scholarly journals Differential responses of antioxidants and dehydrin expression in two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivars contrasting in drought tolerance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Guofu Hu ◽  
Guoqiang Wu ◽  
Guodao Liu ◽  
Hengfu Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

AbstractDrought stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development in many regions of the world. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant metabolism and dehydrin expression responses to drought stress in two switchgrass cultivars (drought tolerant Alamo, and drought sensitive Dacotah) contrasting in drought tolerance. The plants were subjected to well-watered [100% evapotranspiration (ET)] or drought stress (30%-50% ET) conditions for up to 24 d in growth chambers. Drought stress decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two cultivars, but Alamo exhibited higher leaf RWC level, lower leaf EL and MDA when compared to Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Drought stress also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in two cultivars, Alamo had relatively higher SOD, CAT and APX activities and greater abundance of SOD and APX isozymes than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Alamo had higher abundance of 55 KDa and 18 KDa dehydrin accumulation than Dacotah under drought treatment. Relative genes expression level of PvCAT1, PvAPX2, PvERD and PvPIP1;5 in Alamo were significantly higher than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. These results suggest that increase in antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of dehydrin were highly related with switchgrass drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activity, isozyme expression and dehydrin abundance could provide a useful screening tool to identify relative drought tolerance in switchgrass cultivars.

scholarly journals Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de A. Silva ◽  
John L. Jifon ◽  
Jorge A.G. da Silva ◽  
Vivek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Drought is one of the major limitations to plant productivity worldwide. Identifying suitable screening tools and quantifiable traits would facilitate the crop improvement process for drought tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of four relatively physiological parameters (variable-to-maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence ratio, F v/F m; estimated leaf chlorophyll content via SPAD index; leaf temperature, LT; and, leaf relative water content, RWC) to distinguish between drought tolerant and susceptible sugarcane genotypes subjected to a 90-d drought cycle. Eight field-grown genotypes were studied. By 45 d after the onset of treatments, the F v/F m, SPAD index and RWC of drought-stressed plants had declined significantly in all genotypes compared to values at the onset of well-watered treatments. However, the reductions were more severe in leaves of susceptible genotypes. Under drought stress, the tolerant genotypes as a group, maintained higher F v/F m (8%), SPAD index (15%), and RWC (16%) than susceptible genotypes. In general, LT of drought-stressed plants was higher (~4ºC) than that of well-watered plants but the relative increase was greater among drought susceptible genotypes. Under drought stress, LT of tolerant genotypes was on average 2.2ºC lower than that of susceptible genotypes. The results are consistent with the tolerant-susceptible classification of these genotypes and indicate that these tools can be reliable in screening for drought tolerance, with F v/F m, SPAD index and LT having the added advantage of being nondestructive and easily and quickly assessed.

Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Nkoana ◽  
Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽  
E.T. Gwata
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

The genetic potential for drought tolerance in cowpea within the small holder sector has not been fully exploited in South Africa. Thus, a drought evaluation experiment was conducted at the ARC-VOP to evaluate 28 cowpea germplasm accessions including two controls viz. IT96D-602 (drought tolerant) and TVU7778 (susceptible to drought) in the drought screening house using plastic box evaluation method in January, 2017. Genotypes raised for three weeks were subjected to 5 weeks of water stress treatment to determine their physiological response through leaf wilting index, relative water content and proline content followed by re-watering to determine genotype (s) with ability to recover from drought stress. Analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in response to moisture stress among the cowpea accessions for the selected physiological traits except for leaf wilting index at week two of drought stress. Stem greenness and recovery appeared to be a reliable indicator of drought tolerant genotypes which was readily observed in Acc1257, Acc1168, Acc2355, IT96D-602 and Acc5352 which also correlated significantly and positively with relative water content and proline content. The genotypes responded differently to drought stress indicating that there is sufficient genetic variability that can be utilized further in breeding for drought stress within the cowpea species.

scholarly journals Bermudagrass Drought Tolerance Associated with Dehydrin Protein Expression during Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemin Su ◽  
Justin Q. Moss ◽  
Guolong Zhang ◽  
Dennis L. Martin ◽  
Yanqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Resistant

