The effect of immunomodulators on various markers of the acute inflammation phase in patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia

The objective: to study the effect of immunomodulators on markers of the acute inflammation phase in patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Subjects and methods. Patients (n = 64) with mild CAP (39.62 ± 9.82 years, CRB – 650.15 ± 0.04 scores) were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (control) received only standard CAP therapy; in the other two groups, immunomodulators were prescribed simultaneously with standard therapy: in Group 2 – bacterial lysate (BL), in Group 3 – azoximer bromide (AB). In the patients, the blood levels of IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactoferrin were tested before treatment (day 1), and on days 13 and 60 of observation.Results. The initial levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and lactoferrin in the patients were statistically significantly higher above normal ones. A significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP was found in all patients on the 13th and 60th days of observation compared to the 1st day, the maximum reduction was observed in the patients receiving immunomodulators. The biggest decrease in the level of lactoferrin on the 60th day of observation was noted in the group of patients taking BL. The changes in the rate of TNF-α and IL-6 levels decrease on the 13th and 60th days were also statistically significantly more pronounced (compared to the control group). The changes in the rate of decreasing from the baseline on the 13th and 60th days in TNF-α in the BL Group made 44 [-64; -32]% and 85 [-89; -82]%; in the AB Group – 28 [-40; -20]% and 82 [-86; -80]%; in IL-6 in the BL group – 32 [-40; -18]% and 86 [-90; -85]%, in the AB group – 45 [-53; -38]% and 86 [-88; -84]%. In the control group, this parameter for TNF-α was 18 [-32; -8]% and 64 [-78; -56]%, for IL-6 – 11 [-20; -1]% and 75 [-81; -74]%.Conclusion. The addition of immunomodulators (BL, AB) to the therapy of patients with mild CAP results in statistically significant decrease in the blood levels of biomarkers of the acute inflammation phase on the 13th and 60th days.

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Fever as a predictor of adverse outcomes in COVID-19

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N W Chew ◽

J N Ngiam ◽

S M Tham ◽

Z Y Lim ◽

T Y W Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

End Point ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Design And Methods ◽

Group 1

Summary Background/Introduction There are little data on outcomes of COVID-19 patients with the presence of fever compared to the presence of symptoms. Aim We examined the associations between symptomology, presence of fever and outcomes of a COVID-19 cohort. Design and Methods Between 23 January and 30 April 2020, 554 COVID-19 patients were admitted to a tertiary hospital in Singapore. They were allocated into four groups based on symptomology and fever—Group 1: asymptomatic and afebrile, Group 2: symptomatic but afebrile, Group 3: febrile but asymptomatic and Group 4: symptomatic and febrile. The primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality. The composite end-point included ICU admissions, mortality or any COVID-19 related end-organ involvement. Results There were differences in ferritin (P=0.003), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P<0.001) and lymphopenia (P=0.033) across all groups, with the most favourable biochemical profile in Group 1, and the least in Group 4. Symptomatic groups (Groups 2 and 4) had higher ICU admissions (1.9% and 6.0%, respectively, P=0.003) than asymptomatic groups (Groups 1 and 3). Composite end-point was highest in Group 4 (24.0%), followed by Group 3 (8.6%), Group 2 (4.8%) and Group 1 (2.4%) (P<0.001). The presence of fever (OR 4.096, 95% CI 1.737–9.656, P=0.001) was associated with the composite end-point after adjusting for age, pulse rate, comorbidities, lymphocyte, ferritin and CRP. Presence of symptoms was not associated with the composite end-point. Discussion/Conclusion In this COVID-19 cohort, presence of fever was a predictor of adverse outcomes. This has implications on the management of febrile but asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.

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Anaesthesia and the Acute Phase Protein Response in Children Undergoing Circumcision

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/mi.2005.312 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (5) ◽

pp. 312-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Unase Buyukkocak ◽

Fatma Caglayan ◽

Osman Caglayan ◽

Murat Basar ◽

Murat Cakmak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anaesthesia ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Protein Response ◽

Group 1

Concentrations of acute phase proteins (CRP: C-reactive protein, albumin) change during surgery. We investigated the acute phase response to circumcision and the effects of anaesthesia on this response. The children were divided into four groups; group 1 (intratracheal general anaesthesia,n=40), group 2 (general anaesthesia with mask,n=20), group 3 (ketamine,n=20), group 4 (local anaesthesia,n=35). Blood samples were obtained, 24 hours before circumcision, after premedication, and 24 hours after circumcision. CRP and albumin before circumcision were comparable for all groups. There was no increase in CRP, and albumin remained steady throughout the study. No difference was observed among the groups, and related to anaesthesia. No responsiveness may be explained with the size of injured tissue or anatomical and histological type of preputium.

