scholarly journals Possible dangers of automation failures on board and measures to avoid the negative effects of these failures

2019 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Demirel E.
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Manpower Requirement ◽  
Automation Systems

The first priority of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) is to ensure safety at sea. The ships are the critical elements of the shipping. The ships are the largest vehicles of the world and equipped with state of art management systems which are mostly furnished with highly automated systems. Any automated system failure may cause fatal accidents which hamper the human life, ship and environment as well as ports and terminals. Automated systems facilitate management of the ships and reduce manpower requirement. Unfortunately the seafarers assume these high technology products are very reliable and mostly neglects any possible failure on these systems. If we investigate seafarer’s education and training systems, curricula do not cover sufficient knowledge on operation principles and limitations of automated systems. This insufficiency negatively affects their counter actions in case of an automation failure which endangers safety of sea. The application of automation systems on board speedily pervades following the rapid technologic developments on merchant ships as well as on naval ships. That means automation failure will become rather important in the future. This study investigates possible reasons for automation failures and proposals to prevent it and reduce the negative effects of such incidents. Finally, it is intended to define measures covering automation failure versus human element on board.

scholarly journals Automation Systems’ Conceptual Design Methodology for Educational and Technological Services Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Moreno-Serrano ◽  
Jenniffer Guerrero ◽  
Diego G. Galeano-Alegria
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Industrial Automation ◽  
General Design ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Building Systems

This article shows the results of an applied investigation aimed to establish a general design methodologyfor the modernization of automated systems oriented to modernization of physical and technological infrastructureof the “Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje” (SENA) in Colombia, with systems, equipment and applicationsoriented to sustainability, efficiency and energy savings. The objective of this work is to "Propose amethodology for the conceptual design of automated building systems". The methodology was applied to thedesign of the automated system of the Technological Services Laboratory (LST) of the Center for Electricityand Industrial Automation (CEAI)- SENA and its implementation constitutes a reference model for the otherSENA training centers to apply in order to improve the conditions of safety, comfort and energy managementin their facilities.

PENERAPAN SOSIODRAMA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGELOLA KONFLIK REMAJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Adam Adam
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Social Disintegration ◽  
Group Members

The process of human development is inseparable from the influence of the environment, so the development of adolescents who sit in junior high school will be different from adolescents in high school, or in college, even though human life is definitely not going to be separated from the past and the future. Adolescence is one of the development periods experienced by humans in their lives. During the transition, adolescents are in an unstable condition. There is a feeling of insecurity, because they have to change or change the behavior patterns of adolescents from children to adults. From this transition period the potential for social conflict arises, because of the desire to meet human needs. Sociodrama is one of the techniques in group guidance that aims to solve social problems that arise in human relationships that can be implemented if most group members face similar social problems, or if they want to practice or change certain attitudes. Conflicts can have positive or negative effects, and they always exist in life. The problem is how the conflict can be managed in such a way that it does not cause social disintegration. Therefore, it needs a conflict management, so that the conflict can be controlled and directed

The Human Element in Automation Systems

Soviet Review ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
D. A. Oshanin ◽  
D. Y. Panov
Keyword(s):  
Human Element ◽  
Automation Systems

Near-Perfect Automation: Investigating Performance, Trust, and Visual Attention Allocation

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110328
Author(s):  
Cyrus K. Foroughi ◽  
Shannon Devlin ◽  
Richard Pak ◽  
Noelle L. Brown ◽  
Ciara Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Scan Pattern ◽  
Subjective Trust

Objective Assess performance, trust, and visual attention during the monitoring of a near-perfect automated system. Background Research rarely attempts to assess performance, trust, and visual attention in near-perfect automated systems even though they will be relied on in high-stakes environments. Methods Seventy-three participants completed a 40-min supervisory control task where they monitored three search feeds. All search feeds were 100% reliable with the exception of two automation failures: one miss and one false alarm. Eye-tracking and subjective trust data were collected. Results Thirty-four percent of participants correctly identified the automation miss, and 67% correctly identified the automation false alarm. Subjective trust increased when participants did not detect the automation failures and decreased when they did. Participants who detected the false alarm had a more complex scan pattern in the 2 min centered around the automation failure compared with those who did not. Additionally, those who detected the failures had longer dwell times in and transitioned to the center sensor feed significantly more often. Conclusion Not only does this work highlight the limitations of the human when monitoring near-perfect automated systems, it begins to quantify the subjective experience and attentional cost of the human. It further emphasizes the need to (1) reevaluate the role of the operator in future high-stakes environments and (2) understand the human on an individual level and actively design for the given individual when working with near-perfect automated systems. Application Multiple operator-level measures should be collected in real-time in order to monitor an operator’s state and leverage real-time, individualized assistance.

scholarly journals Delayed negative effects of prosocial spending on happiness

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 6463-6468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Falk ◽  
Thomas Graeber
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Prosocial Spending ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Random Variation

