Inventor-Entrepreneurs: Patents and Patent Licensing in the Early Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Arthur Daemmrich
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Early American ◽  
Starting A Business

Independent inventors have limited routes to secure financial returns on the time and capital they invest to develop and realize a new idea. Research into two centuries of inventors has identified their options as licensing patents once they are issued, selling inventions (and patents) to existing companies, forging consulting arrangements with operating firms, or raising funds and starting a business. This article explores patent licensing as an entrepreneurial approach using a case study of the largely unknown licensing program undertaken by Samuel Hopkins after receiving the first U. S. patent. A license agreement signed between Hopkins and Eli Cogswell, a potash manufacturer in Vermont, offers a case study of how an inventor-entrepreneur worked in the early American republic. It also provides insights into the links between intellectual property and entrepreneurship, the mindset of inventor-entrepreneurs, and the challenges of bringing a new technology to market at a foundational moment in U. S. history.

The Early Republic, 1789–1815

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
John L. Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Early Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Early American ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Revolutionary Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Half

The twenty-five-year political history of the early American republic, covering the period from the first federal election through the War of 1812, critically shaped the terms and path of American politics over the ensuing two centuries. During this time the United States emerged from the volatility of revolutionary politics to establish the bipolar party structure that has dominated the American political landscape ever since. The central ideological debate over the power of the national government was shaped by classical understandings of politics and by powerfully contested interests. This essay begins with a short chronological summary of the politics of the period, and then turns to the five broad frameworks that historians of the politics of the early republic have addressed over the past half-century: party structure, republican ideology, political culture, slavery, and state-formation.

Passing as a Pastor: Clerical Imposture in the Colonial Atlantic World

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Early American ◽  
True Value ◽  
Cultural Power

AbstractMany impostors in the eighteenth century tried to pass as pastors in North America's churches. This phenomenon showed how increasing engagement with the broader Atlantic world could carry ominous implications for colonial religious leaders, implications that would become manifest in the itinerancy of the evangelical revivals and, in the early republic, finally crush any hopes of centered American religious authority. Eighteenth-century episodes of clerical imposture help illuminate the increasing loss of cultural mastery faced by religious elites as a result of Atlantic anonymities, itinerant ministries, and democratic sensibilities. This article considers why so many in the eighteenth century attempted to pass as pastors, from British wanderers like the supposed brick-maker Samuel May to notorious criminals like Tom Bell or Stephen Burroughs. Understanding the conditions that led to these cases of clerical imposture leads to greater understanding of the nature of religious and cultural power in colonial North America and in the early American republic. The eighteenth century brought a crisis to America concerning the implications of cultural and demographic fluidity as elites worried more and more about assigning true value and uncovering conspiracy in a world newly dependent on appearances to establish authority. The increasing cosmopolitanism, immigration, and commerce helped make the colonial elites more wealthy and powerful, but they also now had to scramble to resist the potential for deception and imposture that the new engagements created. Such conditions made new room for con men, many of whom posed as pastors to access the power of religious authorities.

American neutral rights reappraised: identity or interest in the foreign policy of the early Republic?

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES SOFKA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early American ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Relationship Of

This article analyses the early American commitment to maintaining its neutral rights from several theoretical perspectives. Rejecting recent constructivist interpretations as unsubstantiated by the empirical evidence, it concludes that early American leaders largely mirrored traditional eighteenth century mercantilist practices to suit the interests of the United States. In particular, Jefferson's ‘two-tiered’ approach to the international system was based on astringent calculations of power rather than prevailing notions of ‘republicanism’. This ideology, while manifest in partisan rhetoric, had little measurable impact on the conduct of early American neutral rights policy. By focusing on the relationship of theory and practice in this context, this article offers a case study of the role of norms and ideology in the shaping of foreign policy in a republican state.

Counterfeit States

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-78
Author(s):  
Sharada Balachandran Orihuela
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Charles Brockden Brown ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Early American ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
National Citizenship

This chapter looks to overlapping discussions of American economic health and growth to present a complex story about the circulation of currency as well as the circulation of late-eighteenth century conceptions of American personhood in the works of Charles Brockden Brown and Stephen Burroughs. These imaginative accounts of counterfeiting dramatize the intimate bonds of normative conceptions of citizenship and national currency. This chapter shows how discourses of counterfeiting distinctly frame the social and political geographies of the early American republic. Moreover, the lack of uniform paper currency in the early Republic (which produces social, political, and economic instability) mimics the lack of a uniform understanding of national citizenship in this same period to such a degree that some late eighteenth century authors respond to this dual precarity by proposing that counterfeiting a uniquely American form of self-making, both because the counterfeiting enterprise gives rise to new, albeit economically unstable, homo economici, and because these new economic bodies are themselves forging and/or imitating the dress, behaviors, and codes of propriety in order to capitalize on counterfeit currency. Thus, counterfeiting alleviates some of the anxiety about the lack of uniform national citizenship.

John Jenkins and The Art of Writing: Handwriting and Identity in the Early American Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-525
Author(s):  
Richard S. Christen
Keyword(s):  
Early Republic ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Early American ◽  
Innovative Pedagogy

Author of the first truly American handwriting book (1791), John Jenkins introduced an innovative pedagogy that, he promised, would make elegant handwriting “plain and easy” for all. Fusing old with new, he argued that synthesis–gentility with opportunity, aesthetics with utility, hand with mind–would come to define American identity in the early republic.

Intellectual Property Licensing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kasdan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Patent License ◽  
License Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
Gain Access

This chapter provides a window into the world of intellectual property (IP) licensing and uses patents and US law as a case study. It begins with an overview of what patent licensing is and why it is such an important technique, both for companies seeking to monetize patents as well as those seeking to gain access to patented technologies. It next reviews some of the essential terms most commonly found in patent license agreements, and then closes by taking a look both backwards and forwards, and addresses how patent licensing has evolved, and also reviews newer cutting-edge monetization techniques that have their foundation in traditional bilateral patent licensing.

scholarly journals Approaching Social Setting when Analyzing Language Change in the Early Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Virginia A. G. Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Early American

Any study that concentrates on language change should assess factors such as historical context and social structure. However, approaching the phonetic and phonological changes that took place during the Early American Republic (1776–1861) is a complex task since it was a period of considerable social, political and economic reorganization Additionally, although many biographies and studies on selected issues have been written, the scholarship about the period remains unconnected and fragmented. As such, this article exposes the theoretical and methodological preparation for a research on sound change during the Early American Republic by discussing how to undertake data collection and how to approach data analysis.

Blockchain in Supply Chain: Case Study of Lottemart Ciputat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Handoyo ◽  
M. R. Mashudi ◽  
H. P. Ipung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Production Processes

Current supply chain methods are having difficulties in resolving problems arising from the lack of trust in supply chains. The root reason lies in two challenges brought to the traditional mechanism: self-interests of supply chain members and information asymmetry in production processes. Blockchain is a promising technology to address these problems. The key objective of this paper is to present qualitative analysis for blockchain in supply chain as the decision-making framework to implement this new technology. The analysis method used Val IT business case framework, validated by the expert judgements. The further study needs to be elaborated by either the existing organization that use blockchain or assessment by the organization that will use blockchain to improve their supply chain management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document