scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TB DRUGS AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Vasilyeva ◽  
◽  
A. G. Samoylova ◽  
O. V. Lovacheva ◽  
L. N. Chernousovа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

scholarly journals Clinical and drug resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii infections in 76 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052096229
Author(s):  
Jiachang Liu ◽  
Ruikai Wang ◽  
Ming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Providencia Stuartii

Objectives To investigate the clinical and drug resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii infections in the Huainan region of Anhui and provide a reference for the clinical selection of antimicrobial agents. Methods This single-center retrospective analysis included 76 patients with P. stuartii infection in Huainan during the period from October 2018 to March 2020. The hospital department in which the patients were treated and the drug susceptibility characteristics of the P. stuartii isolates were recorded. Results Among the 76 patients, the lung was the most common site of infection, and intensive care unit was the main hospital department. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase screening revealed expression by all 76 isolates of P. stuartii. Of the 76 isolates, 92.1% exhibited multiple drug resistance or extensive drug resistance. P. stuartii isolates were sensitive to cefepime and imipenem, but not to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Twenty isolates were resistant to all 21 types of antibiotics. Of the 20 patients infected with extensively drug-resistant isolates, nine (45%) died. Conclusions Drug resistance is increasing in P. stuartii. The antimicrobial agent imipenem may be effective for treatment of P. stuartii infections. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and fourth-generation cephalosporins are suitable options for antibiotic therapy.

Nanoantibiotics: A Novel Rational Approach to Antibiotic Resistant Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 720-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Basak Engin ◽  
Atilla Engin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Background: The main drawbacks for using conventional antimicrobial agents are the development of multiple drug resistance due to the use of high concentrations of antibiotics for extended periods. This vicious cycle often generates complications of persistent infections, and intolerable antibiotic toxicity. The problem is that while all new discovered antimicrobials are effective and promising, they remain as only short-term solutions to the overall challenge of drug-resistant bacteria. Objective: Recently, nanoantibiotics (nAbts) have been of tremendous interest in overcoming the drug resistance developed by several pathogenic microorganisms against most of the commonly used antibiotics. Compared with free antibiotic at the same concentration, drug delivered via a nanoparticle carrier has a much more prominent inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, and drug toxicity, along with prolonged drug release. Additionally, multiple drugs or antimicrobials can be packaged within the same smart polymer which can be designed with stimuli-responsive linkers. These stimuli-responsive nAbts open up the possibility of creating multipurpose and targeted antimicrobials. Biofilm formation still remains the leading cause of conventional antibiotic treatment failure. In contrast to conventional antibiotics nAbts easily penetrate into the biofilm, and selectively target biofilm matrix constituents through the introduction of bacteria specific ligands. In this context, various nanoparticles can be stabilized and functionalized with conventional antibiotics. These composites have a largely enhanced bactericidal efficiency compared to the free antibiotic. Conclusion: Nanoparticle-based carriers deliver antibiotics with better biofilm penetration and lower toxicity, thus combating bacterial resistance. However, the successful adaptation of nanoformulations to clinical practice involves a detailed assessment of their safety profiles and potential immunotoxicity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical isolates from South Africa and Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver T. Zishiri ◽  
Nelisiwe Mkhize ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Salmonellosis is a significant public health concern around the world. The injudicious use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production for treatment, growth promotion and prophylaxis has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes from Salmonella isolated from South African and Brazilian broiler chickens as well as human clinical isolates. Out of a total of 200 chicken samples that were collected from South Africa 102 (51%) tested positive for Salmonella using the InvA gene. Of the overall 146 Salmonella positive samples that were screened for the iroB gene most of them were confirmed to be Salmonella enterica with the following prevalence rates: 85% of human clinical samples, 68.6% of South African chicken isolates and 70.8% of Brazilian chicken samples. All Salmonella isolates obtained were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with 10 antibiotics. Salmonella isolates from South African chickens exhibited resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents used, such as tetracycline (93%), trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (84%), trimethoprim (78.4%), kanamycin (74%), gentamicin (48%), ampicillin (47%), amoxicillin (31%), chloramphenicol (31%), erythromycin (18%) and streptomycin (12%). All samples were further subjected to PCR in order to screen some common antimicrobial and virulence genes of interest namely spiC, pipD, misL, orfL, pse-1, tet A, tet B, ant (3")-la, sul 1 and sul. All Salmonella positive isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent; however, antimicrobial resistance patterns demonstrated that multiple drug resistance was prevalent. The findings provide evidence that broiler chickens are colonised by pathogenic Salmonella harbouring antimicrobial resistance genes. Therefore, it is evident that there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems in order to mitigate the proliferation of multiple drug resistance across species.Keywords: Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; chicken; human; susceptibility; virulence gene

