviewed in this article, it appears possible to develop locally adapted cultivars of sorghum that are drought tolerant and nutrient rich using modern plant breeding techniques.

Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Zhongqun He ◽  
Yongdong Xie ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
Ruijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Mild Drought

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.

scholarly journals Utilization of Transcriptome, Small RNA, and Degradome Sequencing to Provide Insights Into Drought Stress and Rewatering Treatment in Medicago ruthenica

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Shi ◽  
Wei Jiao ◽  
Lan Yun ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Xiujuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Mirna Target ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Degradome Sequencing ◽  
Medicago Ruthenica

Drought is a major limiting factor in foraging grass yield and quality. Medicago ruthenica (M. ruthenica) is a high-quality forage legume with drought resistance, cold tolerance, and strong adaptability. In this study, we integrated transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome sequencing in identifying drought response genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and key miRNA-target pairs in M. ruthenica under drought and rewatering treatment conditions. A total of 3,905 genes and 50 miRNAs (45 conserved and 5 novel miRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed in three test conditions (CK: control, DS: plants under drought stress, and RW: plants rewatering after drought stress). The degradome sequencing (AllenScore < 4) analysis revealed that 104 miRNAs (11 novel and 93 conserved miRNAs) were identified with 263 target transcripts, forming 296 miRNA-target pairs in three libraries. There were 38 differentially expressed targets from 16 miRNAs in DS vs. CK, 31 from 11 miRNAs in DS vs. RW, and 6 from 3 miRNAs in RW vs. CK; 21, 18, and 3 miRNA-target gene pairs showed reverse expression patterns in DS vs. CK, DS vs. RW, and RW vs. CK comparison groups, respectively. These findings provide valuable information for further functional characterization of genes and miRNAs in response to abiotic stress, in general, and drought stress in M. ruthenica, and potentially contribute to drought resistance breeding of forage in the future.

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