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Iron metabolism, cytokine secretion in patients with rheumatologic pathology

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-9-10-691-698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 98 (9-10) ◽

pp. 691-698

Author(s):

V. T. Sakhin ◽

E. V. Kryukov ◽

M. A. Grigoryev ◽

S. P. Kazakov ◽

A. V. Sotnikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Metabolism ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Control Group ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Aim. To study the eff ect of hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR ), and cytokines on iron metabolism and the development of anemia in rheumatologic patients, to propose a working version of the classifi cation of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) according to the major nosotropic factor.Material and methods. 126 patients with rheumatic disease, 34 men (45.8 (36–54.9) years old), 92 women (49.5 (38–60) years old) were examined. Group 1 included 41 patients with ACD. Group 2 included 29 patients with the combination of ACD and IDA and 34 patients with iron defi ciency anemia (IDA). Group 3 included 34 patients with IDA and 29 — with the combination of ACD and IDA. Control group included 22 patients without anemia. Comparative analysis between groups with and without anemia and correlation analysis of hemogram parameters, iron metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP), hepcidin, sTfR , interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-10, interferon gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were performed.Results. In the ACD group, the concentrations of hepcidin, ferritin, CRP, IL-6 were increased in comparison with other groups. The correlation was revealed between erythrocytes, hemoglobin and IL-6 (r = −0.3 and −0.6), IL-10 (r = −0.4 and −0.4), INF-γ (r = −0.4 and −0.3), TNF-α (r = −0.3 and −0.3), hepcidin (r = −0.5 and −0.7), sTfR (r = −0.5 and −0.7). Dependence was shown between IL-6 and iron (r = –0.6), transferrin saturation index (TSI) (r = −0.5), ferritin (r = −0.5), CRP (r = 0.5), between TNF-α and TIBС (r = −0.6), transferrin (r = −0.6), ferritin (r = −0.7), between IL-1β and TIBC, ferritin, transferrin (r = −0.4). The correlation was noted between hepcidin and IL-6 (r = 0.5), IL-10 (r = 0.4), between sTfR and IL-6 (r = 0.4), IL-10 (r = 0.6), INF-γ (r = 0.4).Conclusion. The multicomponent genesis of anemia in patients with rheumatologic disease was detected. The signifi cance of disorders in iron metabolism, the eff ect of hepcidin, sTfR and cytokines on the development of anemia was found. A working version of ACD classifi cation (with a predominant iron defi ciency, with violations of the regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis, with insuffi cient production of erythropoietin) has been put forward.

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Benefits of Treatment With Favipiravir in Hospitalized Patients for COVID-19: a Retrospective Observational Case-control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-175340/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anıl Uçan ◽

Pamir Çerçi ◽

Serdar Efe ◽

Hakan Akgün ◽

Ahmet Özmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Study Results ◽

New Finding ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Control Study ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background: Although more than a year past since COVID-19 was defined, there is no specific treatment yet. Since COVID-19 management differs over time, it is hard to determine which therapy is more efficacious. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the regimen with Favipiravir (FPV) and determine if the timing of FPV addition offers any improvement. Methods: A retrospective observational case-controlled cohort study was performed between March and Sep-tember 2020, including adults with COVID-19 in a single-center in Turkey. We categorized patients into age-sex matched three groups, group 1 (n=48) and group 2 (n=48) included patients treated with the combination of FPV plus Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) early and late, respectively. Group 3 (n=48) consisted of patients on HQ monot-herapy. In Group 2, if the respiratory or clinic condition had not improved sufficiently, FPV was added on or after day 3. Results: We found that starting FPV early had an impact on PCR negativity and the progression of the disease. 'No progression' was defined as the absence of a new finding in the control radiological examination and the absence of accompanying clinical deterioration. Also, the decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) was greater in Group 1 than Group 3 (p <0.001). However, we found that early initiation of FPV treatment did not have a posi-tive effect on the estimated survival time. Conclusions: According to this retrospective study results, we believe that for better clinical outcomes, FPV treatment should be started promptly to enhance antiviral effects and improve clinical outcomes.

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Experience of using heliox in the treatment of viral pneumonia in COVID-19

MedAlliance ◽

10.36422/23076348-2021-9-2-8-14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 8-14

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Viral Pneumonia ◽

P Value ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Helium Mixture ◽

Ct Data ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

SummaryIntroduction. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, finding new treatments is an extremely important issue. The effectiveness of heliox was previously demonstrated in the complex treatment of patients with various bron-chopulmonary pathologies. Therefore, this method has been recommended for the treatment of pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Purpose. To study the safety and efficacy of inhaled heliox therapy in the treatment of pneumonia in COVID-19. Materials and methods. A sing-le-center prospective study was carried out for the period from 01.12.2020 to 15.02.2021. The study included 91 pa-tients. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (using heliox) included 46 people, and group 2 (con-trol) — 45. Inhalations of a heated oxygen-helium mixture heliox (70% helium, 30% oxygen) were carried out using “Ingalit-B2-01” inhaler. Objective (saturation, O2 flow) and laboratory parameters (lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein), as well as chest organs CT data were studied. Differences between groups were determined using the χ2 test, as well as the Mann–Whitney U-test. The p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results. In group 1, side effects developed in 5 (11.3%) patients. These patients refused to further participate in the study. Final number of patients in group 1 — 41. Among patients of group 1, there was a tendency towards a more rapid normalization of lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein, as well as a decrease in oxygen dependence. In group 1, according to CT data, no progression of pneumonia was recorded. In group 2, progression was observed in 6 (13.3%) patients. The overall effectiveness of treatment among patients in group 1 was 100%, among patients in group 2 — 86.7%. The differences between the groups are statistically sig-nificant (p=0.02). Conclusion. The use of inhalations with a heated oxygen-helium mixture heliox (30% oxygen, 70% helium) has shown its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of viral pneumonia (CT1- 2) associated with COVID-19.

