scholarly journals Exogenous calcium modulates the activity of adenylate cyclases in potato plants under biotic stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
N. V. Filinova ◽  
L. A. Lomovatskaya ◽  
A. S. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Exogenous Calcium

Abstract: This article aims to study the influence of different concentrations of calcium ions on the activity of transmembrane (tmAC) and soluble forms of adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in the cells of roots and stems of the plants of two types of potatoes. It compares and contrasts their stability to the agent of the annular rot Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. Sepedonicus (Cms) when exposed to its exopolysaccharides. The experimental results have shown that the reaction of tmAC from the roots and stems to exogenous Ca2+ was almost opposite in the plants of both types. In the root cells of the plants of the resistant types, 1 and 10 mM of Ca2+ have activated tmAC in a very intensive way. In the stem, the average concentrations of Ca2+ inhibited the tmAC activity, while the highest, 1 and 10 mM, did not affect it. the activity of tmAC taken from the root cells of the receptive type of plants was not activated significantly by the increased concentrations of Ca2+, whereas, in the stems, all the concentrations of Ca2+, tmAC activity increased substantially starting with 1 μM. Thus, the unequal reaction of adenylate cyclases of the potato plants of both types to different concentrations of exogenous calcium, testifies, most likely, the presence of several isoform of this ferment that differ in the sensitivity to calcium ions. At the same time, it is possible that the plants of both types may also differ in the spectrum of such isoforms. Since the influence of Cms exopolysaccharides significantly changes the sensitivity to the calcium ions of both forms of adenylate cyclases in the cells of plants of both types, it can be assumed that this feature is one of the mechanisms of these plants’ resistance to the pathogen.

Isolated flagellar apparatus of Chlamydomonas: characterization of forward swimming and alteration of waveform and reversal of motion by calcium ions in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Hyams ◽  
G.G. Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Relationship Of

The control of flagellar activity in the biflagellate green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated by the in vitro reactivation of the isolated flagellar apparatus (the 2 flagella attached to their respective basal bodies plus accessory structures). The waveform and beat frequency of the isolated apparatus in the presence of 1 mM adenosine triphophate (ATP) were comparable to those recorded for living cells. Equimolar concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) could be substituted for ATP with little change in beat frequency and no apparent change in waveform, suggesting that the latter is converted to ATP by axonemal adenylate kinase. No reactivation occurred in adenosine monophosphate (AMP). But frequencies in cytidine, guanosine and uridine triphosphates (CTP, GTP and UTP) were approximately 10% that obtained in ATP. Reactivation was optimal over a broad pH range between pH 6.4 and pH 8.9 in both APT and ADP. Isolated flagellar apparatus could be induced to change from forward to reverse motion in vitro by manipulation of exogenous calcium ions. The 2 types of motion were directly comparable to recorded responses of living cells. Forward swimming occurred at levels of calcium below 10(−6)M, the isolated apparatus changing to backward motion above this level. Motility was inhibited at concentrations above 10(−3)M. The threshold for reversal of motion by calcium was lowered to 10(−7)M when the flagellar membranes were solubilized with detergent, indicating that the flagellar membranes are involved in the regulaion of the level of calcium within the axoneme. The reversal of motion by calcium was itself freely reversible. The relationship of these observations to the known tactic responses of Chlamydomonas is discussed.

Antagonistic interactive effects of exogenous calcium ions and parasiticCuscuta australison the morphology and structure ofAlternanthera philoxeroidesstems

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2695-2702
Author(s):  
车秀霞 CHE Xiuxia ◽  
陈惠萍 CHEN Huiping ◽  
严巧娣 YAN Qiaodi ◽  
李永慧 LI Yonghui ◽  
杨蓓芬 YANG Beifen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Exogenous Calcium

scholarly journals Interactive physiological response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants to fungal colonization and Potato virus Y (PVY) infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Thiem ◽  
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska ◽  
Christel Baum ◽  
Katja Muders ◽  
Katarzyna Niedojadło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
The Impact

Potato plants can be colonized by various viruses and by symbiotic, saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. However, the significance of interactions of viral infection and fungal colonization is hardly known. This work presents a model experiment in which the influence of three different types of fungal associations on the growth and physiology of the potato variety Pirol was tested individually or in combination with infection by PVY. It was hypothesized that simultaneous viral and fungal infections increase the biotic stress of the host plant, but mutualistic plant-fungal associations can mask the impact of viral infection. In the present study, a symbiotic arbsucular mycorrhizal fungus, <em>Glomus intraradices</em>, significantly stimulated the growth of plants infected with PVY. In contrast, two saprophytic <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. strains either did not influence or even inhibited the growth of PVY-infected plants. Also, inoculation of PVY-infected potato plants with a pathogenic strain of <em>Colletotrichum coccodes</em> did not inhibit the plant growth. Growth of the PVY-free potato plants was not promoted by the symbiotic fungus, whereas <em>T. viride</em>, <em>T. harzianum</em> and <em>C. coccodes</em> had an evident inhibitory effect. The strongest growth inhibition and highest concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, as an indicator of biotic stress, was observed in PVY-free potato plants inoculated with <em>T. harzianum</em> and <em>C. coccodes</em> strains. Surprisingly, ultrastructural analysis of PVY-infected plant roots colonized by <em>G. intraradices</em> showed virus-like structures in the arbuscules. This pointed to the possibility of mycorrhizal-mediated transmission of virus particles and has to be further examined by testing with immunoassays and real transmission to uninfected plants. In conclusion, although mycorrhiza formation might decrease the impact of PVY infection on plants, a possible role of mycorrhizal fungi as virus vectors is discussed.