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for warm-season turfgrass growth during the summer in the U.S. transition zone. Genotypic variation in drought resistance exists among bermudagrasses (Cynodon sp.), but the mechanisms of drought resistance are poorly understood. Our objectives were to investigate physiological changes in three bermudagrass cultivars under a well-watered condition and drought stress. to determine expression differences in soluble protein and dehydrin of the three cultivars under well-watered and drought stress conditions, and to identify the association between dehydrin proteins and drought tolerance. Grasses included a high drought-resistant cultivar, Celebration, a low drought-resistant cultivar, Premier, and a newly released cultivar, Latitude 36. In both well-watered and drought treatments, ‘Latitude 36’ had the highest visual quality and lower or medium electrolyte leakage among three cultivars. In the drought treatment, 16- and 23-kDa dehydrin proteins were observed in ‘Latitude 36’ but not in ‘Celebration’ or ‘Premier’. Our results indicate that the 16- and 23-kDa dehydrin expressions could be associated with drought tolerance and contribute to drought tolerance in bermudagrass.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Avoidance Traits for Six Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. McCann ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare drought responses between the more recently developed creeping bentgrass cultivars to standard cultivars and 2) to determine differential drought tolerance and avoidance characteristics associated with cultivar variation in drought resistance. Six cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferia) (‘Penn A-4’, ‘Independence’, ‘Declaration’, ‘L-93’, ‘Penncross’, and ‘Putter’) were maintained in growth chambers at 20 °C day/15 °C night either well-watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding water for 17 days. Cultivars varied in turf performance and physiological responses (leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency) to drought stress, which was reflected in their differences in drought tolerance (osmotic adjustment) and drought avoidance traits (water use rate and efficiency, root viability, root length, and number). ‘Penn A-4,’ ‘Independence,’ and ‘L-93’ generally performed better than other three cultivars under drought conditions, mainly through maintaining higher water use efficiency, root viability, root elongation, or root production. The majority of physiological parameters evaluated suggested that of the six creeping bentgrass cultivars examined in this study, the three cultivars with better ability to survive drought stress used mainly avoidance traits related to water use and water uptake.

scholarly journals Proteins Involved in Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Regulation Associated with Genotypic Variations in Drought Tolerance for Tall Fescue

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Jianming Sun ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Xianglin Li ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Oxidative Regulation ◽  
Tolerant Genotype ◽  
Adaptation To Drought

Protein metabolism plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. The objective of this study was to identify drought-responsive proteins associated with differential drought tolerance for a tolerant genotype (RU9) and a sensitive genotype (RU18) of tall fescue (Lolium arundinacea). Plants of both genotypes were grown under well-watered conditions or subjected to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 12 days in a growth chamber controlled at the optimal growth temperatures of 23/18 °C (day/night). Physiological analysis demonstrated that RU9 was relatively more drought tolerant than RU18, as shown by the higher leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photochemical efficiency at 12 days of drought treatment. Differentially expressed proteins between RU9 and RU18 exposed to drought stress were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). Several proteins [photosystem I reaction center subunit II, Rubisco small subunit, and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH)] in photosynthesis, respiration, or oxidative regulation exhibited higher abundance in RU9 than RU18 under drought stress. These results suggested the critical importance of energy and oxidative metabolism in tall fescue adaptation to drought stress. Those abundant proteins in the drought-tolerant genotype could be used as biomarkers or developed to molecular markers to develop elite drought-tolerant germplasm in tall fescue and other cool-season perennial grass species.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of P5CS1 and P5CS2 Genes from Saccharum officinarum L. under Drought Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayati Minarsih Iskandar ◽  
Dwiyantari Widyaningrum ◽  
Sony Suhandono
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Proline Concentration

Increasing world sugar demand might be fulfilled with land extensification which include the use of dry area. Development of drought tolerance and high productivity sugarcane variety could be achieved  by plant genetic engineering. Under drought condition, proline will be accumulated and functioned as an osmoregulator in plant cells. ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is one of the important enzymes in proline biosynthesis.  This enzyme is encoded by P5CS gene family. We cloned two homologous P5CS genes from sugarcane,  SoP5CS1 (Accession Number : KF178299) and SoP5CS2 (Accession Number : KF178300), which encode 729 and 716 amino acid polypeptides. The identity between these two genes was 74% based on nucleotide sequences. The SoP5CS1 gene had 98% identity with SbP5CS1 (Accession Number : GQ377719.1) and SoP5CS2 had 99% identity with SaP5CS (Accession Number : EF113257.1). In this experiment, sugarcane plantlets  were exposed to medium containing PEG 6000 (40%) for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Proline concentration was measured after treatment and genes expression were analyzed by real time-qPCR. The results showed that the proline concentration was increased 12 folds (9.8 umol.g-1) after 48-hours stress treatment. The highest expression of SoP5CS1 occured at 24-hours treatment with approximately 16 times from plant without PEG (control plant) and decreased gradually at 48 and 72 hours treatment. The highest expression of SoP5CS2 occured at 24-hours drought stress with approximately 3.6 folds compared to control. In drought treatment, the expression level SoP5CS1 was higher than SoP5CS2 and has increased significantly at 12-hours treatment. It is suggested that the SoP5CS1 gene contributes more significantly to the production of proline during drought stress than SoP5CS2. Hence, SoP5CS1 could potentialy be used as a marker to screen sugarcane variety for drought tolerance and for the development of transgenic plant tolerant to drought.Keywords: cloning, drought, expression, P5CS, sugarcane

scholarly journals Antioxidative Responses and Candidate Gene Expression in Prairie Junegrass under Drought Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Eric Watkins ◽  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Yu ◽  
Na Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Antioxidative Responses ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽  
Koeleria Macrantha ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Copper Zinc