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Postoperative Morphine Use and Hyperalgesia Are Reduced by Preoperative but Not Intraoperative Epidural Analgesia

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200306000-00023 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1449-1460 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Joel Katz ◽

Lorenzo Cohen ◽

Roger Schmid ◽

Vincent W.S. Chan ◽

Adarose Wowk

Keyword(s):

Morphine Consumption ◽

Gynecologic Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Epidural Administration ◽

Blinded Manner ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Double Blinded ◽

Postoperative Morphine ◽

Group 1

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control. Methods Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Results One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P < 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg). Conclusions Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group to avoid the problems of interpretation that arise when two-group studies of preemptive analgesia (preincisional vs. postsurgery) fail to find the anticipated effects.

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Antioxidant Effect of MnTE-2-PyP on Lung in Asthma Mice Model

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/379360 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lyudmil Terziev ◽

Violeta Dancheva ◽

Veneta Shopova ◽

Galya Stavreva

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Control Group ◽

Mice Model ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Group 4 ◽

Antioxidant Defence System ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. To investigate the effects of MnTE-2-PyP on some markers of antioxidant defence system in asthma mice model.Material and Methods. The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin, group 3, treated with MnTE-2-PyP, and group 4, treated with ovalbumin and MnTE-2-PyP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content (NPSH) were determined in lung homogenate.Results. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in group 2 decreased significantly as compared to control group. The decrease of the same enzymes in group 4 was lower and significant as compared to group 2. Changes in the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a similar dynamics. The NPSH groups content decreased in group 2. In group 4 this decrease was relatively lower as compared to group 2.Conclusions. The application of MnTE-2-PyP mitigated the effects of oxidative stress in asthma mice model.

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Pengaruh Monoklonal Antibodi Bovine Zona Pelusida 3 (bZP3) terhadap Diameter dan Atresia Folikel Ovarium Mencit (Mus musculus)

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v24i12016.37-42 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Annisa Trissatharra ◽

Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽

Ratna Sofaria Munir

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Ovarian Follicles ◽

Observation Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: To identify the effect of monoclonal antibody bZP3 at ovarian follicles that undergo atresia and diameter of various ovarian follicles.Materials and Methods: This is a true experimental research with post only control group design. Samples were 36 female mices (Mus musculus) which is divided into 6 groups, there are 3 control groups (group 1, 2, and 3) injected by Phospatase Buffer Saline (PBS) 50µl and 3 treatment groups (group 4, 5, and 6) injected by Mab bZP3 50µl. Group 1 and 4 terminated at 5th day, group 2 and 5 terminated at 10th day, and group 3 and 6 terminated at 20th day. Evaluation of atretic ovarian follicles and diameter of ovarian follicles performed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) and the data processed by parametric statistic.Results: There are no significant in different among groups in the aspect of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles (p>0.05), but descriptively, number of follicles undergo atresia of the follicle primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment group was higher than the control group, except on the 20th day of observation time.Conclusion: administration of Mab bZP3 had no effect to amount of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles during observation time.

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Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 280-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julietpoornamathy J ◽

Parameswari C.S.

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Insight Into ◽

Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats. A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

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Plasma Level of High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Arterial Hypertension

Archive of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.21802/acm.2017.1.7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wael Rumaneh

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Plasma Level ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Ventricular Remodeling ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

Arterial hypertension is an independent predictor of acute myocardial infarction. Nowadays, plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein is a marker of cardiovascular risk. The objective of the research was to evaluate plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension depending on myocardial remodeling type. Materials and methods. 130 patients with myocardial infarction (63 individuals with concomitant arterial hypertension and 67 individuals without it) were observed. Transthoracic echocardiogram was used. To evaluate plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein the ELISA method was applied. Results. Plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction increased by 5.11 times compared to the control group: (10.67 [5.43; 12.89]) mg/l and (2.09 [1.40; 4.60]) mg/l, respectively (p<0.001). In myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension, this parameter increased by 6.57 times (to (13.73 [7.05; 15.17]) mg/l) (p<0.001), and by 1.27 times (p<0.05) as compared to patients without arterial hypertension. No differences in plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein were detected in patients with different types of left ventricular remodeling.Conclusions. Acute myocardial infarction caused by high plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein is severer in co-existent arterial hypertension. There are no differences in blood levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein depending on the type of left ventricular remodeling.

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