scholarly journals Exogenous Calcium Ions Enhance Patulin Adsorption Capability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
YING LUO ◽  
XIAOJIAO LIU ◽  
YUAN LIU ◽  
YANQING HAN ◽  
JIANKE LI
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Adsorption Capability

ABSTRACT Patulin contamination is a serious issue that restricts the development of the global fruit processing industry. Yeasts adsorb patulin more effectively than other microbial adsorbents, and this adsorption process depends mainly on the function of the cell wall. The present study examined the effect of exogenous calcium, in concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mol/L, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall structure and on patulin adsorption capability; the patulin adsorption capability of yeast was found to strengthen with an increase in exogenous calcium concentrations from 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−2 mol/L. Moreover, yeast cell wall thickness, β-1,3-glucan content, and the activities of the key catalytic enzymes β-1,3-glucanase and β-1,3-glycosyl transferase were all increased within this range. The results indicate that exogenous calcium activates key enzymes that are crucial for cell wall network formation and patulin adsorption capability.

scholarly journals Reduction of Fouling and Scaling by Calcium Ions on an UF Membrane Surface for an Enhanced Water Pre-Treatment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Marina Prisciandaro ◽  
Valentina Innocenzi ◽  
Francesco Tortora ◽  
Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Induction Times

The control of fouling and scaling on heat and mass transfer surfaces is of major importance in processes as superficial water treatments, since it also improves the efficiency of the whole process from an energy saving point of view. The aim of the paper is to present the experimental results obtained in the inhibition of the fouling and scaling by calcium ions on an ultrafiltration membrane surface, by using citric acid as an additive. The last is an environmentally friendly additive−a so-called “green additive”, which may represent a reliable alternative to phosphorous and nitrogen based compounds typically used as inhibitors, since it has the characteristics of being non-toxic, non-bio accumulating, and biodegradable. The experimental plant is made of a tangential flow system on a lab scale equipped with a flat sheet ultrafiltration polymeric membrane, whose cut-off is 650 nm. In the first series of experiments, the effect of water hardness and its fouling effect due to calcium ions on membrane permeability has been measured in the range of potable waters. Then, the scaling effect of high calcium concentration in solution (supersaturated conditions) has been quantified by measuring the increase in weight of the membrane, with and without the addition of citric acid as an additive; moreover, the retarding effect of citric acid has been evaluated through the measurement of the induction times for the nucleation of calcium sulfate dihydrate (used as model scalant for fouling). Experiments have been carried out at two different supersaturation ratios (S = 2.25–2.60), at room temperature, in the absence of any additive, and with a citric acid concentration varying in the range 0.01 to 0.50 g/L. Experimental results have shown that the addition of citric acid in solution delays the induction times for gypsum crystals nucleation; moreover, it mitigates the phenomenon of membrane fouling and reduces the pressure drops by allowing an acceptable permeate flow for a longer duration.

Complex effects of selenium-arabinogalactan nanocomposite on both phytopathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and potato plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Papkina ◽  
A. I. Perfileva ◽  
M. A. Zhivet’yev ◽  
G. B. Borovskii ◽  
I. A. Graskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp

scholarly journals Effect of the potato virus PVS0 as a biotic stress factor in plants of Siberian potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L) on the level of soluble peroxidase enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
I.V. Kirgizova ◽  
◽  
S.B. Chachina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Soluble Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Enzymes

. Currently, domestic potato varieties are affected by phytopathogenic viral infections, which lead to a decrease in yield up to 80%, therefore. Therefore, it is relevant to study the system of protecting potato plants from biotic environmental factors. The aim of the work is to study the levels of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase in response to the effect of the viral infection PVS, which is the least studied and widespread infection in Western Siberia

Effect of exogenous calcium ions on the parasitic effects ofCuscuta australison the invasive plantAlternanthera philoxeroides

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
陈惠萍 CHEN HuiPing ◽  
车秀霞 CHE XiuXia ◽  
严巧娣 YAN QiaoDi ◽  
李钧敏 LI JunMin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Parasitic Effects
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