Prairie junegrass (Koeleria macrantha) is a native cool-season C3 grass that has shown potential as a low-input turfgrass. An increased understanding of the physiological and molecular responses of prairie junegrass to water-deficit conditions is important for developing cultivars with enhanced drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to characterize the antioxidative responses and candidate gene expression in prairie junegrass subjected to drought stress. Two drought-tolerant (TOL-1 and TOL-2) and two drought-susceptible (SUS-1 and SUS-2) genotypes of prairie junegrass were subjected to 7 days of drought stress. Leaf relative water content (RWC) of SUS-1 and SUS-2 was 72.1% and 73.8% and RWC of TOL-1 and TOL-2 was 90.1% and 85.4% in drought-stressed plants, respectively. Drought stress did not affect chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), or glutathione reductase for tolerant or susceptible genotypes. The TOL-2 and SUS-2 genotypes were further examined for candidate gene expression. Drought stress did not alter expression levels of CAT and chloroplastic copper/zinc SOD (Cu/ZnSOD), but increased levels of APX in either genotype, compared with their relative controls. Expression of P5CS encoding Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and P5CR encoding Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase for proline biosynthesis were up-regulated under drought stress for both genotypes; however, expression of P5CR was more strongly induced under drought stress for TOL-2, compared with its control. The expression of 1-FFT encoding fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase, which is involved in fructan biosynthesis, was strongly induced under drought stress for TOL-2 but not detected under either control or drought stress conditions for SUS-2. These results indicate that the genes involved in proline and fructan biosynthesis may play an important role in drought tolerance in prairie junegrass.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on morpho-physiological traits in some traditional rice cultivars of Kokrajhar district, Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Sarma* ◽  
Neeva Rani Basumatary ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Traditional Rice

Water status is one of the critical factors affecting rice production. Rice cultivars tolerant to drought stress at the vegetative stage were selected. Six traditional rice cultivars of Kokrajhar district, Assam, namely, Sali, Bora, Ahu, Malsira, and two variety of Jaha i.e.; white and black were included in this study. The germination index, plant growth, root architecture, leaf rolling, leaf death and leaf relative water content in plants subjected to drought stress for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days were recorded. Based upon the levels of water stress tolerance, three groups of rice cultivars were recognized, as follows: highly drought-tolerant, moderately drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars. The Joha (white) rice cultivar was considered to be a highly drought-tolerant cultivar. The moderately drought-tolerant cultivars included Joha (black), Ahu, Sali and Bora. The Malsira cultivar was considered sensitive to drought.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Induces Morpho-Physiological and Proteome Changes of Pandanus amaryllifolius

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asyraf Mohd Amnan ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Fiqri Dizar Khaidizar ◽  
Boon Chin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Proteome Changes ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Pandanus Amaryllifolius

Drought is one of the significant threats to the agricultural sector. However, there is limited knowledge on plant response to drought stress and post-drought recovery. Pandanus amaryllifolius, a moderate drought-tolerant plant, is well-known for its ability to survive in low-level soil moisture conditions. Understanding the molecular regulation of drought stress signaling in this plant could help guide the rational design of crop plants to counter this environmental challenge. This study aimed to determine the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and protein changes of P. amaryllifolius in response to drought stress and during recovery. Drought significantly reduced the leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content of P. amaryllifolius. In contrast, relative electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the drought-treated and recovered samples were relatively higher than the well-watered sample. The protein changes between drought-stressed, well-watered, and recovered plants were evaluated using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Of the 1415 differentially abundant proteins, 74 were significantly altered. The majority of proteins differing between them were related to carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, stress response, and antioxidant activity. This is the first study that reports the protein changes in response to drought stress in Pandanus. The data generated provide an insight into the drought-responsive mechanisms in P. amaryllifolius.

scholarly journals Drought stress induces morpho-physiological and proteome changes of Pandanus amaryllifolius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asyraf Mohd Amnan ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Fiqri Dizar Khaidizar ◽  
Boon Chin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Proteome Changes ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Pandanus Amaryllifolius

Drought is one of the significant threats to the agricultural sector. However, there is limited knowledge on the plant response to drought stress and post-drought recovery. Pandanus amaryllifolius, a moderate drought-tolerant plant, is well known for its ability to survive in low-level soil moisture conditions. Understanding the molecular regulation of drought stress signaling in this plant could help guide the rational design of crop plants to counter this environmental challenge. This study aimed to determine the morpho-physiological, biochemical and protein changes of P. amaryllifolius in response to drought stress and during recovery. Drought significantly reduced leaf relative water content of P. amaryllifolius. In contrast, relative electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the drought-treated and recovered samples were relatively higher than the well-watered sample. The protein changes between drought-stressed, well-watered, and recovered plants were evaluated using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Of the 1,415 differentially abundant proteins, 74 were significantly altered. The majority of proteins differing between them were related to carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, stress response, and antioxidant activity. This is the first study that reports the protein changes in response to drought stress in Pandanus. The data generated provide an insight into the drought-responsive mechanisms in P. amaryllifolius.

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