scholarly journals MAIN AGENTS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS OF GENITOURINARY TRACTS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Gleb Bondarenko ◽  
Svetlana Dzhoraeva ◽  
Anna Kondakova ◽  
Iuliia Shcherbakova ◽  
Nataliya Sobol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Today the one of most important medical-social problems is a growing antibiotic resistance of opportunistic infectious agents. Aim of research: the dynamic observance of antibiotic resistance of opportunistic pathogens – infectious agents of genitourinary tracts under conditions of venereological clinic. The study included 2205 patients with inflammatory diseases of genitourinary tract, who were on the stationary treatment at the department of venereology of SI “IDV NAMS of Ukraine”. Bacteriological studies for isolation of conventionally pathogenic microorganisms with determination of sensitivity of separated laboratory strains to antibacterial drugs of the different groups were carried out using the methods of classic bacteriology. It was demonstrated, that the composition of microbiocenosis of genitourinary tract in patients with infections, caused by conventionally pathogenic microorganisms was characterized by the prevalence of aerobic representatives of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae families that formed associations both between each other and with representatives of other taxonomic groups. The analysis of antibiotic sensitivity of separated strains testifies to the necessity of permanent microbiological monitoring of opportunistic infectious agents for elaborations of the regimes of rational antibacterial therapy.

ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF MAJOR INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND IN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Г.А. УТЕПБЕРГЕНОВА ◽  
К.Д. КУЛЬЖАНОВА ◽  
К.Б. НАСЫРОВА ◽  
А.А. НАУРЫЗОВА
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Therapy Regimen

В настоящей статье проведен анализ антибиотикочувствительности штаммов из различных биоматериалов в ШГИБ за 2017 год и чувствительности к антибиотикам у пациентов с диагнозом Covid -19, находившиеся на лечении в ГИБ в период с 26.03 по 31.07.2020г. Установлено, что штаммы вышеуказанных бактерий обладают различным спектром антибиотикорезистентности и они должны включаться в схему этиотропной терапии после определения антибиотикочувствительности штамма, выделенного от больного. This article analyzes the antibiotic sensitivity of strains from various biomaterials in the SHGIB for 2017 and the sensitivity to antibiotics in patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who were treated in the GIB in the period from 26.03 to 31.07.2020. It was found that the strains of the above-mentioned bacteria have a different spectrum of antibiotic resistance and they should be included in the etiotropic therapy regimen after determining the antibiotic sensitivity of the strain isolated from the patient

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY ISOLATION EVALUATION OF MAJOR MICROORGANISMS IN PERIODONTAL TISSUE PATHOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
S.B. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Relevance of research The loss of effectiveness and activity of antibiotics is caused by their irrational and inappropriate use (especially in self-medication). The risk of antibiotic-resistant mikrobiom potentially be associated not only with time proceeding systemic antibacterial component in the protocol complex treatment of periodontitis but with specific combinations of different used drugs duration, efficiency previously performed mechanical treatment by open or closed curettage, especially the dosing of selected antibiotics middlemen. In – depth study and development of or personalized approaches to treatment is relevant periodontitis by individualizing the choice of appropriate antibiotics for incorporation into the algorithm of complex therapy, or universal approaches, the possibility of implementation of which depends on arguing the effectiveness of a particular combination of antibacterial agents for the vast majority of patients according to studies with sufficient samples. Study Goal is to assess the levels of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates of major microorganisms in periodontal tissue pathology. Materials and methods of research. The research was conducted on the basis of the University Dental Clinic and private dental clinics in Uzhhorod. Determination of levels antibiotic sensitivity was carried out using a disco-diffusion method with the advice and algorithm identified by order MOH Ukraine 05.04.2007 № 167 "On Approval of guidelines" Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and in accordance with the recommendations EUCAST (Eurepean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). During the testing, standard sets of discs with antibiotics and appropriate test cultures were used, which were seeded with microorganisms obtained from patients with generalized periodontitis of varying severity. Research results and their discussion. During the microbiological analysis of smears obtained from periodontal pockets of whole patients study group, microorganisms were identified, which were characterized by relatively high levels of prevalence, among them: P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. cloaceae, S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. viridans, S. pyogenes. A detailed analysis of the distribution of mean levels of prevalence of antibiotic sensitivity and antibiotic resistance among the analyzed isolates was performed. The results of antibioticograms differ depending on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the isolated microorganisms, their levels of antibiotic sensitivity and antibiotic resistance. This distribution of results indicates the feasibility of a patient-centered approach to treatment, based on the preliminary identification of microorganisms isolated from periodontal pockets of patients, as well as determining the levels of their antibiotic sensitivity and antibiotic resistance. Conclusion. The application of the approach with preliminary determination of antibiotic sensitivity to microorganisms cultured from the oral cavity is characterized by the relevant biological principles of conducting. Prospects for further research. The analysis of the effectiveness of adjuvant antibiotic therapy in the process of complex treatment of periodontal patients and the development of personalized approaches to the treatment of periodontitis are promising.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE ASPECT OF OUTPATIENT SERVICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
ARTEM M. MOROZOV ◽  
◽  
ALEXEY N. SERGEEV ◽  
VICTOR A. KADYKOV ◽  
ELSHAD M. ASKEROV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
The Given