OP115 Effect Of Multiple Drug Resistance On Costs For Patients With Intra-Abdominal Infections in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhen ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Yixi Chen ◽  
Peng Dong ◽  
Stephanie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION:Multiple drug resistance (MDR) intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are associated with noteworthy direct and societal costs. Compared to previous studies, the present one takes both resistance rate and total medical costs (TMCs) into consideration, focusing on the impact of MDR on TMCs in IAIs, as well as further estimating the additional costs at a national level.METHODS:All inpatients discharged between 1 January 2014, and 31 December 2015 from a teaching hospital were included. Due to limits in budget and the large number of inpatients, the randombetween (bottom, top) function was applied to randomly select 40 percent of patients per year. Subsequently, we manually screened out 254 patients with IAIs, according to the International Classification of Disease (tenth revision) and electronic medical records. Eventually, 101 IAIs patients were included, in which 37 were infected by non-MDR bacteria and 64 by MDR bacteria. The Kruskal-wallis non-parametric test and multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the effect of single and multiple variables on TMCs.RESULTS:Compared to patients with non-MDR infections, those with MDR were associated with significantly higher TMCs, higher antimicrobial costs, increased insurance, combination antimicrobial therapy, higher usage of antimicrobial agents, greater number of pathogens, longer length of stay, and longer intensive care unit stays. In addition, the average TMCs among patients with MDR were CNY131,801.17 (1USD was equal to CNY 6.227 in 2015), which were CNY 90,200.99 higher than those with non-MDR infections. If our results are generalizable to the whole country, the total attributable TMCs are estimated to be CNY37.06 billion, and the societal costs of CNY111.18 billion in 2015.CONCLUSIONS:This real-world data analysis demonstrated the significant excessive burden MDR infections are posing to the current Chinese healthcare system in terms of both TMCs and healthcare resource utilization. Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship in China is necessary to curb the distribution of MDR bacteria.

scholarly journals PATTERN AND DRUG SENSITIVITY OF NON-SPECIFIC BACTERIAL POPULATION IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
A. V. LАVRINENKO ◽  
◽  
I. S. АZIZOV ◽  
S. I. KOLESNICHENKO ◽  
M. T. KOZHАMURАTOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

scholarly journals HIV infection and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis: the frequency of co-infection and treatment efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
O. V. Filinyuk ◽  
A. S. Alliluev ◽  
D. E. Аmichba ◽  
P. N. Golubchikov ◽  
Yu. S. Popelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Hiv Negative

The objective of the study: in Tomsk Region, to establish the frequency of multiple drug resistance (MDR) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in new tuberculosis patients with the reference to their HIV status and to assess their treatment outcomes.Subjects and methods. The presented results were obtained from a retrospective cohort study of 788 new tuberculosis patients who were registered for MDR TB treatment at Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center from January 2017 to April 2019.Results. In Tomsk Region, the level of primary MDR reaches 31.3% in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, while in HIV negative tuberculosis patients, this rate is 24.2%. The incidence of primary MDR/XDR MTB reaches 40% among deceased patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment efficacy in MDR/XDR TB patients with associated HIV infection is low – the effective treatment was achieved only in 7.3% of them. In general (excluding the data on MTB drug resistance and antiretroviral therapy), treatment efficacy of tuberculosis patients with HIV infection is significantly lower versus HIV negative tuberculosis patients: 37.7% and 61.9%, respectively, OR 0.38 [0.28; 0.50], p = 0.001.

scholarly journals Bacteremia in Ibn Al-Baladi hospital in Baghdad; Incidence etiology and antibiotic resistance of pathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

60 cases of Bacteremia were documented at Ibn Al-Baladi hospital during 6 months (1-1-2002 to 1-7-2002), with an incidence of 5.2 were gram-negative organisms and most common one was Salmonella and Klebsiella. Incidence was significantly higher in male than female .Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that isolated bacteria are with multiple drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Salmonella showed high resistance to cephaloxin, co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin and also Klebsiella showed resistance to cephaloxin and amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chest X-Ray Assessment in Multi-Drug Resistance to Drug- Sensitive Tuberculosis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Sari Afiah Miyuki Rifani ◽  
Zen Ahmad ◽  
M. Yusri ◽  
Erial Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

Introduction. Indonesia ranks third in tuberculosis cases, with 23,000 new dualdrug-resistant tuberculosis patients. The delay in predicting tuberculosis resistanceoccurs because sputum tools are not yet available. This study aimed to determinethe differences in chest x-rays for drug-sensitive multiple drug-resistanttuberculosis in Palembang. Method. A case-control design to compare theradiological characteristics of multiple drug resistance with drug-sensitive atPalembang during January-July 2020. One hundred thirty-eight patients consistedof cases of drug-sensitive tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis basedon the rapid molecular test that met the inclusion criteria, analyzed forposteroanterior chest X-rays by a radiologist without knowing the diagnosis—comparative chi-square using SPSS 22. Result. Multidrug resistance tuberculosishad more extensive or moderate lesions than drug-sensitive tuberculosis 89.8% vs72.4%. The multidrug-resistant group has more infiltrate detected, namely 84.1% vs69.6% and cavity 37.6% vs 30.4%. Atelectasis and pleural effusion are common indrug-resistant tuberculosis. Bivariate analysis showed that multidrug-resistanttuberculosis lesion infiltrates compared to drug-sensitive tuberculosis with p =0.025; OR 2,6 (CI 95% 1,1-6,0) sensitivity 85.5%, specificity 30.4%. Multivariateanalysis showed the presence of infiltrates p = 0.028; OR 2.58 (CI 95% 1.1-6.003).Consolidation, nodules, cavities, fibrosis, atelectasis, pleural effusion were notsignificant differences in the two groups. Conclusion. Multidrug-resistanttuberculosis has a more expansive lesion, the presence of infiltrates and cavities thatis more dominant than drug-sensitive tuberculosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document