Does prosocial behavior promote happiness? We test this longstanding hypothesis in a behavioral experiment that extends the scope of previous research. In our Saving a Life paradigm, every participant either saved one human life in expectation by triggering a targeted donation of 350 euros or received an amount of 100 euros. Using a choice paradigm between two binary lotteries with different chances of saving a life, we observed subjects’ intentions at the same time as creating random variation in prosocial outcomes. We repeatedly measured happiness at various delays. Our data weakly replicate the positive effect identified in previous research but only for the very short run. One month later, the sign of the effect reversed, and prosocial behavior led to significantly lower happiness than obtaining the money. Notably, even those subjects who chose prosocially were ultimately happier if they ended up getting the money for themselves. Our findings revealed a more nuanced causal relationship than previously suggested, providing an explanation for the apparent absence of universal prosocial behavior.

scholarly journals Environmental noise, its types and effects on health

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Noise can be defined as an undesirable sound that pollutes the environment. If noise is continuous and exceeds certain levels, negative effects on health can be observed. In recent years, the impact of environmental noise (road traffic noise, railway traffic noise, air traffic noise and industrial noise) on human health has come under increasingly intense scrutiny. Noise can cause a number of negative effects on health that directly or indirectly affect humans. The occurrence of some certain and harmful health effects drives the onset of others and may contribute to the development of various diseases. Health is not only a state of physical well-being, but also mental well-being. Mental health primarily depends on the quality of life, which can be affected by various environmental factors, such as noise. An important aspect of fighting noise is the most effective protection of the population by avoiding sources of noise and reducing it. This can be achieved by introducing new technical solutions and new technologies, including devices that generate less noise. Another important measure is educating the society and influencing the change of individual and collective behavior, which may contribute to reducing the harmful factor, which is noise in human life, and minimize the resulting negative effects on health.

scholarly journals Integrated Real Time Image Processing In Robotic Automation Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
İsmail Atalay ◽  
Oğuz Alper İsen ◽  
Emin Cantez ◽  
Serkan Aydın ◽  
Onur Akyel
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Video Processing ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Real Time Image ◽  
Robotic Automation ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Automation Line ◽  
Product Control

Robotic automation systems includes higher production rates and increased productivity, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety, and reduced factory lead times. Higher output and increased productivity have been two of the biggest reasons in justifying the use of automation. Despite the claims of high quality from good workmanship by humans, automated systems typically perform the manufacturing process with less variability than human workers, resulting in greater control and consistency of product quality. Also, increased process control makes more efficient use of materials, resulting in less scrap. Despite all these advantages, the final product control is still carried out by workers. In this study, it is planned to prevent quality problems with a video processing that integrates with the robotic automation line in order to solve the final quality problem. This system, which controls the movements of the worker in the predetermined motion routes with the signals coming from the line. It aims to ensure that the products going to the customer are completely error free.

scholarly journals The Appraisal System in Greenpeace Food Campaigns

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Fitri Faoziah ◽  
Untung Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Governmental Organization

Since food is a necessity for human life, there have been many innovations aimed at speeding up food production. However, these innovations can have negative effects on the environment and, thus, the overall food system. Greenpeace, a non-governmental organization, creates food campaigns that include online materials touting a better food system, naming bad corporations, and asking readers or supporters to join the campaigns. This study analyzes Greenpeace’s attitude in evaluating the environment using Halliday and Matthiessen’s transitivity system and Martin and White’s appraisal framework. The research was conducted using UAM CorpusTool software to perform a quantitative analysis of the data in terms of transitivity and appraisal. The results show that Greenpeace’s food campaigns contain judgments as the most frequent appraisal in material clauses and relational clauses. These judgments concern how entities, processes, and innovations affect the environment.

scholarly journals METHOD OF EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL SECURITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATION OF WARRANTY AUTOMATED SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hennadii Hulak
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Systems Of Linear Equations ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The components of ensuring the warranty of automated systems, which are subject to increased requirements in connection with their use in many sensitive areas of public activity, including national security and defense, critical industrial technologies, energy and communications, banking, environmental protection , technologies of legitimate distance learning, etc. Certain components can significantly affect the quality and reliability of information services in regulatory conditions. In particular, the special role of the functional security of the cryptographic subsystem in terms of supporting the performance of the automated system for its tasks and functions in general, as well as in terms of ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of information. The components of the cryptographic subsystem have been identified, the poor or incorrect operation of which negatively affects the security of these subsystems. The types of the most dangerous attacks on these subsystems are analyzed, their classification from the point of view of possibility of realization in modern scientific and technical conditions and depending on capacity of available computing means and technologies on the basis of which the most real and dangerous variant of realization of remote attacks on software implementation of cryptographic subsystem is defined. . Based on the analysis, a method for evaluating the quality of cryptographic transformations based on a modified algorithm for solving the problem of finding solutions of systems of linear equations with distorted right-hand parts using the so-called decoding based on "lists" of first-order "shortened" Reed-Muller codes is proved. the correctness of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Machine Learning for Landslides Prevention: A Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjing Ma ◽  
Gang Mei
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Landslides are one of the most critical categories of natural disasters worldwide and induce severely destructive outcomes to human life and the overall economic system. To reduce its negative effects, landslides prevention has become an urgent task, which includes investigating landslide-related information and predicting potential landslides. Machine learning is a state-of-the-art analytics tool that has been widely used in landslides prevention. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of relevant research on machine learning applied in landslides prevention, mainly focusing on (1) landslides detection based on images, (2) landslides susceptibility assessment, and (3) the development of landslide warning systems. Moreover, this paper discusses the current challenges and potential opportunities in the application of machine learning algorithms for landslides prevention.

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