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem that is the main cause of the increase in the number of purulent-inflammatory diseases and postsurgical complications. Aim. The aim of the present study was to monitor antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated in the course of microbiological study in otorhinolaryngological and surgical patients of the outpatient department of a single preventive health institution. Material and methods. A statistical analysis of the results of microbiological studies, excretions of patients undergoing outpatient treatment in surgical and otorhinolaryngological departments of outpatient clinic No1 of the state budget institution «City Clinical Hospital No 7» of Tver is presented. We processed 280 findings of microbiological studies of ear, nose, pharynx and wound surface cultures for 2019. Results and discussion. It was found that the spectrum of dominant microorganism species in 2019 detected during swabbing of surgical and otorhinolaryngological patients treated in the outpatient clinic included gram-negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes microorganisms. Among the microorganisms presented, strains with multiple resistance to the action of antimicrobial drugs were identified. According to the total number of resistant microorganisms it was found that among antibacterial drugs, antibiotics of Aminopenicillin class, including those protected by protease inhibitors, as well as fluoroquinolones of the 2nd generation have the lowest clinical efficacy in the given medical institution. Conclusion. The findings of the present study indicate a rapid rate of spread of resistance genes among nosocomial strains of microorganisms, which necessitates continuous monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity by various specific laboratory methods. The results of laboratory studies should be used when prescribing antibiotic therapy for a particular patient, and the results of this study should be considered when selecting an empirical antibiotic, since they reflect the resistance of the most common pathogens. Key words: antibiotic resistance, antibiotics, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Evaluation of Metallo-Beta Lactamase Genes Including bla-IMP and bla-VIM Types in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients in Tehran Hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Aghamiri ◽  
Nour Amirmozafari ◽  
Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽  
Babak Fouladtan ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Group B

Beta-lactamase producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important etiological agents of hospital infections. Carbapenems are among the most effective antibiotics used against Pseudomonas infections, but they can be rendered infective by group B β-lactamase, commonly called metallo-beta lactamase. In this study, the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from 9 different hospitals in Tehran, Iran, as well as the prevalence of MBLs genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) were determined. A total of 212 strains of P. aeruginosa recovered from patients in hospitals in Tehran were confirmed by both biochemical methods and PCR. Their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Following MIC determination, imipenem resistant strains were selected by DDST method which was followed by PCR tests for determination of MBLs genes: bla-IMP and bla-VIM. The results indicated that, in the DDST phenotypic method, among the 100 imipenem resistant isolates, 75 strains were MBLs positive. The PCR test indicated that 70 strains (33%) carried bla-VIM gene and 20 strains (9%) harbored bla-IMP. The results indicated that the extent of antibiotic resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa is on the rise. This may be due to production of MBLs enzymes. Therefore, determination of antibiotic sensitivity patterns and MBLs production by these bacteria, can be important in control of clinical Pseudomonas infection.

Vulvovaginitis of mixed etiology and real clinical practice

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Vera N. Prilepskaya ◽  
Patimat R. Abakarova ◽  
Andrei E. Donnikov
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Ascending Infection ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
The One ◽  
Combined Drugs

Lower genital tract inflammatory diseases, caused by opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms (vulvovaginitis), occupy a leading place among gynecological diseases and are one of the most common reasons for women to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist. Vulvovaginitis is rarely caused by a single pathogen. In recent years, lower genital tract inflammatory diseases are characterized by the predominance of mixed infections, which, on the one hand, can lead to a more severe and prolonged course, frequent relapses, an ascending infection, and, on the other hand, can be asymptomatic, till the development of complications, and represent certain difficulties in the diagnosis and choice of therapy. Opportunistic pathogens and anaerobes-bacteroides play a major role in manifestations of mixed infections. Currently, in the treatment of mixed vulvovaginitis, preference is given to combined drugs that have an effect on a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. One of them is Metromicon-Neo, which features of action and our experience of its use along with the features of mixed vulvovaginitis are summarized in the article.

scholarly journals Treatment optimization of patients with genital endometriosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Nikolay Shcherbina ◽  
Anastasiia Chekhunova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Local Cytokine

The aim of the research: to optimize the treatment of patients with combined genital pathology, including internal endometriosis (adenomyosis) and inflammatory diseases. Materials and methods: prospective study has been conducted on 160 women with adenomyosis. There were 24 (15 %) patients with the I degree of adenomyosis spreading, 72 (45.0 %) women with the II degree, 33 (20.6 %) patients with the III degree, and 31 (19.4 %) woman with the IV degree of adenomyosis spreading. Microbial flora analysis included bacterioscopic, bacteriological research methods with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics, and PCR method. The concentration of cytokines in the culture medium (supernatant) was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Results: the obtained data from the study indicate a high percentage of the combination of adenomyosis with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. An immuno-inflammatory reaction preceding adenomyosis is accompanied by the violation of the local cytokine balance. In turn, the increased activity of cytokines and the presence of infectious agents can participate in the relapse of endometriosis.  Conclusion: considering the immuno-inflammatory reaction, accompanied by the violation of the local cytokine balance in the development of adenomyosis. The study substantiates the necessity of using antimicrobial therapy in patients with combined genital pathology, including adenomyosis and inflammatory diseases

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant and phagosensitivity of regional strains-causative agents of pyo-inflammatory diseases (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa).

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
S.А. Dеrкаch ◽  
N.I. Gorodnicka ◽  
N.M. Kutsaj ◽  
L.S. Gabisheva ◽  
О.V. Коtsar
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Student’S T Test

Annotation. The actual issue is studying of sensitivity to antibiotics of regional strains-causative agents when there is increasing circulation of poly-resistant microorganisms. They were isolated from different biotopes. Their sensitivity to various commercial bacteriophage preparations was carried out in parallel. The purpose of the study was to determine the antibiotics of choice for starting therapy of purulent-inflammatory diseases and the prospects of using bacteriophage preparations relative to the most etiologically significant regional pathogen strains. Common methods of investigation were used: disco-diffusion to determine antibiotics sensitivity and drop method to study phagosensitivity. The results were processed by the method of variational statistics using M. Excel 2000 Biostat with Student's t test. It has been shown that antibiotics of choice for starting therapy of purulent-inflammatory diseases, in the absence of bacteriological examination of patients and determination of antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens, it is advisable to consider fluoroquinolones (sensitivity of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin about 90%), amikacin and gentamycin (78,3–39,7%), imipenem (57,4%). The conducted studies confirm the prospect of using existing bacteriophage drugs, including “Pyofag” and “Intestyfag”, LLC “Farmaxgroup” (Ukraine). The sensitivity of regional strains was 50,0–60,0%. It remains promising to study the effectiveness of the complex using of antibiotics and bacteriophages and to improve the action of commercial preparation of bacteriophages.

scholarly journals Species Composition of the Causes of Opportunistic Infections of the Urinary Tract and Ways of Overcoming Their Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
E. Agaeva ◽  
S. Ibadullaeva ◽  
E. Agaeva ◽  
V. Narimanov ◽  
S. Gurbanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The etiological structure of opportunistic infections of the urinary tract represented by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (with a predominance of Escherichia coli, Klepsiella pneumoniae), as well as non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas) and staphylococci and enterococcus etc. were revealed in the result of the research. The antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract infection pathogens to the most commonly used antibiotics were studied, also the antibiotic resistance of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, cephalosporins of the 1st and 2nd generation and resistance of A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, as well as VRE and MRSA were studied. The study and selection of new herbal medicines were carried out. The 10% solution of Geranium collinum Steph and Rosmarinus officinalis L. had the highest microbiological properties which can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

SIMPLIFIED DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Asfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT This is an investigation of the practical clinical value of the one mg dexamethasone suppression test of Nugent et al. (1963). The results, evaluated from the decrease in fluorimetrically determined plasma corticosteroids in normal subjects, as well as in cases of exogenous obesity, hirsutism and in Cushing's syndrome, confirm the findings reported in previous studies. Plasma corticosteroid reduction after one mg of dexamethasone in cases of stable diabetes was not significantly different from that observed in control subjects, but in one third of the insulin-treated diabetics only a partial response was observed, indicating a slight hypercorticism in these patients. An insufficient decrease in plasma corticosteroids was observed in certain other conditions (anorexia nervosa, pituitary adenoma, patients receiving contraceptive or anticonvulsive treatment) with no hypercorticism. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed. It is concluded that the test, together with a determination of the basal urinary 17-ketogenic steroid excretion, is suitable as the first diagnostic test in patients in whom Cushing's syndrome is suspected. In cases of insufficient suppression of plasma corticosteroids, further studies, including the suppression test of Liddle (1960), must be carried out.

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